The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe is an encyclopedic guide which details the fictional universe featured in Marvel Comics publications. The original 15-volume series was published in comic book format in 1982, followed by sporadic updates.

Origin

Jim Shooter, Marvel's then editor-in-chief, conceived of the idea,[1] envisioning a guide detailing statistics much in the manner of those found upon the backs of baseball cards.[2] This initial project was to be called The Marvel Super-Specifications Handbook (the eventual title incorporating the term "Marvel Universe" was appropriated from Al Milgrom, who had used it as a working title for the anthology series Marvel Fanfare).[1] Shooter appointed Mark Gruenwald editor of the project, and Gruenwald developed the project to include all aspects of the Marvel Universe, although he noted it was not comprehensive. In addition to Gruenwald, contributing writers on the initial volume were Marvel editors Mike Carlin, Eliot R. Brown,[1] and Peter Sanderson.[2] Josef Rubinstein was brought on by Gruenwald to be the sole inker of the entire 20-year project because he felt Rubinstein was best able to make the characters easily recognizable and to subvert his own style to that of the handbook's various pencillers.[3]

Critics of the Handbook have argued that the level of detail within the guide effectively limited the ability of writers to innovate, a charge Gruenwald dismissed, reputedly stating that the information presented was only the most recent data and was subject to change.[4] Sanderson, one of the writers of the original guide, noted that "Mark sought to make the Marvel characters' super-powers as firm a basis in real science as possible. After the first version of the Handbook, Mark decided that some of the explanations had grown too complicated, and asked me to simplify them."

The OHOTMU detailed the more significant characters, items and locations in the Marvel Universe, itemizing them into individual entries. Individual entries usually consisted of:

  • A frontal full-body view of the character.
  • Prose text describing the character's origin, powers, and other abilities and unique traits, as well as "statistics" such as place of birth, former aliases, height, weight, hair and eye color and so forth. The original edition opted only to describe the "origins" of characters (how they acquired their powers), instead focusing heavily on detailed explanations for how those powers functioned. In the Book of the Dead supplement, however, the handbook provided entire "histories" for the deceased characters, a trend which was then adopted for the main body of the Deluxe Edition, allowing the entire life and career of the characters to be covered. Major important pieces of equipment were also given technical illustrations with breakdowns of their functions and features.
  • Example images of the character in action, taken directly from the comics themselves.

In the original, characters were listed at one character to a page, although minor characters were sometimes listed at two to a page and major characters would occasionally receive more than one page. In the Deluxe Edition, however, every character received at least one page, with significant characters receiving up to 3-5 pages. Both editions had wraparound covers that could be linked together to form a giant poster. In the late 1980s, a poster made up of the first twelve issues of the original Handbook was released. For the poster, several characters were added and others received up-to-date looks.

In the Master Edition (1990–1993) this changed and every character was allocated a double-sided loose leaf page. Later versions allocate characters different lengths of entry depending on their history and importance.

Publication history

There have been several versions of the concept since it was first published in 1982:

  • 1982-1984: a 15-issue series. Issues #13-14 are titled the Book of the Dead and Inactive, featuring characters and groups who were, at the time, believed dead or inactive. Issue #15 is titled the Book of Weapons, Hardware, and Paraphernalia, featuring technical drawings of equipment such as Captain America's shield and Spider-Man's web shooters. One issue of the series (#9) can be seen in the movie Explorers.
  • 1985-1988: a 20-issue Deluxe Edition is published; technical drawings of equipment are incorporated into individual characters' entries. Although numerous entries reference an Appendix, the Deluxe Edition Appendix is not published. This run was also collected in trade paperback format, in a series of 10 128-page volumes. The trade edition also feature updates of many characters. Supplements for licensed properties are published, including Conan the Barbarian, G.I. Joe, and the Transformers.
  • 1989: An additional eight-issue supplement to the Deluxe Edition, denoted Update '89 on the cover, is published. This series covers primarily new characters and is notable for including numerous non-superhumans. This series also sported wraparound covers but, unlike previous versions, these did not link together.
  • 1990-1993: A 36-issue Master Edition series is published, with each issue a shrink-wrapped pack of loose-leaf pages. A three-ring vinyl binder was also released for the pages to be inserted into.
  • 2004-2005: Themed one-shot supplements are published, such as Official Handbook to the Marvel Universe: X-Men 2004. Other entries in this themed, subtitled series include Spider-Man 2004; Avengers 2004; Hulk 2004; Daredevil 2004; Wolverine 2004; Golden Age 2004; Women of Marvel 2005 and Avengers 2005.
  • 2006: A new 12-issue series, the All-New OHOTMU A-Z, was published featuring new characters. A series of themed one-shot issues was also published in the same style as the 2004-2005 books, including Civil War Files which tied in with Marvel's Civil War crossover series. The original Handbook, original 20-issue Deluxe Edition, and the Update '89 edition were also reprinted in five Essential volumes.
  • 2007: Four A-Z Update issues, six themed issues (including World War Hulk: Gamma Files and X-Men: Messiah Complex - Mutant Files) and the first issue of the Marvel Atlas are published.
  • 2008: All material from 2004-2007 is updated and printed in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z Premiere HC set, divided into 14 volumes (each containing 240 pages). The second issue of the Marvel Atlas is published. Other publications included Ultimate Secrets, All-New Iron Manual, Secret Invasion: Skrulls!, and Amazing Spider-Man: Brand New Day Yearbook.
  • 2009: The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z Premiere HC set continued publication. A sister project to the Handbook, the Official Index to the Marvel Universe monthly series, began publication in January. Other forthcoming titles include Dark Reign Files and Wolverine: Weapon X Files.

