Spit
Studio album by
Kittie
ReleasedNovember 13, 1999 (1999-11-13)
RecordedMay 1999
StudioEMAC (London, Ontario, Canada)
GenreNu metal
Length37:23
Label
ProducerGarth Richardson
Kittie chronology
Kittie
(1998)		 Spit
(1999)		 Paperdoll EP
(2000)
Kittie studio album chronology
Spit
(1999)		 Oracle
(2001)
Singles from Spit
  1. "Brackish"
    Released: January 11, 2000
  2. "Charlotte"
    Released: June 5, 2000
Original cover

Spit is the debut studio album by Canadian heavy metal band Kittie, originally released on November 13, 1999, through Ng Records. Kittie were formed in 1996, and signed to Ng in 1999 after Jake Weiner, the record label's second-in-command, witnessed one of the band's shows. Produced by Garth Richardson, Spit was recorded over nine days in May 1999 at EMAC Studios in London, Ontario, and was completed in August 1999. Spit is a nu metal album that incorporates various elements from several heavy metal subgenres, and its lyrical themes include sexism, hatred, ignorance, betrayal, bullying and life experiences. The album is Kittie's only release with their original line-up, featuring bassist Tanya Candler and guitarist Fallon Bowman; Candler was replaced by Talena Atfield, who appears on the cover of all subsequent reissues of the album.

Shortly after Spit's initial release, Ng was absorbed into Artemis Records, who gave the album a wide re-release on January 11, 2000. Kittie promoted the album with the release of two singles, "Brackish" and "Charlotte", which became radio and MTV hits, and extensive international touring which saw the band perform at the Ozzfest and SnoCore festivals in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The album reached number 79 on the US Billboard 200 chart and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in October 2000.

Spit initially received mixed-to-positive responses from critics, who generally praised the album's aggression but criticized its song titles, lyrics and attitude; Kittie faced media attention and criticism at the time of its release for their age and anomalous status as an all-female band playing heavy metal. The band subsequently distanced themselves from the album in the years following its release due to the stigma it brought them. Spit was later reassessed by critics and media outlets as one of the best works within the nu metal genre, and its success has been considered important regarding the representation of women in heavy metal. It remains Kittie's best-selling album, having sold 660,000 copies in the United States as of April 2003.

Background

Talena Atfield, sticking out her tongue
Although bassist Talena Atfield (pictured) is on Spit's album cover, Tanya Candler played bass on the album.[1]

In September 1996,[2] after moving with her family from Brampton to London, Ontario, drummer Mercedes Lander decided that she wanted to form a band.[3] She began jamming with guitarist Fallon Bowman, whom she met in gym class, after they bonded over their shared interest in grunge artists such as Nirvana and Silverchair.[4][5] Mercedes soon brought in her sister, Morgan Lander, to jam with them as their singer and second guitarist.[6] Together, they would write an early version of "Brackish", the first Kittie song.[7]

In late 1997, Mercedes, Morgan and Bowman decided on naming themselves Kittie in order to sign up for an upcoming Battle of the Bands competition at Call the Office in London.[8] They chose the band name because it "seemed contradictory".[9] Morgan said: "Usually females are perceived as being cute, fragile and feminine, like the name Kittie. The contradiction comes in, when the listener hears what our music really is about: women playing metal".[10] At Bowman's suggestion, Kittie recruited Tanya Candler as their bass player to complete the band's lineup, in spite of the fact she had not played bass beforehand.[10][11] After making their live debut performing at Call the Office on February 28, 1998,[12] Kittie would play "over 200 some odd shows [...] [from] Toronto, to Detroit" before attracting record label interest, according to Mercedes.[13] After performing at Canadian Music Week festival in Toronto, Kittie approached Jake Weiner, second-in-command at Ng Records.[14] After watching them play live, Weiner signed Kittie into a four-album record deal with Ng.[15][16]

According to Morgan Lander, the songs featured on Spit were all written when the members of Kittie "were 14 years old".[17] Kittie wrote and reworked its songs over the span of three years, from the moment the band formed until they went into record the album.[18][19] The band wrote the music first, as a "backdrop" to Morgan's vocals.[17] Originally based in grunge music, the band's sound would transition towards heavy metal on the back of recent releases from Korn, Deftones and Sepultura.[20] When asked about their influences in an interview with Metal Maidens in 1999, the members of Kittie cited Nile, Today Is the Day, Placebo, Far, Weezer, Orgy, Fear Factory, Hole, Tura Satana, Human Waste Project, Babes in Toyland, Misfits, Blondie, and Nasum as influences.[10]

