Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 | |
---|---|
Developer(s) | |
Publisher(s) | Activision |
Director(s) |
|
Producer(s) |
|
Designer(s) |
|
Artist(s) | Joe Salud |
Writer(s) | |
Composer(s) | Brian Tyler |
Series | Call of Duty |
Engine | IW 5.0 |
Platform(s) | |
Release |
|
Genre(s) | First-person shooter |
Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 is a 2011 first-person shooter video game, jointly developed by Infinity Ward and Sledgehammer Games and published by Activision. The game was released worldwide in November 2011 for Microsoft Windows, the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, and OS X.[1] It is the sequel to Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2009), serving as the third and final installment in the original Modern Warfare trilogy and the eighth Call of Duty installment overall. A separate version for the Nintendo DS was developed by n-Space, while Treyarch developed the game's Wii port. In Japan, Square Enix published the game with a separate subtitled and dubbed version.[2]
The game's campaign follows Modern Warfare 2 and begins right after the events of its final mission. Similar to Modern Warfare 2, it is centered around Task Force 141, which contains Captain Price, Soap MacTavish, and a newly introduced playable character, Yuri. Alongside the Delta Force and Special Air Service, they hunt Vladimir Makarov (the main antagonist of the trilogy), a Russian terrorist who leads the Russian Ultranationalist party. He led several terror attacks across Europe, triggering a large-scale war between the Ultranationalists and friendly forces. For the game's multiplayer mode, new mode types and killstreak choices were brought in. Improvements were also made to the mode that solved issues that appeared in Modern Warfare 2.
Using an enhanced version of Modern Warfare 2's IW engine, development for the game began in 2010 with more than one developer studio. Prior to development, Infinity Ward co-founders Jason West and Vince Zampella left the company to form Respawn Entertainment. Other members had been fired or had left the company following the duo's departure. Sledgehammer Games had joined the Modern Warfare 3 development force, with Raven Software also developing the game's multiplayer mode. Following a large leak containing detailed information about the game, multiple teaser trailers were released, with each showcasing a location featured in the game's campaign, leading up to a full reveal.
Modern Warfare 3 received positive reviews from critics, with praise for its gameplay, campaign, and multiplayer, although there was some criticism for its story and lack of innovation. It won the award for Best Shooter at the 2011 Spike Video Game Awards. It was a massive commercial success. Within 24 hours of going on sale, the game sold 6.5 million copies in the United States and the United Kingdom and grossed $400 million, contemporaneously making it the largest entertainment launch ever.[3][4][5]
Gameplay
Modern Warfare 3 is a first-person shooter video game much like its predecessors. Modern Warfare 3 for Microsoft Windows has dedicated server support.[6]
Campaign
The player assumes the role of various characters during the single-player campaign, changing perspectives throughout the progression of the story, which, like its predecessors, is divided into three sets of missions called "Acts". Each mission in an act features a series of objectives that are displayed on the heads up display, which marks the direction and distance between such objectives and the player. Damage to the player is shown by the visualization of blood-spatter or red-outs on the screen. The player's health regenerates over time as long as the player character avoids taking damage for a limited time. Mission objectives vary in their requirements, ranging from having the player arrive at a particular checkpoint, to eliminating enemies in a specified location, to standing their ground against enemy squadrons, directing remote-operated weapons, and planting explosive charges on enemy installations. The player is also accompanied by fellow soldiers who cannot be issued orders. Like its predecessor, the game includes an interactive scene of a terror attack against civilians, which the player is given the option of skipping due to the portrayal of graphic and potentially upsetting content, including harm to children.
Cooperative
Modern Warfare 3 features a new mode, called Survival. This mode allows between one and two players to fight massive waves of enemies, with each wave becoming increasingly difficult. It differs from the Nazi Zombies mode in Call of Duty: World at War, principally in that enemies no longer spawn at fixed locations as the zombies do, but instead appear at tactical positions based on the current location of the player. The mode is available on all multiplayer maps in the game. Players earn in-game cash for items such as weapons, upgrades, ammo, air/ground support, and equipment if they kill or assist in killing enemies, while more items can be unlocked by earning XP which is also increased by killing enemies.[7][8] Special Ops also returns from Modern Warfare 2. These challenge missions feature up to 48 stars, unlike its previous installment, which featured 69. Some weapons in Spec Ops are exclusive to that game mode and are not available for play in multiplayer mode.[9]
Multiplayer
The entire Killstreak reward system has been altered to make it more difficult for players to get early unlocks. Killstreaks are now known as Pointstreaks, and kills are no longer the only way to increase the player's point streak. Completing objectives such as planting a bomb or capturing a flag in Capture The Flag awards points towards the player's Pointstreak. Pointstreak rewards are organized into three different "strike packages" called Assault, Support, and Specialist.
The Assault strike package works the same as the Killstreak reward system in Modern Warfare 2 and Black Ops: the player must earn more and more points without dying. Once the player is killed, their points are reset to zero. Likewise, the Specialist strike package rewards players with perks after every second consecutive kill. Upon death, however, the player loses all the perks and the points are reset to zero. In contrast, the Support strike package is awarded based on the total points that the player has earned over the entire match, regardless of how often the player dies. It is important to note that if a player switches to a custom class with a different reward system (either assault or specialist) during gameplay, all points are automatically reset to 0.[10] Players are allowed to choose which Pointstreak rewards they want to use when they gain it during the match, rather than choosing them between rounds.