Bibliography of Official Handbook series

The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol. I

Original Series #1 - 15 (Marvel Comics, January 1983 - May 1984)
#TitleMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
1A from Abomination to Avengers QuinjetJanuary 198334$1.00
2B - C from Baron Mordo to Collective ManFebruary 198334$1.00
3C - D from Collector to DraculaMarch 198334$1.00
4D - G from Dragon Man to Gypsy MothApril 198334$1.00
5H - J from Hangman to JuggernautMay 198334$1.00
6K - M from Kang to Man-BullJune 198334$1.00
7M from Mandarin to MystiqueJuly 198334$1.00
8N - P from Namorita to PyroAugust 198334$1.00
9Q - S from Quasar to She-HulkSeptember 198334$1.00
10S from Shi'ar to Sub-MarinerOctober 198334$1.00
11S - U from Subterraneans to Ursa MajorNovember 198334$1.00
12V - Z from Valkyrie to ZzzaxDecember 198334$1.00
13Book of the Dead and Inactive I: Air-Walker to Man-WolfFebruary 198434$1.00
14Book of the Dead and Inactive II: Marvel Boy to ZurasMarch 198434$1.00
15Book of Weapons, Hardware, and ParaphernaliaApril 198434$1.00
Reprint Essential OHOTMU (trade paperback, B/W) #1 (Marvel Comics, January 2006)
#InfoISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
1Abomination to Zzzax
Book of the Dead and Inactive: Air-Walker to Zuras
Book of Weapons, Hardware, and Paraphernalia
ISBN 0-7851-1933-7January 2006544$16.99

The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol. II (Deluxe Edition)

Original Series #1 - 20 and Update '89 #1 - 8 (Marvel Comics, December 1985 - December 1989)
Series # Info Month of publ. Pages Orig. price
Original1Abomination to Batroc's BrigadeDecember 198564$1.50
2Beast to CleaJanuary 198664$1.50
3Cloak to Doctor OctopusFebruary 198664$1.50
4Doctor Strange to Galactus' HeraldsMarch 198664$1.50
5Gardener to HulkbustersApril 198664$1.50
6Human Torch to Ka-ZarMay 198664$1.50
7Khoryphos to MagnetoJune 198664$1.50
8Magus to Mole ManJuly 198664$1.50
9Molecule Man to OwlAugust 198664$1.50
10Paladin to RhinoSeptember 198664$1.50
11Richard Rider to SidewinderOctober 198664$1.50
12Sif to SunspotNovember 198664$1.50
13Super-Adaptoid to UmarDecember 198664$1.50
14Unicorn to WolverineJanuary 198764$1.50
15Wonder Man to Zzzax plus Appendix: Alien RacesMarch 198764$1.50
16Book of the Dead: Air-Walker to Death-StalkerJune 198764$1.50
17Book of the Dead: Destiny to HobgoblinAugust 198764$1.50
18Book of the Dead: Hyperion to NighthawkOctober 198764$1.50
19Book of the Dead: Nuke to Obadiah StaneDecember 198764$1.50
20Book of the Dead: Stick to ZurasFebruary 198864$1.50
Update '891Adversary to ChameleonJuly 198948$1.50
2Champion of the Universe to EcstasyAugust 198948$1.50
3Eon to HulkSeptember 198948$1.50
4Human Torch to ManikinOctober 198948$1.50
5Marauders to Power PrincessNovember 198948$1.50
6Prowler to Serpent SocietyLate November 198948$1.50
7Set to TyrakDecember 198948$1.50
8U-Man to Madelyne PryorLate December 198948$1.50
Reprints (trade paperback) (Marvel Comics, September 1990 - November 1993 and 2006)
Series # Info ISBNMonth of publ. Pages Orig. price
Original (trade paperback)1Abomination to Circus of CrimeISBN 0-87135-208-7September 1990128$7.95
2Clea to GaeaISBN 0-87135-209-5November 1990128$7.95
3Galactus to KangISBN 0-87135-210-9October 1991128$7.95
4Karkas to Mister FantasticISBN 0-87135-211-7October 1991128$7.95
5Mister Fear to QuicksilverISBN 0-87135-212-5February 1992128$7.95
6Radioactive Man to Stilt-ManISBN 0-87135-213-3October 1992128$7.95
7Stingray to WendigoISBN 0-87135-214-1November 1992128$7.95
8Werewolf to Zzzax
Book of the Dead: Air-Walker to Dorcas, Dr. Lemuel
ISBN 0-87135-215-XOctober 1992128$7.95
9Book of the Dead: Dorma to PatriotISBN 0-87135-353-9November 1993128$7.95
10Book of the Dead: Phantom Eagle to ZurasISBN 0-87135-366-0November 1992128$7.95
contains material from the original series (without Update '89)
Essential (trade paperback, B/W)1Abomination to MagnetoISBN 0-7851-1934-5March 2006480$16.99
2Magus to WolverineISBN 0-7851-1935-3June 2006480$16.99
3Wonder Man to Zzzax plus Appendix: Alien Races
Book of the Dead: Air-Walker to Zuras
ISBN 0-7851-1936-1July 2006424$16.99
4Update '89: Adversary to Madelyne PryorISBN 0-7851-1937-XDecember 2006448$16.99

The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol. III (Master Edition)