Recording and production

After signing with Ng, Kittie recorded Spit with producer Garth Richardson at EMAC Studios in May 1999, in the space of nine days.[21][22] Richardson was introduced to Kittie after Robert Nation, EMAC's owner, gave him a copy of Kittie's self-titled demo EP (1998), and he had agreed to work with the band for a minimum fee before they had been signed to Ng.[10][23][24][19] The members of Kittie were still attending high school at the time, and recording sessions would take place in the evenings after they had dinner and finished their homework at the studio. According to Candler, they would finish recording at no later than 10pm per day.[24][25]

Prior to recording, Kittie told Richardson that they wanted Spit to sound "live and raw, yet still [possess] the quality of a professional, studio-produced recording", and the band spent an entire day choosing which equipment and amps from Richardson's array they wanted to play through.[19] Bowman said that the album's guitar sounds are simple, alternating between a "straightforward clean and dirty" sound; she would only use one guitar pedal on the entire album, an Ibanez Classic Phase.[19] The album's guitar tracks were recorded using one of the Richardson's custom guitars, which Kittie used because they felt that it was "really great, [and] really chunky sounding", according to Bowman.[19] "Brackish" was nearly left off of Spit due to problems surrounding its arrangements. The song would come into its own when the band recruited DJ Dave, a friend of Nation's, to add "some cool jungle" beats under the track.[16][26] Morgan wrote the song's chorus a week later. "I remember sitting on the floor in the vocal booth writing the lyrics down, it was right at the very tail-end, like, 'I have no idea what I'm going to say here. I'll just think of something.' "[16] The album's total recording costs were US$57,000, and it was completed in August 1999.[27][28]

Music and lyrics

Music

Spit is a nu metal album[24][31][32] with elements of heavy metal,[33] speed metal,[34] groove metal,[35] alternative metal,[35] alternative rock,[36] death metal,[30][37] and in the lead single "Brackish", techno[38][30][39] and rap.[32] According to Exclaim!, Spit "plays like an inconsistent collection of stale 1991-era Pantera and Sepultura B-sides, overdubbed with the occasional 1995 techno sprinkle for a somewhat modern measure".[38] The album contains heavy riffs,[35] rapping (in the song "Brackish"),[32] screaming and clean singing.[40] According to an AllMusic review by Roxanne Blanford, the album has a "meatier, heavier sound than contemporaries Limp Bizkit and Korn".[39] According to Michael Tedder of The Pitch, "Spit echoes Helmet's precision, Slayer's power and (with some songs dealing with body image and self-esteem issues) even Nirvana's confessional songwriting".[29] Author Tommy Udo compared Kittie's sound and attitude to heavy metal bands such as Pantera and Machine Head.[41]

Lyrics

Despite the lyrics, Morgan Lander said Kittie led "fairly normal lives".[42]

The album's lyrical themes explore "hate, ignorance and sexism",[43] and AllMusic noted its feminist lyrics.[39] Nonetheless, Morgan Lander said Kittie are not a feminist band.[43] According to George Lang of The Oklahoman, "Kittie's lyrics are full of spit and venom, directed at preppy cheerleaders, rich kids, rude boys and women who trade on their sexuality".[44] According to Morgan Lander, Spit is "a dark album, but it's about every day life which isn't always peachy".[24] Spit was controversial because of its song titles, which made many people think that the album's songs are about sex.[45] In an interview with NY Rock, Atfield said that none of the album's songs are about sex.[46][nb 1]

Mercedes Lander explained the meaning of Spit's title track: "People expect us to suck, then we get on stage and blow them away."[30][47] The song "Spit" was inspired by the attitude of local bands towards Kittie.[43] "Charlotte" was inspired by a serial killer from the book Rites of Burial by Tom Jackman and Troy Cole.[48] "Brackish" "is a commentary on a friend of" Kittie "and the relationship that she was in at the time".[48] "Jonny" is reportedly a reaction to male domination of women,[49] whilst "Raven", according to the Sun-Sentinel, "was inspired by a death threat received from a male band against whom" Kittie "competed in an Ontario talent contest."[42] In an interview with Bleeding Metal, Mercedes and Bowman said the song title "Get Off (You Can Eat a Dick)" came from an incident at a school talent show when, after playing one song, a teacher didn't like what they were playing, telling them to "get off".[50] Bowman said that "Choke" is "about someone telling you that they love you so much, and they put you up on a pedestal and make you feel great, then they turn around and say 'screw you'".[30] According to Morgan Lander, "Do You Think I'm a Whore" is about "how some people automatically think you're a slut because you wear a short skirt",[24] and "not judging a book by its cover".[43] The song's title was given "basically to prove people wrong".[43] The album's penultimate track, "Paperdoll", is about the degradation of women as objects.[30]