Along with revamping the entire Killstreak reward system, Modern Warfare 3 also has a completely modified Ranking and Unlocks system, which does not use a currency system for unlocks.[11] The player's primary weapon levels up alongside the player, and unlocks a number of "Proficiency" perks such as Attachments, (allows two attachments and is a successor to the "Bling" and "Warlord" perks), Kick (reduced recoil while aiming down the player's sight) and Focus (reduced flinching while under fire). Only one Proficiency can be put on a primary weapon.[12] Another new addition is the ability to equip "Hybrid Scopes" on a weapon, such as a holographic sight with a red dot magnifier, allowing players to switch between magnified and non-magnified.[13] Modern Warfare 3 introduces a new "Prestige Shop" which will unlock only after the player has selected the option to prestige for the first time. The "Prestige Shop" allows Prestige players to use tokens they gain from using the Prestige option to buy exclusive features such as double XP and an extra custom weapon class. The player is able to Prestige 20 times.[14]
Several controversial perks in Modern Warfare 2, accused of being too overpowered, have been removed in Modern Warfare 3. Diving from standing to prone, known as "dolphin diving", has been removed due to balancing issues.[15] Modern Warfare 3 utilized Treyarch's hot fix system to fix bugs and glitches.[16] Modern Warfare 3 features a local and online split-screen option. (Not available for the Wii version.)[17]
New game modes were added:
- Kill Confirmed: players must collect floating dog tags from the corpse of a downed enemy before the kill can be registered. However, the opposing team can pick up the dog tag as well to deny the other team a kill, which denies the other team a point.
- Team Defender: both teams attempt to capture a flag dropped by the first person who is killed when the match starts, the team of the person who holds the flag will get double points for their kills; while the team without the flag only gets the default number per kill.
- Private matches also now include pre-made game modes including: "Infected" (where the infected kill enemies to recruit them to their team), "Drop Zone" (where the player must hold a drop zone for points and care packages), "Team Juggernaut" (each team plays alongside an AI Juggernaut character), "Gun Game" (be the first to get one kill with every gun in the game), "One in the Chamber" (in which players are only allowed one pistol with one bullet and three lives where they can only get more bullets by killing other players), and "Juggernaut" (free for all against a juggernaut, kill the juggernaut to become it). Along with this, players are allowed to create their own game modes with customized settings such as number of players and time limit.[10]
Special Ops
The Special Ops game mode from Modern Warfare 2 is present in Modern Warfare 3, and includes new features which make it more replayable and similar to other game modes, such as Nazi Zombies from previous Call of Duty games, and Hordes from Gears of War. The two main Special Ops modes include one that is generally the same as the last Modern Warfare game, and a new wave-based game, Survival, where the player is inserted into a multiplayer map alone or with a single partner and defends an area against waves of enemies. The players can buy support options unlocked with money earned during each round via the means of killing the enemy and completing the optional objectives on each wave, which vary from getting multi-kills to not taking damage. You gain experience for killing them which allows for more weapons to be unlocked, as well as other support options. The model also works with the DLC multiplayer maps.
Call of Duty: Elite
Call of Duty: Elite was an online service developed by Beachhead Studios for the multiplayer portion of Modern Warfare 3 (as well as the previous installment in the series, Black Ops). It was first showcased at E3 2011 and was released on November 8, 2011, to coincide with the release of Modern Warfare 3. The free version included features such as lifetime statistics and social networking integration. It included monthly downloadable content.[18] The service was shut down by Activision on February 28, 2014, and did not support Call of Duty: Ghosts.
Downloadable content
The downloadable content (DLC) available for Modern Warfare 3 is an assortment of additional multiplayer maps, Special Ops missions, and Face-Off Maps that came as part of the Call of Duty ELITE Premium membership. Downloadable content was split into four unique "Content Collections," each with 2-3 content packs.
During the release of Modern Warfare 3 and Call of Duty's Elite service, premium members of the service were promised 20 pieces of DLC over a 9-month period, with content releases for each platform every month. This number was increased to 22 on Call of Duty's official Elite Content Calendar.[19] Initially, all downloadable content was only available to Call of Duty: Elite premium members. Xbox 360 users received all DLC about a month before PlayStation 3 users regardless of Elite membership due to a special contract between Microsoft and Activision. As an example, the first Collection dropped on Xbox 360 on January 24, and on February 28 on the PS3. Content Drops were released monthly exclusively to all Call of Duty: Elite premium and founder members. There were a total of 9 monthly DLC releases up until the end of Modern Warfare 3' 2012 content season. September was the last month DLC was released for Xbox 360, and October was the last month for PlayStation 3. Since Call of Duty: Elite was not available for PC gamers, DLC was only released in the form of Content Collections.