Original Series #1 - 36 (Marvel Comics, December 1990 - November 1993)
#Info[5]Month of publ.SheetsOrig. price
1Model sheets: Anaconda, Blue Shield, Corsair, Counterweight, Dormammu, Foxfire, Gorgon, Agatha Harkness, Juggernaut, Llyra, Midnight Sun, MODAM, Moonboy, Nebulon, Oneg the Prober, Puck, Ronan the Accuser, Spider-Man, Starfox, Stranger, Trickshot, Typhoid, Watchdogs, ZurasDecember 199024$3.95
2Model sheets: Awesome Android, Ulysses Bloodstone, Captain America, Destiny, Doctor Octopus, Eel, Forge, Grey Gargoyle, Howard the Duck, ISAAC, Kubik, Leader, Moonstone, Mother Night, Nitro, Orka, Plantman, Quicksilver, Rock Python, Scorpio, Sise-Neg, Triton, Volcana, Water WizardJanuary 199124$3.95
3Model sheets: A.I.M., Baron Mordo, Big Bertha, Cable, Diamondback II, Electro, Firelord, Gargantua, Ghost Rider VI, Heimdall, Ka-Zar, Man-Ape, Mister Fantastic, Morgan le Fay, Naga, Porcupine, Razorback, Shocker, Sunder, Thunderbird, Venus, Whizzer, Wrecker, ZaranFebruary 199124$3.95
4Model sheets: Apocalypse, Baron Zemo II, Blastaar, Carrion, Devastator, Dr. Minerva, Executioner, Grim Reaper, Hammer, King Cobra, Living Mummy, Madame Web, Malekith the Accursed, Mister Jip, Nikki, Puppet Master, Red Raven, Shadowcat, Shape, Texas Twister, U-Man, Vector, Wolverine, Ziran the TesterMarch 199124$3.95
5Model sheets: Abomination, Blizzard, Boomerang, Captain Marvel I, Crimson Dynamo V, Dagger, Doctor Malus, Eternity, Fandral the Dashing, Guardian II, In-Betweener, Knickknack, Magma, Man-Thing, Mesmero, Nighthawk I, Owl, Punisher, Quasimodo, Sleeper, Speed Demon, Titania II, Vulture, WizardApril 199124$3.95
6Model sheets: Astronomer, Bullseye, Cannonball, Copperhead III, Darkoth, Fixer, Gatecrasher, Hela, Hobgoblin II-IV, Immortus, Leir, Mirage I, Mister Sinister, Mordred the Evil, Nomad III, One Above All, Professor Power, Rintrah, She-Hulk, Starlight, Thin Man, Ursa Major, Vertigo, WhirlwindMay 199124$3.95
7Model sheets: Armadillo, Barbarus, Black Knight III, Callisto, Cypher, Daredevil, Egghead, Firestar, Goldbug, Hangman, Jack Frost, Karnilla, Lizard, Magneto, Marvel Boy I, Mercurio, Nova II, Psycho-Man, Red Ronin, Shaper of Worlds, Slug, Stilt-Man, Ulik, ValkinJune 199124$3.95
8Model sheets: Attuma, Blacklash, Captain Ultra, Colossus, Devil Dinosaur, Dragon Man, Elektra, Gladiator II, Hulk, Jackal, Kang, Lamprey, Machete, Makkari, Manslaughter, Nighthawk II, Piledriver, Quicksand, Shang-Chi, Spider-Woman I, Supreme Intelligence, Tyrannus, Viper II, WoodgodJuly 199124$3.95
9Model sheets: Air-Walker, Black Panther, Brother Tode, Chameleon, Doc Samson, Ego, Firebird, Gremlin II, Hyperion, Isis, Lightspeed, Machinesmith, Moon Knight, Over-Mind, Phantom Eagle, Rocket Raccoon, Scarlet Witch, Silver Dagger, Skids, Taskmaster, Vidar, Colleen Wing, Xemnu, ZarekAugust 199124$3.95
10Model sheets: Ajak, Black Talon I & II, Blob, Captain Britain, Constrictor, Doctor Faustus, Grandmaster, Hercules, Jigsaw, Misty Knight, Llan the Sorcerer, Mad Thinker, Miss America, N'astirh, Odin, Poundcakes, Red Ghost, Seth, Siryn, Thanos, Umar, Venom, Wong, X-RaySeptember 199124$3.95
11Model sheets: Ares, Balor, Cloak, Crucible, Death Adder, Gilgamesh, Hydro-Man, Impossible Man, Jocasta, Kronos, Lupo, Master Order, Multiple Man, Nezarr the Calculator, Oddball, Power Princess, Rocket Racer, Spider-Woman II, Storm, Tana Nile, Tinkerer, Vanguard, White Tiger, Yellow ClawOctober 199124$3.95
12Model sheets: Aguila, Andromeda, Black Cat, Centurius, Crossbones, D'Spayre, Frenzy, Goliath III, Helio, Jack of Hearts, Karnak, Loki, Melter, Mister Hyde, Nightcrawler, Piper, Puff Adder, Runner, Satannish, Silver Surfer, Spitfire, Taurus, Uni-Mind, Whiplash IINovember 199124$3.95
13Model Sheets: Arabian Knight, Blood Brothers, Bullet, Contemplator, Diablo, Dreadknight, Fer-de-Lance, High Evolutionary, Iceman, Mad Dog, Master, Mysterio, Northstar, Phoenix I, Quasar, Ringmaster, Shroud, Surtur, Thundra, Tiger Shark, ULTIMATUM, Werewolf
Action Sheet: Spider-Man / Team Action Sheet: Fantastic Four
December 199124$4.50
