The Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group is a United States government interagency group, which is tasked with locating, identifying, inventorying, and recommending for declassification classified U.S. records relating to Nazi German and Imperial Japanese war crimes.

The group was created by the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act (NWCDA), passed in 1998, and the Japanese Imperial Government Disclosure Act of 2000 (JIGDA). The Interagency Working Group (IWG) has declassified an estimated 8 million pages of documents from the Office of Strategic Services, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Army intelligence. The group issued three reports to Congress between 1999 and 2007.

Some of the declassified documents center on reports of the Japanese exploitation of 'comfort women' before and during World War II, and the FBI and CIA's investigations of Adolf Hitler's possible survival of the war.

History

The group was created by the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, passed in 1998,[1] and the Japanese Imperial Government Disclosure Act of 2000.[2] Between 1999 and 2016, the working group declassified and opened to the public an estimated 8 million pages of documents, including 1.2 million pages of Office of Strategic Services records, over 100,000 pages of Central Intelligence Agency files,[3] more than 350,000 pages of Federal Bureau of Investigation subject files, and nearly 300,000 pages of Army intelligence files. The IWG has issued three reports to Congress (in October 1999,[4] March 2002,[5] and April 2007),[6] and it issues news releases and occasional newsletters.[7]

On March 25, 2005, President George W. Bush signed into law legislation pushing back the group's sunset date to March 2007. Documents related to the project have been released as late as 2017.[8]

Summary

Nazi War Crimes

Documents declassified under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, which began to be released online by the early 2010s,[9] included hundreds of pages of documents compiled by the FBI and CIA in relation to the health, psychological profile, and possible whereabouts of Adolf Hitler in the unlikely event of his survival following the end of World War II.[10][11] Additional documents related to Hitler's possible survival were released in late 2017 in tandem with the release of files related to the investigation of the assassination of John F. Kennedy.[8] Earlier in 2017, excerpts from Kennedy's diary were published online revealing that he believed in mid-1945 that Hitler might have survived the end of the war in Europe.[12]

Japanese Imperial Government

Agencies were advised that particular attention should be given to locating any records related to "so-called 'comfort women' program, the Japanese systematic enslavement of women of subject populations for sexual purposes."[5][13][14] However, the IWG expressed its disappointments because the IWG uncovered and released few Asian theatre records. Thus, the IWG apologized to the Global Alliance for Preserving the History of WWII in Asia which was involved in the commencement of this project.[15]

The IWG published a report titled Researching Japanese War Crimes, Introductory Essays. In the report, the IWG analyzed the reason why comfort women documents were scarce:[16]

Licensed prostitution was legal in prewar Japan, and Allied officials viewed the small part of the overseas system they uncovered as an extension of homeland practices. Prosecuting Japanese soldiers for rape, a notorious crime everywhere the army set foot, took precedence over investigating the circumstances of "comfort women," who were seen as professional prostitutes, not as unwilling victims coerced into brothels by employees of the Japanese military.

The report further stated that this practice was not charged with criminal acts:[17]

In part to reduce local resentment against Japan and in part to prevent the spread of venereal disease among its ranks, the Japanese military contracted private vendors to set up "comfort stations" for the troops as early as 1932. Again, this practice was known to the Allies but no criminal charges were filed at the trials.

There was one exception, for an offense occurring in the Dutch East Indies.[18]

Research cost and scale

As of 2007, the IWG estimated that the implementation of the two Disclosure Acts costed $30 million.[19] From a total of 620 million pages, U.S. Government agencies screened over 100 million pages for relevance under the NWCDA and screened over 17 million pages under the JIGDA. Only a small percentage of these screened pages were found to be responsive to the Disclosure Acts: nearly 8.5 million pages of documents were relevant to the NWCDA, and over 142,000 pages were relevant to the JIGDA.[20]

Membership

The members of the group are appointed by the president. Members include:

References

  1. ↑ "Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. August 15, 2016.
  2. ↑ "Japanese Imperial Government Disclosure Act of 2000". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. December 6, 2000.
  3. ↑ "Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  4. ↑ IWG 1999
  5. 1 2 IWG 2002
  6. ↑ "Final Report to the United States Congress" (PDF). NARA. April 2007.
  7. ↑ "The Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. August 15, 2016.
  8. 1 2 CBS staff (November 1, 2017). "JFK docs show CIA heard rumor that Adolf Hitler escaped to South America". CBS News. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  9. ↑ Wayback Machine (April 10, 2011). "FBI – Adolf Hitler". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  10. ↑ CIA staff (2013), Advanced Search: Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, CIA FOIA, archived from the original on January 8, 2019, retrieved July 10, 2019
  11. ↑ Magness, Josh (October 31, 2017). "Hitler may have escaped Germany for South America, say CIA memos from the JFK files". Miami Herald. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  12. ↑ McIntyre, Niamh (March 25, 2017). "JFK thought Hitler could have survived Second World War, his diary reveals". The Independent. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  13. ↑ "米政府の慰安婦問題調査で「奴隷化」の証拠発見されず ... 日本側の主張の強力な後押しに" [The evidence of "Sexual Slavery" could not be found by the U.S. government research on comfort women]. Sankei Shimbun. November 27, 2014.
  14. ↑ "U.S. describes 'comfort women' as Japan's systematic enslavement of women". Yonhap News Agency. March 25, 2014.
  15. ↑ IWG 2007, p. xii
  16. ↑ IWG 2006, p. 15
  17. ↑ IWG 2006, p. 39
  18. ↑ IWG 2006, p. 40
  19. ↑ IWG 2007, p. 2
  20. ↑ IWG 2007, p. 43

Primary sources

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