On May 9, 2012, it was announced that the Face-Off mode would be introduced to Modern Warfare 3. It included smaller maps, which promoted fast gameplay matches. Face-Off included options for 1v1, 2v2, and 3v3 battles. Two free Face-Off maps became available for all Xbox Live Gold subscribers on May 15, 2012, regardless of Call of Duty: Elite membership.[20]
Story
Characters
The game sees the return of Task Force 141 members Captain John "Soap" MacTavish, Captain John Price and Russian mercenary "Nikolai", who are on the run after killing the rogue General Shepherd, the main antagonist of the previous game. Task Force 141 was officially disavowed due to Shepherd's death, with the truth of his involvement in igniting World War III known only to Price, Soap, and Nikolai. For most of the game, the player controls Yuri, an ex-Spetsnaz operator and former associate of Russian Ultranationalist terrorist Makarov, who joins Task Force 141 on their hunt for Makarov, who returns as the game's main antagonist. Several playable characters have been added, including Delta Force operator Staff Sergeant Derek "Frost" Westbrook; Special Air Service Sergeant Marcus Burns; and Andrei Harkov, a Russian FSO agent tasked with protecting the Russian President. Just like President Al-Fulani in the first game, Soap is only "playable" during the game's opening sequence; while Price becomes the player character in the game's final mission, and is the only character in the trilogy who speaks while playable. The player also takes brief control of a civilian tourist in London, seconds before he and his family are killed by a chemical agent; as well as an AC-130 TV Operator during the Battle of Paris.
New non-player characters (NPCs) include Delta Force operatives "Sandman" (William Fichtner), "Truck" (Idris Elba), and "Grinch" (Timothy Olyphant), who serve as Frost's squadmates. Captain MacMillan briefly returns from Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare as Baseplate. Craig Fairbrass, who originally voiced the characters Gaz and Ghost, returns to voice SAS operative Sergeant Wallcroft, who originally had a minor role in the first Modern Warfare.
Locations featured in the game include India, the United States, Sierra Leone, the United Kingdom, Germany, Somalia, France, the Czech Republic, Russia, and the United Arab Emirates.
Plot
Immediately following the events of the previous game, Soap and Price are extracted by Nikolai to a safe house in Himachal Pradesh, but are soon attacked by Makarov's forces. At the request of Price, Nikolai contacts his "best man", a former Spetsnaz operator named Yuri who claims to hate Makarov even more than Price.
Meanwhile, a Delta Force squad codenamed "Metal" assists American forces in defense of New York City, destroying a radio jammer atop the Stock Exchange before hijacking an Oscar II-class submarine and using its missile payload to destroy the Russian Navy in New York Bay, prompting Russia to withdraw its forces from the East Coast and effectively defeating the invasion.
Three months later, Russian President Boris Vorshevsky flies to take part in peace talks with the United States in Hamburg. Makarov's forces, however, ambush his security detail aboard the plane, forcing it to crash land somewhere in Eastern Europe. The Ultranationalists assault the crash site and kill the remaining security agents, capturing Vorshevsky. Makarov demands he relinquish Russia's nuclear launch codes, threatening his daughter's life if he does not comply. Makarov then orders chemical bombs to be sent from Sierra Leone to several NATO member capital cities and military bases, with Task Force 141 failing to prevent the deadly cargo from leaving the country. The SAS identify one of the bombs as it is shipped into London, but are unable to prevent its detonation. With NATO forces crippled by the attacks, Russia, now under Makarov's control, invades Europe.
Team Metal rescues the Vice President of the United States in Hamburg while NATO scrambles to repel the invasion. Task Force 141 acquires a lead from MacMillan that a Somali black market warlord named Waraabe is associated with the chemical weapons. The team assaults his compound in Bosaso, cornering and interrogating the warlord into revealing that a man Viktor "Volk" Khristenko, CEO of Ultranationalist front company Fregata Industries, was responsible for constructing the bombs and is currently located in Paris. Price relays the intelligence to Team Metal, who are deployed to capture Volk with assistance from the GIGN. Volk is captured after an intense pursuit, and the team narrowly escapes the city with the HVT. Under interrogation, Volk reveals that Makarov is meeting with his associates in Prague soon. The meeting turns out to be a trap, however; Sergeant Kamarov, a Russian loyalist and close contact with Price, is killed by Makarov, who addresses Yuri as "[his] friend." In the ensuing fight, Soap suffers an injury that causes his wound[lower-alpha 2] to reopen; he dies of blood loss just after revealing Makarov's association with Yuri to Price.
A distraught and enraged Price interrogates Yuri at gunpoint, demanding to know more about his past with Makarov. Yuri reveals that he was present in Pripyat during Zakhaev's attempted assassination in 1996, and became disillusioned with the Ultranationalist cause following the nuclear detonation in the Middle East in 2011,[lower-alpha 3] with Makarov revealed to have personally detonated the bomb. Yuri then explains that he attempted to thwart the massacre at Zakhaev International Airport, but was critically wounded by Makarov and later rescued by security forces. Price begrudgingly chooses to continue working with Yuri, and with further help from MacMillan, the two infiltrate Makarov's castle base in rural Czechia to acquire intel on his whereabouts, learning that Makarov has located President Vorshevsky's daughter, Alena, in Berlin and intends to kidnap her. Price relays the intelligence to Team Metal, who despite assistance from the Bundeswehr, fail to reach her before Makarov's men capture her. They track her to a diamond mine in Siberia before launching a rescue operation with Task Force 141. While the mission is successful, Metal is forced to sacrifice themselves in order to hold off Makarov's forces long enough for Vorshevsky, Alena, and 141 to escape; they are killed when the mine collapses on top of them. With the President safe and Makarov's machinations publicly revealed, relations between Russia and the U.S. are restored and the war is ended; Makarov goes into hiding, now a wanted fugitive to be caught and executed.
Three months later in 2017, Price and Yuri track Makarov to a hotel in Dubai. The duo don modified EOD suits and perform a frontal assault on the hotel, overcoming fierce resistance and cornering Makarov on the rooftop. Makarov gains the upper hand in the ensuing struggle and prepares to execute Price, but is distracted by Yuri, whom he kills. Price then manages to tackle Makarov and wrap a steel cable around his neck before plunging him through the glass roof, hanging him. As first responders approach the hotel, a victorious Price smokes a cigar.