14Model sheets: Annihilus, Beast, Black Knight II, Champion of the Universe, Darkstar, Eon, Gargoyle II, Jetstream, Kurse, Mentor, Modred the Mystic, Mongoose, Namorita, Prowler, Rhino, Sidewinder, Sphinx I, Super Sabre, Thor, Tombstone, Wendigo
Action Sheets: Captain America, Spider-Man (Web-Shooters) / Team Action Sheet: Fantastic Four (Replacements)
January 199224$4.50
15Model sheets: Ant-Man II, Brothers Grimm II, Bushwacker, Charlie-27, Crystal, Deathurge, Frankenstein's Monster, Garokk the Petrified Man, Guardsman, Hate-Monger I, Iron Man, Killer Shrike, Mangog, Moonglow, Omega, Princess Python, Rogue, Sandman, Saturnyne, Space Phantom, Tyr, Adam Warlock
Action Sheet: Ghost Rider / Team Action Sheet: Avengers (First Line-Up)
February 199224$4.50
16Model sheets: Absorbing Man, Baron Strucker, Cyclops, Darkhawk, Force, Graviton, Hawkeye, Jemiah the Analyzer, Kofi, Lava Men, Martinex, Midas I, Mole Man, Pluto, Sabretooth, Spymaster, Stallior, Tatterdemalion, Vamp, Yellowjacket II, Zzzax
Action Sheet: Wolverine / Team Action Sheet: Avengers (Second Line-Up)
March 199223$4.50
17Model sheets: 3-D Man, Ancient One, Black Queen, Brother Voodoo, Count Nefaria, Death-Stalker, Eson the Searcher, Glob, Havok, Kingpin, Lady Deathstrike, Maelstrom, MODOK, Namor, Paladin, Red Guardian II & V, Sasquatch, Scorpion, Thunderball, Vishanti, Worm
Action Sheet: Punisher / Team Action Sheet: Avengers (Third Line-Up)
April 199223$4.50
18Model sheets: Arishem the Judge, Beetle, Bulldozer, Clea, Demolition-Man, Fang, Ghaur, Hogun the Grim, Ironclad, Kangaroo, Lucifer, Madcap, Moondragon, Nebula, Professor X, Razor-Fist, Nicholas Scratch, Spirit of '76, Thing, Wolfsbane, Zaladane
Action Sheet: She-Hulk / Team Action Sheet: Avengers (Fourth Line-Up)
May 199223$4.50
19Model sheets: Apollo, Battle Star, Ch'od, Dr. Demonicus, Earth-Lord, Gamora, Iron Monger, Rick Jones, Major Victory, Mandarin, Marrina, Nova I, Oracle, Ringer, Satana, Shatterstar II, Tom Thumb, Ultimus, White Bishop, Zodiac I, Zodiac II
Action Sheet: Daredevil / Team Action Sheet: Avengers (Fifth Line-Up)
June 199223$4.50
20Model sheets: Archangel, Baron Blood I, Black Knight I, Captain Atlas, Controller, Doctor Doom, Enchantress, Flag-Smasher, Ghost, Korvac, Lilandra, Maha Yogi, Maximus, Nuke, Quantum, Redstone, Sabra, Silvermane, Unicorn I, Wasp, Wolverine (original costume), Zarrko the Tomorrow Man
Team Action Sheet: Avengers (Sixth Line-Up)
July 199223$4.50
21Model sheets: Aquarian, Banshee, Bi-Beast, Crossfire, Dakimh the Enchanter, Dominic Fortune, Gambit, Haywire, Invisible Woman, Jester, Karkas, Living Laser, Mantis, Master Man, Occult, Power Broker, Red Wolf III, Speedball, Swordsman I, Thena, Thor, Uatu the Watcher, Will o' the WispAugust 199223$4.50
22Model sheets: Arcade, Black Bolt, Bushmaster, Crimson Commando, Diamond Lil, Doctor Nightshade, Nick Fury, Gammenon the Gatherer, Hermes, Kismet, Madame Masque, Merlin, Phantom Rider IV, Screaming Mimi, Silver Sable, Slither, Starbolt, Terrax, Ultron, Volstagg, Whizzer II, Yondu
Team Action Sheet: Avengers (Seventh Line-Up)
September 199223$4.50
23Model sheets: Arkon, Batroc the Leaper, Blonde Phantom, Cage, Chthon, Collector, Dr. Spectrum, Falcon, Glorian, Hammerhead, It the Living Colossus, Krang, Left-Winger, Mockingbird, Psylocke, Radioactive Man, Sauron, Silhouette, Supremor, Tarantula I & II, Unus, Vermin
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (First Line-Up)
October 199223$4.50
24Model sheets: Ape-Man, John Blaze, Byrrah, Chemistro I-III, Cyclone, Deathbird, Drax the Destroyer, Gladiator I, Horus, Human Torch II, Iron Fist, Jubilee, Klaw, Machine Man, Medusa, Phoenix III, Prester John, Red Skull, Stingray, Terminatrix, Trump, Zeus
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (Second Line-Up)
November 199223$4.50
25Model sheets: Black Widow II, Bucky I & II, Cottonmouth, Deadpool, Fin Fang Foom, Guardian I, Hepzibah, Infinity, Hannibal King, Mirage II, Mister Fear, Night Thrasher, Osiris, Peregrine, Quagmire, Rama-Tut, Silver Samurai, Stellaris, Strong Guy, Terminus, Vibro, Wind Warrior
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (Third Line-Up)