Release and promotion

Radio specialty shows and early press supported Spit before its release, and Kittie's profile increased following coverage of the band in Rolling Stone magazine and in an MTV News 1515 report.[28][51][52] The album was initially released on November 13, 1999, by Ng,[53] but its production was short-lived as Ng was absorbed into Artemis Records shortly after.[54][44] In September 1999, following the band's performance at the Big Day Off in Hartford, Connecticut, Candler abruptly left Kittie for personal reasons.[55][24] The band quickly recruited Talena Atfield to replace Candler, with Atfield being made to learn Kittie's entire setlist two weeks before a scheduled performance at the CMJ Music Festival in New York City, where a music video was filmed for the album's lead single, "Brackish".[56][16][nb 2] Spit was then reissued by Artemis on January 11, 2000, with different artwork and photographs, featuring pictures of Atfield in place of Candler.[16][39][33]

Spit was supported by two major singles, "Brackish" and "Charlotte". "Brackish", which had been receiving airplay from radio outlets since late 1999, was released as a single on the same day that Spit was re-released.[57][58] The song's music video premiered on MuchMusic the day of the single's release, and then premiered on MTV by first appearing on MTV's 120 Minutes on January 30, 2000.[59] "Brackish" continued to be played on MTV and was rotated on WAAF.[28][60] Kittie also made a few appearances on TV; the group performed "Brackish" live on Late Night With Conan O'Brien on February 23, 2000,[61] and were interviewed and performed on the talk show Later on May 31, 2000.[62] The single reached number 31 on Billboard's Active Rock chart.[63] On June 5, 2000, Kittie released "Charlotte" as the album's second single, which reached number 35 on the Active Rock chart.[63][64][65] The music video for "Charlotte", directed by Lisa Rubish,[66] was played constantly on MTV, being one of the most played music videos on MTV during July 2000.[67][68] Artemis also released two EPs in support of Spit; a four-track promotional EP featuring live versions (and respective radio edits) of the album's title track and "Suck" was serviced to radio stations on April 24, 2000,[69] and the Paperdoll EP, featuring a remix of Spit's song "Paperdoll" and some live tracks, was released on December 12, 2000.[70] The Paperdoll EP had sold 100,000 copies in the United States by December 2003.[71]

After Spit's release, Kittie toured with Slipknot and, on July 11, 2000, released the home video, Spit in Your Eye.[66] Kittie began an American tour on April 27, 2000, with Chevelle, Shuvel and the Step Kings. Kittie then toured Europe with Suicidal Tendencies and performed at Ozzfest 2000, headlining the second stage.[66][72] They were the youngest, and only female act, on that year's bill. Morgan and Mercedes said when they were having dinner with their parents back home in Canada, they received a phone call from the representative of Ozzfest, being asked if they were interested in performing at the tour, requesting a press kit to review. When touring in England, Kittie received a phone call being told the band is officially involved in the tour.[73] Kittie planned to tour with Pantera, but the tour fell through when Pantera vocalist Phil Anselmo fell and broke two ribs. After the Pantera tour fell through, Kittie created a headlining tour[74] and performed at the 2001 SnoCore festival.[75]

In spite of the success of Spit, the members of Kittie never received any of its royalties from Artemis, and the band's relationship with the label began to decline during their tours in support of the album.[71][76][77] In May 2000, Artemis allegedly tried to pressure Morgan to begin recording a new Kittie album in September 2000; the band did not want to, because they didn't feel that they were finished touring in support of Spit.[76][78] In June 2000, Artemis pulled Kittie's touring support following a change in representation at the label, prompting the band to start self-financing and self-managing their own tours.[79] Kittie would later accuse Artemis of trying to get their talent agent to not book any more shows for them, in an attempt to starve the band financially so that they would return to the studio.[76]

Reception

Critical

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[39]
Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal7/10[80]
Entertainment WeeklyB+[81]
Kerrang![82]
NME4/10[83]
Q[84]
Rock Hard7/10[85]
Rolling Stone[86]
Select[31]
The Village VoiceC+[87]