Development
A 2010 Q3 earnings call from Activision confirmed that the eighth installment of the franchise was currently in development by Sledgehammer Games and Raven Software and due for release "during the back half of 2011". This was revealed to be Infinity Ward's Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, with the latter developers co-developing multiplayer. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 was known to be in development after a legal dispute between Infinity Ward co-founders Jason West and Vince Zampella and Activision resulted in the pair being fired from the company. Several dozen Infinity Ward employees followed West and Zampella as a result of the ongoing dispute, causing Activision to enlist the services of Sledgehammer Games and Raven Software to assist in the development of the title.[21] The game was said to have been in development since only two weeks after the release of their previous game, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2.[22] Also reported was that Sledgehammer was aiming for a "bug free" first outing in the Call of Duty franchise, and also set a goal for Metacritic review scores above 95 percent.[23] Modern Warfare 3 utilizes the MW3 Engine, unofficially the IW 5.0 Engine. Improvements include better streaming and audio.[24] Sledgehammer Games announced the game to be the first entry in the Modern Warfare series to have built-in support for color-blind gamers.[25]
The Official UK PlayStation Magazine lent credence to speculation that Modern Warfare 3 would be a prequel starring fan-favorite character Ghost. The magazine's sources strengthened a rumor which first reared its head online early in January 2011. On the Rumor Machine page in its issue (055), OPM points to "insider whispers" which suggest: "Infinity Ward's next Modern Warfare title will be a prequel, with Ghost in the lead role."[26] According to PSM3, the first snippet of Modern Warfare 3 gameplay would be revealed in mid-April. According to the publication's May 2011 issue, insider rumors say "the next in Activision's megaton FPS series will be announced in mid-April".[27]
On May 13, 2011, the video game website Kotaku revealed the existence of Modern Warfare 3 following a massive leak. According to Kotaku, this leak came from multiple sources who may or may not work at Activision and Infinity Ward. The leak contained thorough information about the game, confirming that it would be a direct sequel to Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, as well as details regarding weapons, levels, and modes found in the game.[28] In response to the leaks, Robert Bowling tweeted "A lot of hype & a lot of leaked info on MW3, some still accurate, some not. To avoid spoiling the experience, I'd wait for the real reveal." Just hours after the leaked assets appeared on Kotaku, four teaser trailers were released on the official Call of Duty YouTube page, separately titled "America", "England", "France" and "Germany", indicating the various locales of the game.[29]
Marketing
On May 23, 2011, Activision released the first gameplay trailer for Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 on YouTube ahead of its official premiere during the NBA Western Conference Finals.[30] On May 31, 2011, Activision announced Call of Duty: Elite, a new social service for the Call of Duty community to track and compare statistics, create videos and access premium content. The service is fully integrated into Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, and launched on November 8, 2011, to coincide with the game's release.[31] On June 6, 2011, at 11:00 AM (PDT), the first live gameplay demo of Modern Warfare 3 was presented by Robert Bowling and Glen Schofield at E3 2011. On June 14, 2011, 12:35 PM (EST), the first live gameplay demo of the new Survival Mode was played by Jimmy Fallon and Simon Pegg on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.[32] On August 9, 2011, the trailer for the new Survival Mode was released on YouTube.[33] On September 2, 2011, the multiplayer world premiere trailer was released on YouTube.[34] On September 3, 2011, another multiplayer trailer was released on YouTube showing off the heads-up display along with various weapons, perks, and killstreaks.[35] On October 6, 2011, a second full-length cinematic trailer was released.[36] On October 22, 2011, the launch trailer was released.[37]
On July 19, 2011, UK distributor Lygo unveiled a range of Turtle Beach Ear Force Modern Warfare 3 gaming headsets that launched in November 2011. The headsets are distinguished by custom audio presets designed by the audio teams at developers Infinity Ward and Sledgehammer Games "in order to provide the ultimate immersion into the cinematic world of Modern Warfare 3".[38] On August 24, 2011, Activision revealed the official Modern Warfare 3 sunglasses. These Call of Duty-branded glasses come from technology eyewear manufacturer GUNNAR – in a licensed partnership with Activision – and join its "Advanced Gaming Eyewear" line. They come with a limited edition Modern Warfare 3 carrying case and cleaning cloth. The product is sold exclusively in North America at Best Buy retail locations and at select European retailers.[39] Microsoft released two limited-edition Modern Warfare 3-themed accessories on October 11, 2011, a wireless controller and a wireless headset.[40] On September 29, 2011, Munitio announced a partnership with Activision in order to make a special edition Modern Warfare 3 9 mm "billet" earphone featuring the Modern Warfare 3 logo, among other things. The earphones were available for pre-order and were released on October 23, 2011.[41] On October 18, 2011, Logitech announced a partnership with Activision in order to make a special edition Modern Warfare 3 mouse and keyboard which feature many things, including the Modern Warfare 3 logo.[42]
On September 2, 2011, Jeep announced a partnership with Activision for the second year in a row, to make a special edition Modern Warfare 3 Jeep based on the Wrangler Rubicon model. The Jeep comes with various features including the interior and exterior being designed with a Modern Warfare 3 theme. Jeep dealers started selling this model in November 2011.[43]