December 199223$4.50
26Model sheets: Aginar, Belasco, Boomer, Caber, Chondu the Mystic, Doctor Druid, Foreigner, Jean Grey, Halflife I, Ikaris, Jarella, Lockjaw, Molten Man, Mystique, Neptune, Orb, Psyklop, Rattler, Stryfe, Super-Skrull, Titan, Windshear
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (Fourth Line-Up)
January 199323$4.50
27Model sheets: Anvil, Asp II, Bengal, Beta Ray Bill, Cat-Man, Deathlok I, Devos the Devastator, Electron, Foolkiller, Giant-Man II, Green Goblin, HYDRA, Jack O'Lantern II, Korath the Pursuer, Marauders, Master Pandemonium, Needle, Pip the Troll, Raza, Snowbird, Toad, Wyatt Wingfoot
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (Fifth Line-Up)
February 199323$4.50
28Model sheets: Aron the Rogue Watcher, Black Crow, Blade, Changeling, Cutthroat, Domino II, Dream Queen, Elysius, Galactus, Hellfire Club, Kaluu, Living Lightning, Man-Beast, Meggan, Possessor, Ramrod, Scarecrow, Squadron Supreme, Starhawk II, Terror, Inc., Valinor, Warstar
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (Sixth Line-Up)
March 199323$4.95
29Model sheets: Aurora, Balder, Blackout I, Carnage, Black Tom Cassidy, Chief Examiner, Dazzler, Dredmund Druid, Gardener, Justin Hammer, Lightmaster, Mastermind, Mentallo, Occulus, Puma, Reavers, Sabretooth, Sersi, Solo, Talon, U.S. Agent, Warwolves
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (Seventh Line-Up)
April 199323$4.95
30Model sheets: The Answer, Bishop, Blackout II, Chord, Crusader II, Dracula, Dreadnought, Griffin, Hera, Impala, Janus II, Longshot, Magik, Nobilus, Portal, Rage, Shalla Bal, Skrulls, Snowblind, Union Jack III, Yandroth, Wraith
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (Eighth Line-Up: Blue Team)
May 199323$4.95
31Model sheets: Agamemnon, Blue Eagle, Cardiac, Coldblood, Destroyer III, Feral, Gronk, Hussar, Killraven, Living Monolith, Mandrill, Micromax, Molecule Man, Nebula, Presence, Quill, Shockwave, Sleepwalker, Talisman II, Vision II, War Machine, Wildheart
Team Action Sheet: X-Men (Eighth Line-Up: Gold Team)
June 199323$4.95
32Model sheets: Analyzer, Bird-Man I & II, Captain Universe, Doughboy, The Enclave, Famine, Growing Man, Harriers, Ion, Kree, Lord Chaos, Maverick, Mephisto, Nefarius, Paibok the Power Skrull, Rampage, Señor Muerte, Shapeshifter, Trapster I & II, Union Jack I & II, Voice, Ymir
Team Action Sheet: Avengers West Coast (First Line-Up)
July 199323$4.95
33Model sheets: Avalanche, Black Archer, Centurious, Crippler, Deathwatch, Enforcers, Feron, Gideon, Hercules, Human Torch I, Inertia, Iron Man, Karma, Living Tribunal, Morg, Rancor, Reptyl, Scourge, Slapstick, Spider-Man 2099, Tyler Stone, Warpath
Team Action Sheet: Avengers West Coast (Second Line-Up)
August 199323$4.95
34Model sheets: Aragorn, Blackheart, Caliban, Captain Marvel II, Cyber, Demogoblin, Frank Drake, 8-Ball, Frog-Man, Grizzly II, Jack of Hearts, Lilith II, Multiple Man, Null the Living Darkness, Omega Red, Punisher 2099, Henry Pym, Replica, Rictor, Sunfire, Tigra, Wonder Man
Team Action Sheet: Avengers West Coast (Third Line-Up)
September 199323$4.95
35Model sheets: Beyonder, Bloodaxe, Crystal, Deathlok III, Dr. Strange, Doom 2099, Fearmaster, Hellstorm, Kala, Lyja the Lazerfist, Magus I, Polaris, Proteus, Tamara Rahn, Shotgun II, Specialist, Spirit of Vengeance, Starhawk I, Thunderstrike, Turbo I & II, Weapon X II, Zero
Team Action Sheet: Avengers West Coast (Fourth Line-Up)
October 199323$4.95
36Model sheets: Ajax, Binary, Blackwing, Cerise, Chance I, Evilhawk, Goddess, Grizzly I, Hardcore, Moonhunter, Morbius, Ms. Marvel II, Proctor, Pyro, Ravage 2099, Roma, Savage Steel, Siege, Sunspot, Ultimo, Vanisher, White Queen, ZarathosNovember 199323$4.95
Reprint Essential OHOTMU - Master Edition (trade paperback, B/W) #1 - 3 (Marvel Comics, April - September 2008)
#InfoISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
1Abomination to GargoyleISBN 0-7851-2730-5April 2008592$16.99
2Garokk to ProctorISBN 0-7851-2731-3June 2008584$16.99
3Professor Power to ZzzaxISBN 0-7851-2732-1September 2008576$16.99

