Surgeon General of the
United States Army
Army Staff Identification Badge
Flag of the Surgeon General of the Army, depicting the caduceus
Incumbent
LTG R. Scott Dingle
since October 17, 2019
AbbreviationTSG
Reports to
SeatThe Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia, United States
AppointerThe President
with United States Senate's
advice and consent
Term length4 years
Constituting instrument10 U.S.C. § 3036
FormationMarch 13, 1813 (1813-03-13)
First holderBenjamin Church, Jr.
DeputyDeputy Surgeon General of the Army
WebsiteArmy.mil/ArmyMedicine

The Surgeon General of the United States Army is the senior-most officer of the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD). By policy, the Surgeon General (TSG) serves as Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) as well as head of the AMEDD. The surgeon general's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) and are located in Falls Church, Virginia.

Since 1959, TSG has been appointed in the grade of lieutenant general. By law, TSG may be appointed from any of the six officer branches of the AMEDD. However, prior to the 43rd Surgeon General, Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho — an Army Nurse Corps officer — all appointed and confirmed surgeons general have been Medical Corps officers — military physicians. The incumbent Surgeon General is medical administrator Lieutenant General R. Scott Dingle, a Medical Service Corps officer.[1] The 44th Army Surgeon LTG Nadja West retired on July 19, 2019.

Duties

As a commanding general, TSG provides advice and assistance to the Chief of Staff, Army (CSA) and to the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) on all health care matters pertaining to the U.S. Army and its military health care system. The incumbent is responsible for development, policy direction, organization and overall management of an integrated Army-wide health service system and is the medical materiel developer for the Army. These duties include formulating policy regulations on health service support, health hazard assessment and the establishment of health standards. TSG is assisted by the Deputy Surgeon General.

History

Congress established the Medical Service of the Continental Army on July 27, 1775, and placed a "Chief physician & director general" of the Continental Army as its head. The first five surgeons general of the U.S. Army served under this title. An Act of Congress of May 28, 1789, established a "Physician general" of the U.S. Army. Only two physicians, doctors Richard Allison and James Craik, served under this nomenclature. A Congressional Act of March 3, 1813, cited the "Physician & surgeon general" of the U.S. Army. That nomenclature remained in place until the Medical Department was established by the Reorganization Act of April 14, 1818. Additionally, physicians assigned to the U.S. Army were not accorded military rank until 1847.

Surgeons General of the U.S. Army and their precursors

Incumbents from July 27, 1775 — including periods of vacancy
No. Image Name Dates of Tenure Military Rank
1 Benjamin Church, Jr. July 27, 1775October 16, 1775 None
2 John Morgan October 16, 1775January 1777 None
3 William Shippen, Jr. April 11, 1777January 17, 1781 None
4 John Cochran January 17, 17811783 None
    17831792  
5 Richard Allison 17921796 None
    1796August 1, 1798  
6 James Craik August 1, 1798June 15, 1800 None
    June 15, 1800June 11, 1813  
7 James Tilton June 11, 1813June 15, 1815 None
    June 15, 1815April 18, 1818  
8 Joseph Lovell April 18, 1818October 17, 1836 None
9 Thomas Lawson October 17, 1836May 15, 1861 Brevet Brigadier General
10 Clement Finley May 15, 1861April 28, 1862 Brigadier General
11 William A. Hammond April 28, 1862August 18, 1864 Brigadier General
12 Joseph Barnes August 18, 1864June 30, 1882 Brigadier General
    June 30, 1882July 3, 1882  
13 Charles H. Crane July 3, 1882October 10, 1883 Brigadier General
14 Robert Murray October 10, 1883August 6, 1886 Brigadier General
    August 6, 1886November 18, 1886  
15 John Moore November 18, 188616 August 1890 Brigadier General
16 Jedediah Hyde Baxter August 16, 1890December 4, 1890 Brigadier General
    December 4, 1890December 23, 1890  
17 Charles Sutherland December 23, 1890May 30, 1893 Brigadier General
18 George Miller Sternberg May 30, 1893 June 8, 1902 Brigadier General
19 William H. Forwood June 8, 1902 September 7, 1902 Brigadier General
20 Robert Maitland O'Reilly September 7, 1902January 14, 1909 Brigadier General
21 George H. Torney January 14, 1909December 27, 1913 Brigadier General
22 William C. Gorgas January 19141918 Major General
23 Merritte W. Ireland October 4, 1918May 31, 1931 Major General
24 Robert U. Patterson 19311935 Major General
25 Charles R. Reynolds 19351939 Major General
26 James C. Magee June 1, 1939May 31, 1943 Major General
27 Norman T. Kirk 19431947 Major General
28 Raymond W. Bliss 19471951 Major General
29 George E. Armstrong 19511955 Major General
30 Silas B. Hays 1955June 1959 Major General
31 Leonard D. Heaton June 19591969 Lieutenant General
32 Hal B. Jennings October 10, 1969October 1, 1973 Lieutenant General
33 Richard R. Taylor October 1, 1973October 1, 1977 Lieutenant General
34 Charles C. Pixley October 1, 1977 September 20, 1981 Lieutenant General
35 Bernhard T. Mittemeyer October 1, 1981February 1, 1985 Lieutenant General
36 Quinn H. Becker February 1, 1985May 31, 1988[2] Lieutenant General
37 Frank F. Ledford Jr. June 1, 1988June 30, 1992[2] Lieutenant General
38 Alcide M. Lanoue September 8, 1992September 30, 1996[2] Lieutenant General
39 Ronald R. Blanck October 1, 1996 September 22, 2000[2] Lieutenant General
40 James Peake September 22, 2000 July 8, 2004 Lieutenant General
    July 8, 2004 September 30, 2004  
41 Kevin C. Kiley September 30, 2004March 12, 2007 Lieutenant General (retired as Major General)
    March 12, 2007December 11, 2007  
42 Eric Schoomaker December 11, 2007December 5, 2011 Lieutenant General
43 Patricia Horoho December 5, 2011December 3, 2015 Lieutenant General
    December 3, 2015December 11, 2015  
44 Nadja West December 11, 2015July 19, 2019 Lieutenant General
    July 19, 2019October 17, 2019  
45 R. Scott Dingle October 17, 2019present Lieutenant General

Agencies, centers, offices, and programs within the OTSG

See also

Library and Museum of the OTSG, Washington, D.C.; Hand-colored photo, 1887.

Further reading

  • Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army: from its organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/mdp.39015008097027. LCCN 03023852. OCLC 558132723.
  • Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army: from its organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/mdp.39015008097035. OCLC 1062849539.

References and notes

  • Heitman, Francis B. (1903), Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, from Its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903; Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 2 vol. (Vol. 1, pp 41–42 details the Medical Department.)




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