New South Wales AD60 class
6012 at the top of Cowan Bank
Type and origin Power type Steam Builder Beyer, Peacock & Company Manchester Serial number 7473–7497, 7528–7549 Build date 1952–1954, 1956 Total produced 42
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-8-4+4-8-4 Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge Driver dia. 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) Length 108 ft 7 in (33.096 m) Adhesive weight 282,000 lb (128,000 kg) later 317,000 lb (144,000 kg) Loco weight 562,000 lb (255,000 kg) later 582,000 lb (264,000 kg) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 14 long tons (14.2 tonnes; 15.7 short tons) later 18 long tons (18.3 tonnes; 20.2 short tons) Firebox: ​  • Grate area 65 sq ft (6.0 m2) Boiler pressure 200 psi (1.38 MPa) Heating surface 3,030 sq ft (281 m2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 750 sq ft (70 m2) Cylinders 4 Cylinder size 19.25 in × 26 in (489 mm × 660 mm) later 19.875 in × 26 in (505 mm × 660 mm) Valve gear Walschaerts
Performance figures Tractive effort 59,560 lbf (264.9 kN) later 63,490 lbf (282.4 kN) Factor of adh. 4.73 or 4.99
Career Operators New South Wales Government Railways Class AD60 Number in class 42 Numbers 6001–6042 First run July 1952 Last run March 1973 Preserved 6029, 6039, 6040, 6042 Disposition 4 preserved, 38 scrapped

The New South Wales AD60 class were Beyer-Garratt patent articulated four-cylinder, simple, non-condensing, coal-fired superheated, 4-8-4+4-8-4 heavy goods steam locomotives built by Beyer, Peacock & Company for the New South Wales Government Railways in Australia.

Design

The AD60 Class 4-8-4+4-8-4 Beyer-Garratt patent consists of a boiler carried on a separate frame in the centre of the locomotive and supported by the frames of the two engines, one at each end. The locomotive thus consists of three parts: a front engine unit carrying a water tank, an intermediate chassis pivoted to each engine unit supporting a boiler and cab, and a rear engine unit carrying a coal bunker and water tank. The standard gauge coupled axle loading of 16 long tons (16.3 t; 17.9 short tons) and able to negotiate 6-chain (120 m) curves.

The design incorporated the most modern technology to minimise maintenance and repairs, including:

• integral cast steel engine bed frames incorporating the cylinders
• large steel boiler with roundtop firebox and flexible stays
• mechanical stoker
• roller bearings fitted to bogie, coupled wheels and crankpins
• valve gear operated by Hadfield powered reversing gear

Introduction

This was the only type of Garratt locomotive to operate on the New South Wales Government Railways. Designed to a light axle load of only 16 long tons (16.3 t; 17.9 short tons), they were intended for hauling feeder branch-line services to the main lines where heavier main-line locomotives could continue with the load.^[1][2][3]

In 1949, twenty-five were ordered from Beyer, Peacock & Company, followed by a further twenty-five.^[4][5] Following a change of policy in favour of diesel traction, negotiations were entered into, in order to cancel the last part of the order. Forty-two complete locomotives were delivered, together with spare parts equating to approximately five further locomotives.^[6] The five sets of parts did not include engine unit frames. The cancellation contract stipulated that the NSWGR could not assemble the spare parts into complete locomotives without paying substantial royalties to Beyer-Peacock. The last three locomotives were cancelled completely and the assembly positions at the Gorton Works of Beyer-Peacock were sold to the South African Railways.

The locomotives were delivered in their five major component pieces: Front engine, rear engine, boiler-cab, rear bunker and front water tank. These five sub assemblies were built into a complete locomotive in NSW.

Locomotive 6002 was the first to enter service in July 1952 with the last, 6040 delivered on 2 January 1957.^[1][3][7] The locomotives were the most powerful to operate in Australia but behind the D57 in terms of tractive effort.^[8]

Improvements

Early trials established that the 14-long-ton (14.2 t; 15.7-short-ton) bunker was insufficient to allow the locomotives to operate from Enfield to Goulburn resulting in the bunkers being enlarged to carry 18 long tons (18 t; 20 short tons). Ventilation of the cabs caused considerable concern. Consequently, the class was banned from working through single-line tunnels, this ban also being in response to the difficulty crews would have climbing out in the event of failure within such tunnels. Amongst attempts to improve cab ventilation, 6011 was experimentally fitted in September 1952 with a large tube along the front bunker and boiler to funnel air from the front of the locomotive into the cab. It was unsuccessful and was removed in 1955. Some improvement was obtained by running the locomotives bunker first.^[3]

Owing to the length and noise of the locomotive, crews found difficulty in hearing warning detonators. To rectify the situation, tubes were fitted to convey the sound from the leading wheels to the cab. This mechanism can still be seen today on 6040 at the NSW Rail Museum.^[3]

When it became apparent that the Garratts would see more service on main lines than on the lighter branch lines, it was decided to increase the tractive effort of a number of the class by enlarging the cylinder diameter and by altering the weight distribution by removing liners from the bogies. This increased the axleload on each of the driving wheels by approximately 2 long tons (2.0 t; 2.2 short tons) with 30 locomotives treated. To distinguish these improvements the double plus sign ++ was painted after the number and they were nicknamed Super Garratts.^[9] These 30 were also fitted with dual controls for bunker first running and denoted DC. To accommodate them, 105-foot (32 m) turntables were installed at Broadmeadow, Enfield and Werris Creek depots.^[3]

Operation

The class initially entered service on the Main North and Main South and later Main Western line as far as Dubbo and Parkes. Because of their light axle load they were cleared to operate on the Crookwell, Captains Flat, Temora, Narrandera and Bourke lines.^[1]

Typical workings in the mid 1960s would consist of bulk export coal and general goods movements :

Demise & preservation

6012 was the first of the class to be withdrawn in February 1956. It had always been a rough rider after being dropped.^[10] The next few to be withdrawn suffered accident damage in major collisions in 1961 (6003 Geurie) and 1963 (6028 Glenlee - rebuilt and returned to service by 1965). In September 1968, one more was built as 6042 with power units from 6010, the boiler cradle from unassembled 6043, the front tank from 6039 and the tender from 6021.^[10]

Dieselisation accounted for the gradual withdrawal of the other 39 of the class from 1965. The last withdrawn was 6042 which operated the final New South Wales Government Railways steam service on 22 February 1973. Shortly after, it was chosen to work the ceremonial Last Steam Train from Newcastle to Broadmeadow on 2 March 1973, where it was ceremonially driven through a celebratory banner by Transport Minister Milton Morris.

References

External links

Media related to New South Wales AD60 class locomotives at Wikimedia Commons