The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol. IV

Original Series (Marvel Comics, May 2004 - October 2020)
Series # Title / Info Month of publ. Pages Orig. price
2004
One-shots
X-Men 2004[6]May 200448$3.99
Spider-Man 2004[7]June 200448$3.99
Avengers 2004[8]July 200448$3.99
Hulk 2004[9]August 200448$3.99
Daredevil 2004[10]September 200448$3.99
Wolverine 2004[11]October 200448$3.99
Book of the Dead 2004[12]November 200448$3.99
Golden Age 2004[13]December 200448$3.99
2005
One-shots
Women of Marvel 2005[14]January 200548$3.99
Marvel Knights 2005[15]February 200548$3.99
X-Men - Age of Apocalypse 2005[16]March 200548$3.99
Spider-Man 2005[17]April 200548$3.99
Teams 2005[18]May 200548$3.99
Fantastic Four 2005[19]June 200548$3.99
Avengers 2005[20]July 200548$3.99
Ultimate Spider-Man & Ultimate Fantastic Four 2005[21]August 200548$3.99
Alternate Universes 2005[22]September 200548$3.99
Horror 2005[23]October 200548$3.99
X-Men 2005[24]November 200548$3.99
The Ultimates & Ultimate X-Men 2005[25]December 200548$3.99
2006
All-New A - Z
1Abraxas to Batwing[26][27]January 200664$3.99
2Benny Beckley to Crazy Eight[28][29]February 200664$3.99
3Copperhead to Ethan Edwards[30][31]March 200664$3.99
4Damon Dran to Goodman, Lieber, Kurtzberg & Holliway[32][33]April 200664$3.99
5Gorgon to Jury[34][35]May 200664$3.99
6Justice to Marvel[36][37]June 200664$3.99
7Victor Mancha to Phantazia[38][39]July 200664$3.99
8Nekra to Quoi[40][41]August 200664$3.99
9Puppet Master to Shamrock[42][43]September 200664$3.99
10Shadowoman to Tara[44][45]October 200664$3.99
11Stranger to Ultimo[46][47]November 200664$3.99
12Ultra Girl to Arnim Zola[48][49]December 200664$3.99
2006
One-shots
X-Men: The 198 Files[50]January 200648$3.99
Marvel Westerns: Outlaw Files[50]June 200648$3.99
Planet Hulk: Gladiator Guidebook[50]July 200648$3.99
Annihilation: Nova Corps Files[50]July 200648$3.99
Civil War Files[50]September 200648$3.99
2006
Marvel Legacy
The 1960s Handbook: Acrobat to Zota[51][52]February 200664$4.99
The 1970s Handbook: Avengers to Xorr the God-Jewel[53][54]May 200664$4.99
The 1980s Handbook: Archer, U.S. to Zxaxz[55][56]November 200664$4.99
The 1990s Handbook: Annex to X-Treme[57][58]February 200764$4.99
2007
All-New A - Z Update
1Amatsu-Kami to Walker[59][60]January 200764$3.99
2Adam II to Zodiak[61][62]May 200764$3.99
3Acts of Vengeance to Zodiac Key[63][64]July 200764$3.99
4Aqueduct to Zaran[65][66]October 200764$3.99
2007
One-shots
Spider-Man: Back in Black Handbook[50][67]April 200748$3.99
Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter - Guilty Pleasures Handbook[50]May 200748$3.99
Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic[50][68]June 200764$3.99
The Mighty Avengers: Most Wanted Files[50][69]June 200748$3.99
World War Hulk: Gamma Files[50][70]August 200748$3.99
Marvel Zombies: The Book of Angels, Demons, & Various Monstrosities[50][71]September 200748$3.99
Marvel Atlas #1[50]November 200764$3.99
X-Men: Messiah Complex - Mutant Files[50][72]December 200748$3.99
2008
One-shots
Ultimate Secrets[50]January 200848$3.99
Marvel Atlas #2[50]March 200864$3.99
All-New Iron Manual[50][73]May 200864$4.99
Secret Invasion: Skrulls!July 200864$4.99
Amazing Spider-Man: Brand New Day YearbookDecember 200864$4.99
2009
One-shots
Dark Reign FilesFebruary 200964$4.99
Wolverine: Weapon X FilesApril 200964$4.99
Marvel Pets HandbookJune 200948$3.99
Thor & Hercules: Encyclopaedia MythologicaJuly 200964$4.99
Marvel Mystery Handbook: 70th Anniversary SpecialSeptember 200964$4.99
2010
A - Z Update
1Marlene Alraune to ZuriFebruary 201064$3.99
2Abyss (Sorcerer) to XartansJune 201064$3.99
3Aakon to YonduAugust 201064$3.99
4Beetle (Davis) to Zodiac (gang with no name)October 201064$3.99
5Advisor to WitnessDecember 201064$3.99
2010
One-shots
Deadpool Corps: Rank and FoulMarch 201064$3.99
Iron Manual Mark 3April 201064$3.99
Avengers AssembleMay 201064$3.99
X-Men: Phoenix Force HandbookJuly 201064$4.99
2011
One-shots
Blockbusters of the Marvel UniverseJanuary 201164$4.99
Thor: Asgard's AvengerApril 201164$4.99
X-Men: Earth's Mutant HeroesMay 201164$4.99
Captain America: America's AvengerJune 201164$4.99
Fear Itself: Fellowship of FearAugust 201132$3.99
FF: 50 Fantastic YearsSeptember 201164$4.99
Vampires: The Marvel UndeadOctober 201164$4.99
Defenders: Strange HeroesDecember 201164$4.99
2012
One-shots
Avengers: Roll CallApril 201264$4.99
2014
One-shots
Avengers Now! HandbookDecember 201464$4.99
2015
One-shots
Secret Wars: Official Guide to the Marvel MultiverseDecember 201564$4.99
2016
One-shots
All-New, All-Different Marvel UniverseMay 201664$4.99
2018
One-shots
Spider-Geddon HandbookDecember 201864$4.99
2020
One-shots
Empyre HandbookAugust 202064$4.99
2020
One-shots
X of Swords HandbookOctober 202064$4.99
2021
One-shots
King in Black HandbookMay 202164$4.99
Reprints (Marvel Comics, November 2007 - June 2012)
Series # Title / Info ISBN Month of publ. Pages Orig. price
2007 (trade paperback)Marvel Legacy: The 1960s-1990s HandbookISBN 0-7851-2082-3November 2007280$19.99
2007 (hardcover)Mystic Arcana *ISBN 0-7851-2719-4December 2007264$24.99
2008 (trade paperback)Mystic Arcana *
* contains the four-part comic miniseries Mystic Arcana, The Official Tarot of the Marvel Universe
and The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Mystic Arcana
ISBN 0-7851-2720-8June 2008264$24.99
2008 (trade paperback)Marvel AtlasISBN 0-7851-2998-7July 2008144$14.99
2008
A - Z (hardcover)
11602 A.D. to Blackwing (Manfredi)ISBN 0-7851-3028-4February 2008240$24.99
2Blackwulf to Crimson DynamoISBN 0-7851-3099-3April 2008240$24.99
3Crimson Dynamo (Gavrilov) to Elements of DoomISBN 0-7851-3100-0June 2008240$24.99
4Elf with a Gun to Guardians of the GalaxyISBN 0-7851-3101-9August 2008240$24.99
5Guardsmen to JackalISBN 0-7851-3102-7October 2008240$24.99
6Harald Jaekelsson to MaelstromISBN 0-7851-3103-5December 2008240$24.99
7Maestro to Ms. MarvelISBN 0-7851-3104-3March 2009240$24.99
8Multiple Man to Phoenix ForceISBN 0-7851-3105-1May 2009240$24.99
9Photon to SageISBN 0-7851-3106-XJuly 2009240$24.99
10Salem's Seven to SpeedISBN 0-7851-3107-8September 2009240$24.99
11Speed Demon to Terrible TrioISBN 0-7851-3108-6November 2009240$24.99
12Terror (Pevely) to Vision (Aarkus)ISBN 0-7851-3109-4January 2010240$24.99
13Vision (Victor Shade) to ZaranISBN 0-7851-4178-2April 2010240$24.99
14Zarathos to Zzzax
Aboriginal Gods to Yandroth
ISBN 0-7851-4179-0June 2010240$24.99
contains material from 2004 - 2009, plus updates and several all-new entries
2009 (trade paperback)Wolverine: Weapon X Files
contains Wolverine: Weapon X Files (2009), Wolverine Encyclopedia (1996) # 1 - 2 [sic!]
and the Beast Files (from Marvel Vision # 5 - 30)[74][75]
ISBN 0-7851-4240-1September 2009224$24.99
2010 (trade paperback)Women of Marvel: Celebrating Seven DecadesISBN 0-7851-4912-0July 2010240$19.99
2011
A - Z (trade paperback)
11602 to BlackwulfISBN 0-7851-5803-0September 2011256$19.99
2Blade to Crooked WorldISBN 0-7851-5831-6December 2011256$19.99
3Crimson Dynamo (Gavrilov) to Elements of DoomISBN 0-7851-5832-4February 2012256$19.99
4Elf with a Gun to Guardians of the GalaxyISBN 0-7851-5833-2April 2012256$19.99
5Guardsmen to JackalISBN 0-7851-5834-0June 2012256$19.99
6ISBN 0-7851-5835-9Publication cancelled256$19.99
contains material from 2008's A - Z (hardcover) with corrections, plus 16-page addendums entitled "Where are they now?"