On August 24, 2011, the PepsiCo-owned brand Mountain Dew officially announced on their Facebook page that they would be promoting the game with their "Game Fuel" soda variants, which would be cherry-citrus-flavored (the original Game Fuel that promoted Halo 3 in 2007 and brought back in 2009 to promote World of Warcraft) and Tropical-flavored (a new flavor that was tested by 500 Dew Labs members). The drinks featured codes to give the player double experience points in-game, depending on the size of the drink.[44] Another PepsiCo-owned brand, Doritos, promoted the game with its "Cool Ranch" and "Nacho Cheese" flavors and also followed the same rules as the Mountain Dew promotion. Both promotions started on October 10, 2011, and ended on December 31, 2011.[45] In Australia, 500 ml cans of V Energy Drink have been branded with the Modern Warfare 3 logo, along with a branded code which can be used for downloads and previews.[46]
To promote the game, Activision held a two-day event called Call of Duty: Experience 2011 (Call of Duty: XP for short) which took place in Los Angeles from September 2–3, 2011. It featured many things including the reveal of the new multiplayer which attendees were able to play for the first time. In addition, all attendees received the Hardened Edition for free as a gift for attending.[47] At a Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 VIP party in Amsterdam, Dutch porn star and avid fan of the series Kim Holland was originally invited to attend the event until she was suddenly uninvited when Activision discovered her profession. In her blog, she shared her opinion and feelings towards Activision's sudden decision, writing: "People murdering people is neat, [...] but love-makers are dirty?" Activision did not respond to any comments about the subject.[48]
Activision had planned to set up an official website to promote the game, however, the domain name "ModernWarfare3.com" had already been taken and was used for an anti-Call of Duty website and redirecting users to Electronic Arts's game Battlefield 3. Activision filed a US$2,600 complaint against the site with the National Arbitration Forum.[49] On September 8, 2011, Activision won the complaint and acquired the rights to the domain name.[50] In November 2011, actors Jonah Hill and Sam Worthington (who voiced the main character Alex Mason in Black Ops, the previous game to Modern Warfare 3), and NBA athlete Dwight Howard starred in commercials advertising the game.[51]
Release
Two weeks before the release of the game, it was reported that half of the PC version had been uploaded online after being stolen from a warehouse in Fresno, California. Investigators working on behalf of Activision searched torrent websites for traces of the game as well as visiting people who had downloaded a copy across the United States and requested that they remove it or they would face a fine of US$5,000.[52]
As early as late October, reports were already surfacing about copies being sold early to people with gameplay videos uploaded online.[53] On November 3, 2011, it was reported that copies of the game were already being sold early in the United States. K-Mart had already started selling copies of the game before its scheduled release date with copies already appearing on eBay and Craigslist. This was due to an error made by one of the shipping companies that told Walmart to sell copies of the game immediately after receiving the shipments. However, Activision contacted K-mart about this and had the issue resolved.[54]
French site TF1 News reported that a truck suffered a collision with a car on November 6, 2011, in Créteil, south Paris, before two masked individuals emerged from the car. The criminals reportedly used tear gas to neutralize the truck drivers before hopping in and making off with the video game shipment said to be worth 400,000 Euros. A separate report said the truck contained a delivery of 6000 copies of Modern Warfare 3.[55]
Shortly after the game's release, a man from Aurora, Colorado who did not receive a copy of the game at his local Best Buy, despite pre-ordering it, claimed to be so angry that he "could blow this place up". He was also reported as having threatened to shoot employees once they left the store. Lomon Sar, age 31, was issued a citation and court summons by police responding to the disturbance.[56] The game was released for OS X on May 20, 2014.[57]
Retail versions
Modern Warfare 3 was released in two different retail versions across the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms: Standard and Hardened. The standard version consists of the game and an instructional manual and is the only version available for the Microsoft Windows platform. Contents within the Hardened Edition include the game disc with "unique art", one-year membership to Call of Duty: Elite, "special founder status" on Call of Duty: Elite which includes an exclusive in-game emblem, player card, weapon camouflage, clan XP boost, and more exclusive benefits, premium collectible Steelbook case, exclusive animated timeline theme for PS3 only, exclusive Spec Ops Juggernaut Xbox Live avatar outfit for Xbox 360 only, and a limited edition, collectible field journal, which chronicles "the entire saga with 100+ pages of authentic military sketches, diagrams, and written entries."[58]
Robert Bowling of Infinity Ward confirmed that there will be no Prestige Edition of Modern Warfare 3. In the past, the Prestige editions of previous Call of Duty games have included physical items such as a remote-controlled car for Black Ops, a pair of night vision goggles and a life-sized plastic head to put them on for Modern Warfare 2.[59]
On August 19, 2011, UK retailer Game announced an Intel Pack of Modern Warfare 3. It comes with a British special forces avatar for both the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions, as well as a Brady strategy guide.[60] On September 3, 2011, Activision and Microsoft jointly announced a special, limited Modern Warfare 3 version of the Xbox 360 with a 320 GB hard disk. The unit is designed by the Call of Duty team and includes two custom wireless controllers, a copy of Modern Warfare 3, and features custom sounds when the console is turned on/off or when the disc tray is ejected. A one-month subscription to Xbox Live Gold is also included, as well as exclusive avatar items.[61]
Reception