Bibliography of other handbook titles

Gamer's Handbook of the Marvel Universe

Marvel Encyclopedias

Wolverine Encyclopedia (trade paperback) #1 - 2 (Marvel Comics, November - December 1996)
#InfoISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
1A - K[76]ISBN 0-7851-0296-5November 199648$5.95
2L - R[77]ISBN 0-7851-0296-5[78]December 199648$5.95
3S - Z-Publication cancelled48$5.95
Wolverine: Weapon X Files
includes reprints of Wolverine Encyclopedia # 1 - 2[74][75]
ISBN 0-7851-4240-1September 2009224$24.99
Marvel Encyclopedia (hardcover) #1 - 6 (Marvel Comics, October 2002 - November 2004)
#InfoISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
1Avengers, Fantastic Four, Marvel Knights / MAX, X-MenISBN 0-7851-0984-6October 2002240$29.99
2X-MenISBN 0-7851-1199-9April 2003240$29.99
3HulkISBN 0-7851-1164-6June 2003208$19.99
4Spider-ManISBN 0-7851-1304-5November 2003240$24.99
5Marvel KnightsISBN 0-7851-1385-1April 2004240$29.99
6Fantastic FourISBN 0-7851-1480-7November 2004240$29.99
Marvel Encyclopedia (trade paperback) (Scholastic, 2006 - 2008)
#InfoISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
?X-Men[79]?2006?$ ?
?Spider-ManISBN 0-7851-2428-42006?$ ?
?AvengersISBN 0-7851-3039-XJanuar 2008120$ ?
The Marvel Encyclopedia (hardcover) (Dorling Kindersley, October 2006 - March 2014)
TitleISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
The Marvel Encyclopedia - 1st EditionISBN 0-7566-2358-8October 2006352$40.00
The Marvel Encyclopedia - Limited 1st EditionISBN 0-7566-2472-XOctober 2006352$ ?
The Marvel Encyclopedia - 2nd EditionISBN 0-7566-5530-7October 2009400$40.00
The Marvel Encyclopedia - Limited 2nd EditionISBN 0-7566-5725-3October 2009400$ ?
The Marvel Encyclopedia - 3rd EditionISBN 1-4654-1593-9March 2014432$40.00
The Marvel Encyclopedia - 4th EditionISBN 1-4654-7890-6, 978-1-4654-7890-0April 2019448$40.00
Spider-Man Character Encyclopedia (hardcover) (Dorling Kindersley, April 2014)
TitleISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
Spider-Man Character EncyclopediaISBN 1-4093-4755-9April 2014208$?
The Avengers Encyclopedia (hardcover) (Dorling Kindersley, October 2015)
TitleISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
The Avengers EncyclopediaISBN 0-2411-8371-5October 2015352$?
Marvel Studios Character Encyclopedia (hardcover) (Dorling Kindersley), April 2019)
TitleISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
Marvel Studios Character EncyclopediaISBN 1465478892April 2019176$?
Ultimate Marvel (hardcover) (Dorling Kindersley), September 2017)
TitleISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
Ultimate MarvelISBN 1465455728September 2017320$?
Ultimate Guides (hardcover) (Dorling Kindersley, October 2000 – Present)
TitleAuthorISBNMonth of publ.PagesOrig. price
Ultimate X-MenPeter SandersonISBN 0-7513-2885-5October 2000174$19.99
Spider-Man: The Ultimate GuideTom DeFalcoISBN 0-7513-2017-XSeptember 2001168$19.99
X-Men: The Ultimate Guide (Updated)Peter SandersonISBN 0-7894-9258-XMarch 2003184$24.99
Hulk: The Incredible GuideTom DeFalcoISBN 0-7894-9260-1May 2003176$24.99
The Fantastic Four: The Ultimate GuideTom DeFalcoISBN 1-4053-0996-2June 2005144$ ?
The Avengers: The Ultimate GuideTom DeFalcoISBN 0-7566-1461-9October 2005144$24.99
X-Men: The Ultimate Guide (updated)Peter SandersonISBN 1-4053-1325-0April 2006192$24.99
Ghost Rider: The Visual GuideAndrew DarlingISBN 978-0756621483December 2006128$19.99
Hulk: The Incredible Guide (updated)Tom DeFalcoISBN 1405333308June 2008144$ ?
Spider-Man: The Ultimate Guide (updated)Tom DeFalcoISBN 0-7566-2675-7March 2007184$24.99
Wolverine: Inside the World of the Living WeaponMatthew K. ManningISBN 0-7566-4547-6March 2009200$24.99
Iron Man: The Ultimate Guide to the Armored Super HeroMatthew K. ManningISBN 0-7566-5749-0February 2010200$24.99
The Avengers: The Ultimate Character GuideAlan CowsillISBN 0-7566-6740-2September 2010208$16.99
The Avengers: The Ultimate Guide to Earth's Mightiest Heroes!Scott BeattyISBN 0-7566-9025-0April 2012192$24.99
The Avengers: The Ultimate Character Guide (updated)Alan CowsillISBN 1-4093-4245-X2013208$16.99
X-Men: The Ultimate Guide (updated)?ISBN 0-2410-1755-62014184$ ?
The Avengers: The Ultimate Character Guide (updated)?ISBN 0-2410-0761-5March 2015232$16.99
Captain America: The Ultimate Guide to the First Avenger?ISBN 1465448845April 2016200$30.00
Guardians of the Galaxy: The Ultimate Guide to the Cosmic Outlaws?ISBN 1465458999April 2017200$30.00
Black Panther: The Ultimate Guide?ISBN 1465466266January 2018200$30.00
Marvel Studios Visual Dictionary?ISBN 1465476377September 2018200$30.00
Black Widow: Secrets of a Super-SpyMelanie ScottISBN 1465496920April 2020200$30.00

Marvel Fact Files

Marvel Fact Files are a series of encyclopedic guides which detail the fictional universe featured in Marvel Comics publications. The magazine series is published in the U.K. by Eaglemoss Publications starting in 2013.

Reception

Lawrence Henry Apodaca reviewed the original The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe in Space Gamer No. 64.[80] Apodaca commented that "Non-comic collectors should be able to find copies at stores which carry back issues - and should look for them. They are a valuable aid to science fiction or superhero RPGs."[80]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 DeFalco, Tom. "Bullpen Bulletins Special," Marvel Comics cover-dated March 1984.
  2. 1 2 Peter Sanderson (2005-01-28). "Comics in Context #70: Elektra Lite: Superheroes A to Z."
  3. Henderson, Chris (July 1986). "Joe Rubinstein". Comics Interview. No. 36. Fictioneer Books. pp. 40–51.
  4. Scott Tipton (2004-09-15). "Gone Too Soon: Remembering Da Gru." Archived 2005-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
  5. MileHighComics.com: OHOTMU Master Edition cover gallery (with character overview)
  6. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: X-Men 2004
  7. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Spider-Man 2004
  8. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Avengers 2004
  9. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Hulk 2004
  10. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Daredevil 2004
  11. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Wolverine 2004
  12. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Book of the Dead 2004
  13. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Golden Age 2004
  14. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Women of Marvel 2005
  15. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Marvel Knights 2005
  16. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: X-Men: Age of Apocalypse 2005
  17. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Spider-Man 2005
  18. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Teams 2005
  19. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Fantastic Four 2005
  20. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Avengers 2005
  21. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Ultimate Spider-Man & Fantastic Four 2005
  22. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Alternate Universes 2005
  23. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Horror 2005
  24. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: X-Men 2005
  25. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Ultimate X-Men & Ultimates 2005
  26. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #1
  27. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #1
  28. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #2
  29. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #2
  30. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #3
  31. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #3
  32. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #4
  33. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #4
  34. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #5
  35. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #5
  36. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #6
  37. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #6
  38. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #7
  39. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #7
  40. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #8
  41. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #8
  42. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #9
  43. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #9
  44. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #10
  45. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #10
  46. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #11
  47. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #11
  48. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z #12
  49. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z #12
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings (including character listings)
  51. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Marvel Legacy: The 1960s
  52. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: Marvel Legacy: The 1960s
  53. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Marvel Legacy: The 1970s
  54. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: Marvel Legacy: The 1970s
  55. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Marvel Legacy: The 1980s
  56. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: Marvel Legacy: The 1980s
  57. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Marvel Legacy: The 1990s
  58. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: Marvel Legacy: The 1990s
  59. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z Update #1
  60. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z Update #1
  61. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z Update #2
  62. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z Update #2
  63. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z Update #3
  64. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z Update #3
  65. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: All-New A - Z Update #4
  66. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New A - Z Update #4
  67. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: Spider-Man: Back in Black
  68. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic
  69. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: Mighty Avengers: Most Wanted Files
  70. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: World War Hulk: Gamma Files
  71. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: Marvel Zombies: The Book Of Angels, Demons & Various Monstrosities
  72. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: X-Men: Messiah Complex - Mutant Files
  73. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Bibliography: All-New Iron Manual
  74. 1 2 "Wolverine: Weapon X Files (TPB)". www.comic-odyssey.com. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  75. 1 2 "Wolverine: Weapon X Files (TPB)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  76. "Wolverine Encyclopedia #1". ComicVine.com. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  77. "Wolverine Encyclopedia #2". ComicVine.com. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  78. "Wolverine Encyclopedia #2". Comics.org. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  79. Marvel.com: OHOTMU Listings: Marvel Encyclopedia: X-Men 2 (TPB)
  80. 1 2 Apodaca, Lawrence Henry (July–August 1983). "Capsule Reviews". Space Gamer. Steve Jackson Games (64): 38–39.
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