Critical response
Aggregator | Score |
---|---|
Metacritic | (PC) 78/100[62] (PS3) 88/100[63] (Wii) 70/100[64] (X360) 88/100[65] |
Publication | Score |
---|---|
1Up.com | A−[66] |
Eurogamer | 8/10[67] |
Game Informer | 9/10[68] |
GameSpot | 8.5/10[69] |
GameTrailers | 9.3/10[70] |
Giant Bomb | [71] |
IGN | 9/10[72] (Wii) 4.5/10[73] |
Joystiq | [74] |
Official Xbox Magazine (US) | 8.5/10[75] |
The Daily Telegraph | [76] |
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 received "generally positive" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic, except for the Wii, where it received "mixed or average" reviews.[62][63][64][65]
The Daily Telegraph gave the game's Xbox 360 version 5 stars out of 5, stating that even as "the series has always been renowned for elements like the excellent sound design, the gloss, polish, and compulsion of its gameplay," it is "a game that not only lives up to the brand hype but exceeds it. A game where the mass appeal is justified and the expectations are met."[76] Gaming Evolution gave the PS3 and Xbox 360 versions a 9.0 out of 10, stating "Modern Warfare 3 lives up to the hype. It is proving itself the one of the best FPS the genre has to offer."[77] IGN gave the game's Xbox 360 version a 9.0 out of 10.0, pointing out that the game offers "great multiplayer, [a] fun campaign, tons of content, but [also] a forgettable story."[72]
GameSpot qualifies its review, stating that "the series' signature thrills have lost some of their luster. Modern Warfare 3 iterates rather than innovates, so the fun you have is familiar", but concludes by affirming that "fortunately, [the game is] also utterly engrossing and immensely satisfying, giving fans another reason to rejoice in this busy shooter season".[69] Eurogamer gave the game an 8/10 noting that it is a "ferocious and satisfying game that knows exactly what players expect, and delivers on that promise with bullish confidence" but with "an outmoded single-player campaign".[67]
Reviews for the Wii version of the game have been less favorable, with IGN rating it a 4.5 out of 10, noting the lacking graphics and poor friend code system.[73]
Player confusion between Modern Warfare 3 and Modern Warfare III
Following early critical reaction of the 2023 game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare III (essentially the third in a separate reboot series) before its official release, this game was subjected to review bombing bringing the Metacritic user score as low as 3.5.[78] IGN attributed this as players' confusion between the two titles and confirmed Metacritic was in the process of removing these reviews.[13]
Sales and revenue
Activision has said that it believes Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 day-one shipments were the largest for any game ever. "The record number of pre-orders from Modern Warfare 3 drove the largest day-one shipments in our history, and in the industry's history," said Activision Publishing CEO Eric Hirshberg during an earnings call on November 8, 2011. Hirshberg said more than 1.5 million people queued at 13,000 shops at midnight on Monday to buy Modern Warfare 3, "making it the largest retail release in Activision's history and in the industry's history".[79]
Activision reported sales figures for Modern Warfare 3 in the U.S. and UK being more than 6.5 million copies sold on launch day and grossed $400 million in the US and UK alone in its first 24 hours, making it the biggest entertainment launch of all time.[80] It is the third year in a row that the Call of Duty series has broken the same record. 2010's Black Ops grossed $360 million on day one; in 2009, Modern Warfare 2 brought in $310 million.[81] Activision Blizzard president and CEO Bobby Kotick stated that "the launch of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 is the biggest entertainment launch of all time in any medium, and we [Activision] achieved this record with sales from only two territories."[3]
The title grossed more than $775 million globally in its first five days of availability, exceeding the $650 million record set by 2010's Call of Duty: Black Ops and the $550 million one achieved by 2009's Modern Warfare 2.[82] To be exact, it has beaten theatrical box office, book, and video game sales records for five-day worldwide sell-through in dollars.[83]
Modern Warfare 3 went on to gross $1 billion throughout the world in 16 days of availability, beating Avatar's record of 19 days, according to Activision.[84]
According to NPD Group, Modern Warfare 3 was November's biggest-selling game of the month in the U.S. Modern Warfare 3 sales surpassed first-month sales of the 2010s Black Ops by 7 percent, and sales for November sit at around the 9 million unit mark.[85][86] In November 2013, IGN confirmed that Modern Warfare 3 sold 26.5 million copies, becoming the highest-selling game in the Call of Duty series.[87]
Modern Warfare 3 topped the UK video game sales chart in its first week, becoming the biggest video game launch in history by revenue.[88] By November 21, 2011, the game remained the bestselling title in the United Kingdom, despite sales dropping by 87%.[89] Modern Warfare 3 held the top spot on the UK charts for four weeks running.[90][91] It was replaced by The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim in its fifth week on the market.[92]
The PlayStation 3 version of Modern Warfare 3 also topped the Japanese chart in its first week on sale, shifting 180,372 copies, while the Xbox 360 version sold around 30,000.[93]
Awards
Modern Warfare 3 received the "Best Shooter" award at the 2011 Spike Video Game Awards; it was also nominated for "Best Multiplayer Game". During the 15th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, Modern Warfare 3 was awarded "Action Game of the Year" by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences; it also received nominations for outstanding achievements in "Connectivity", "Online Gameplay", and "Sound Design".[94]
Notes
- ↑ Raven Software developed the multiplayer component, single-player elements, downloadable content, and user interface of the game. Treyarch helped Raven Software with its multiplayer mode. They also ported the Wii version. Neversoft also developed the Chaos Mode for Survival Mode and helped Infinity Ward with the single player campaign.
- ↑ Suffered at the hands of Shepherd in the previous game.
- ↑ As depicted in Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare.
References
- ↑ Kato, Matthew (August 3, 2011). "Call Of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Confirmed For Wii". Game Informer. Archived from the original on October 27, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
- ↑ "Modern Warfare 3 gets two separate language versions in Japan". September 2, 2011.
- 1 2 Rose, Mike (November 11, 2011). "Modern Warfare 3 Sells 6.5M On Launch Day In North America, UK". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on November 13, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
- ↑ Macdonald, Keza (November 11, 2011). "Modern Warfare 3 Has Biggest Launch Of Anything Ever". IGN. Archived from the original on November 13, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
- ↑ Magrino, Tom (November 11, 2011). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 sets new launch records". Gamespot. Archived from the original on November 15, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
- ↑ "Modern Warfare 3 to have dedicated servers on pc". Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ↑ Crecente, Brian (June 7, 2011). "Hands On With Modern Warfare 3's Version of Horde Mode". Kotaku. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
- ↑ Schramm, Mike. "Modern Warfare 3 preview: Spec Ops Survival mode". Joystiq. Archived from the original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
- ↑ Amrich, Dan (November 4, 2011). "Some MW3 Info From The Gamespot Livestream". OneOfSwords. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- 1 2 Parkin, Simon (September 2, 2011). "Modern Warfare 3 Multiplayer Detailed". EuroGamer. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- ↑ "MW3 Rank/Unlock System Will Not Use Currency". August 11, 2011. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ↑ Eykemans, Peter (September 3, 2011). "Call of Duty XP: Modern Warfare 3's Multiplayer At A Glance". IGN. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
- 1 2 Yin-Poole, Wesly. "Angry Call of Duty Fans Are Review-Bombing the Wrong Modern Warfare 3". IGN. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
- ↑ "What is MW3 Prestige Shop". September 2, 2011. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
- ↑ No Dive To Prone in Modern Warfare 3, August 13, 2011, archived from the original on November 10, 2011, retrieved August 13, 2011
- ↑ "MW3 Q&A With Robert Bowling On Reddit". June 11, 2011. Archived from the original on June 17, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ↑ Bennett, Matthew (September 12, 2011). "Split-Screen Local and Online Multiplayer Confirmed In Modern Warfare 3". EGM. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
- ↑ Houghton, David. "Call of Duty Elite officially announced: Socially-networks your CoD, is a lot like Bungie.net but with paid-for content". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- ↑ "Content Calendar". Callofduty.com. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Face Off Mode Revealed - Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 (Xbox 360) - IGN Video". Ign.com. May 9, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
- ↑ Pigna, Kris (October 4, 2010). "Modern Warfare 3 in Development, But Hampered by Legal Dispute". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ↑ Fritz, Ben (January 20, 2011). "Activision calls in reinforcements for next Call of Duty game". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ↑ computerandvideogames.com Tom Pakinkis (February 14, 2011). "Call of Duty 8 dev targets 'bug free' game". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ↑ "needhelponatest comments on IAm Robert Bowling, Creative Strategist on Modern Warfare 3 AMA". June 10, 2011. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2011 – via Reddit.
- ↑ "MW3 with colour-blind gaming support". Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- ↑ "Modern Warfare 3: Return of Ghost rumour strengthened by OPM". Computer and Video Games. February 18, 2011. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ↑ "Modern Warfare 3 announcement coming next month — report". Computer and Video Games. March 29, 2011. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ↑ Crecente, Brian (May 13, 2011). "The Modern Warfare 3 Files: Exclusive First Details on the Biggest Game of 2011". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
- ↑ Robinson, Andy. "Modern Warfare 3: Teaser trailers explode". ComputerAndVideoGames. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ↑ Pereira, Chris (May 23, 2011). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 First Gameplay Trailer is Here". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
- ↑ Stuart, Keith (May 31, 2011). "Call of Duty Elite 'social service' revealed by Activision". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
- ↑ "MW3 Gameplay from Late Night with Jimmy Fallon". TrueAchievements.com. June 14, 2011. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
- ↑ "MW3 Spec Ops Survival Mode Trailer". August 9, 2011. Archived from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2011 – via YouTube.
- ↑ "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 – Multiplayer World Premiere". September 2, 2011. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2011 – via YouTube.
- ↑ Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Tango Down Multiplayer Trailer. September 3, 2011. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2011 – via YouTube.
- ↑ Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Redemption Single Player Trailer. October 6, 2011. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
- ↑ Official Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Launch Trailer. October 22, 2011. Archived from the original on October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011 – via YouTube.
- ↑ Ivan, Tom. "£250 Modern Warfare 3 headset announced". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on September 22, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ↑ Pakinkis, Tom. "Official Modern Warfare 3 sunglasses REVEALED". Archived from the original on November 13, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ↑ Ivan, Tom. "Modern Warfare 3 Xbox 360 console priced". ComputerAndVideoGames. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ↑ "Munitio Announces New MW3 Headphones". WeTheGamerz. September 30, 2011. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
- ↑ Cooper, Daniel (October 18, 2011). "Logitech Releases MW3 Gaming Mouse and Keyboard". Engadget. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- ↑ Lienert, Paul (September 2, 2011). "2012 Jeep Wrangler Call of Duty: MW3 Special Edition Debuts". InsideLine. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Mountain Dew Game Fuel Promotes Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3". Facebook. August 24, 2011. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
- ↑ "Mountain Dew and Doritos Double XP Rank Up". September 2, 2011. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
- ↑ "V Energy Drink (Australia) Featuring MW3 Content". Facebook. September 19, 2011. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Call of Duty: Experience". June 30, 2011. Archived from the original on July 1, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
- ↑ Crecente, Brian (November 1, 2011). "Activision Uninvites Celebrity from Modern Warfare 3 Party After Learning She's a Porn Star". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
- ↑ Good, Owen (July 16, 2011). "Activision Seeks to Sieze [sic] Nettlesome ModernWarfare3.com Domain". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
- ↑ Good, Owen (September 9, 2011). "Activision Seizes "ModernWarfare3.com" from Battlefield 3 Fanboy". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
- ↑ Crecente, Brian (November 4, 2011). "Jonah Hill, Sam Worthington Star in This Live-Action Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Ad". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
- ↑ Plunkett, Luke (October 28, 2011). "Report: Modern Warfare 3 Stolen From Shipping Company, Pirated". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- ↑ Plunkett, Luke (October 28, 2011). "Looks Like Somebody has a PS3 Copy of Modern Warfare 3 a Little Early". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- ↑ Crecente, Brian (November 3, 2011). "How to Buy a Copy of Modern Warfare 3 Today". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
- ↑ Jackson, Mike (November 6, 2011). "6000 Copies Of Modern Warfare 3 Stolen In Truck Heist". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on November 8, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
- ↑ "Man Threatens to Blow-Up the Best Buy That Ran Out of Modern Warfare 3". Kotaku. November 9, 2011. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
- ↑ "Call of Duty®: Modern Warfare® 2 and Call of Duty®: Modern Warfare® 3 available now for Mac!". www.callofduty.com. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
- ↑ "Contents of the MW3 Hardened Edition". August 31, 2011. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
- ↑ Jackson, Mike (September 18, 2011). "No MW3 Prestige Edition". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
- ↑ Pakinkis, Tom. "GC 2011: Modern Warfare 3 Intel Pack is GAME preorder exclusive". ComputerAndVideoGames. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ↑ "Limited Edition MW3 Console Announced". September 3, 2011. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- 1 2 "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 for PC Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
- 1 2 "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 for PlayStation 3 Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
- 1 2 "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 for Wii Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on December 27, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
- 1 2 "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 for Xbox 360 Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
- ↑ "Review: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3: Whether You Love or Hate It, This Shooter's Still Got It". 1UP.com. November 8, 2011. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
- 1 2 Whitehead, Dan (November 8, 2011). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 X360 Review". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
- ↑ Ryckert, Dan (August 11, 2011). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Review". Game Informer. Archived from the original on November 18, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
- 1 2 "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Review". GameSpot. November 8, 2011. Archived from the original on December 31, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
- ↑ "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Review". GameTrailers. August 11, 2011. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
- ↑ Gerstmann, Jeff (November 8, 2011). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Revie". Giant Bomb. Archived from the original on November 10, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
- 1 2 Gallegos, Anthony (November 8, 2011). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Review". IGN. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
- 1 2 Gallegos, Anthony (November 14, 2011). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Wii Review". IGN. Archived from the original on January 31, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ↑ "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Review". Joystiq. August 11, 2011. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
- ↑ Hayward, Andrew. "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Review". Official Xbox Magazine. Archived from the original on November 11, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- 1 2 Raze, Ashton (August 11, 2011). "MW3 (Xbox 360) Review Score From The Daily Telegraph". Archived from the original on November 8, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ↑ Prunty, Marcus. "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Review". Gaming Evolution. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- ↑ "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3". Retrieved November 8, 2023.
- ↑ Purchese, Robert (November 9, 2011). "MW3 Day 1 Shipments Largest In History". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on November 11, 2011. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
- ↑ Crecente, Brian (November 11, 2011). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Shatters All Sales Records". Kotaku. Archived from the original on November 13, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
- ↑ "MW3 Breaks Black Ops Launch Record". November 11, 2011. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
- ↑ Ivan, Tom (November 17, 2011). "MW3 Sets 5 Day Entertainment Sales Record". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on November 19, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
- ↑ "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 Sets New Five Day Entertainment Record". Eurogamer. November 17, 2011. Archived from the original on November 19, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 makes $1 billion--in 16 days".
- ↑ "NPD Sales Flat At 3 Billion, MW3 And Skyrim Storm Software Chart". December 9, 2011. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
- ↑ "November 2011 NPD Group US Sales Charts". December 9, 2011. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
- ↑ "Call of Duty: A Short History". IGN. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ↑ Purchese, Robert (November 14, 2011). "MW3 Topped UK video game sales charts". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on November 16, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
- ↑ "UK Top 40: MW3 Denies AC". Eurogamer. November 21, 2011. Archived from the original on November 23, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
- ↑ "UK Chart: MW3 Holds Top Spot". Computer and Video Games. November 28, 2011. Archived from the original on December 1, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
- ↑ Rose, Mike (December 5, 2011). "Fourth Consecutive Week At Top Of UK Charts For MW3". Archived from the original on December 6, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- ↑ "The Skyrim's the Limit". December 12, 2011. Archived from the original on January 8, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
- ↑ "MW3 Tops Japanese Chart". Computer and Video Games. November 24, 2011. Archived from the original on November 30, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
- ↑ "D.I.C.E. Awards By Video Game Details Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3". interactive.org. Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. Retrieved November 21, 2023.