Spit received mixed-to-positive reviews. Rolling Stone gave Spit a three out of five, calling the album "fairly good-natured for an exercise in repetitive maximum aggro".[86] Robert Christgau gave the album a C+, calling it "proof that Korn fans aren't sexist".[87][nb 3] Roxanne Blanford of AllMusic rated the album 3.5 out of five and wrote, "these young women learned well the lessons of predecessors Joan Jett, Lita Ford, and the current reigning queen of angst-rock, Courtney Love".[39] Teen Ink gave Spit a positive review: "Kittie is a Canadian band made up of four girls who can rock, yell and keep up with any hardcore band out there".[40] Phil McNamara of The Worcester Phoenix wrote that Kittie "can throw down heavy head-banging riffs with the best of them, and oh yeah -- they're girls".[45] Also, Canadian journalist Martin Popoff is quite happy of a girl band which can rock "heavily and smartly", "sounding like vicious hardcore sirens" avoiding "electronic gunk" with only a slight nod to rap metal.[80]

The Oklahoman gave Spit a positive review: "Throw in the fact that they range in age from 15 to 18, and Kittie seems like the perfect weapon to smite Mandy Moore, Britney Spears, Jessica Simpson and Christina Aguilera, forever ridding the music industry of teen-pop".[44] The CMJ New Music Report gave Spit a positive review: "the teenage babes in Ontario, Canada's Kittie will scratch and claw their way into the dark recesses of your hearts thanks to their debut, the smashing 'n' stomping Spit".[33] The Washington Post criticized the album: "All four members of this Canadian metal-punk band are women, which is still a novel (though certainly not unique) lineup for a headbanging ensemble. Too bad that's virtually the quartet's only distinguishing feature".[89] The review concluded, "After four or five of these pounding rockers, Kittie becomes a bore."[89] Exclaim! also criticized the album: "Guidance Counsellor's advice: pull the plug and stay in school".[38] NME gave the album a four-out-of-ten rating: "Like kindred spirits System of a Down, Kittie want to give you the impression that they're just too tasty to fuk wit, too unhinged to view as normal folk, too pierced for the mainstream."[83]

The Pitch gave Spit an "honourable mention" on their "American Top 40: Best Albums of 2000" list.[90] Kittie also received a nomination for "Best New Group" at the 2001 Juno Awards, ultimately losing out to Nickelback.[91]

Commercial

Ng had initially pressed 8,000 copies of Spit. According to Morgan Lander, "Those 8,000 copies were gone in like the first fucking week".[15] On January 29, 2000, Spit debuted on the Billboard 200 chart at number 147,[92] and two weeks later, reached number one on Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart on February 19, 2000.[63][51] The album later reached its peak position of number 79 on April 15, 2000.[63] By the time the album had peaked, Spit had already sold over 100,000 copies,[93] and by May 2000 it had sold 236,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[94] The album remained on the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks.[63] Spit also reached number 2 on Billboard's Top Independent Albums chart, and remained on the chart for 64 weeks.[63] On October 17, 2000, Spit was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA);[95][96] the album remains Kittie's only release to go Gold, and is one of only two Artemis Records albums (the other being Thug Misses by Khia) to have achieved this feat.[97][96] As of April 1, 2003, Spit has sold more than 660,000 copies in the United States.[98] Spit also achieved some success outside of the United States. Although Spit did not chart in the United Kingdom, "Brackish" peaked at number 46 on the UK Singles Chart on March 25, 2000, and "Charlotte" peaked at number 60 on the UK Singles Chart on July 22, 2000.[99] The album has sold an additional 100,000 copies outside of the US,[100] 40,000 of which were sold in Canada.[101]

Aftermath

We received more praise and criticism for [Spit] than we have over the duration of our entire careers; we were vilified and heralded as the "anti-Britney." We were called geniuses and a gimmick; we were accused of sleeping our way to a record deal or not writing our songs. Our merit and validity as a real band were time and time again called into question, and this is the perception we have continued to deal with, unfortunately. [...] It's been a struggle to overcome the negative slant that many mainstream media outlets put on Spit and "prove" ourselves as a viable band worthy of praise and appreciation within the metal community. We have always been considered outsiders, in a way, and have had a hell of a time being taken seriously.

—Morgan Lander on the impact of Spit on Kittie's reputation and image (2012)[102]

Much of the press attention surrounding and following the release of Spit focused on the ages of Kittie's members as well as their anomalous status as an all-female band playing heavy metal (which was generally a male-dominated genre), much to the band's chagrin.[16][42][103][104] The members of Kittie said that they did not want to be described as a "girl metal" band, but as a heavy metal band instead. Mercedes said: "You don't call Machine Head a 'boy metal band'. You call them a metal band. Why should they make an exception [for us] just because of the gender? It's almost the exact same kind of music, except we don't have penises".[43] Several media outlets presented the band as an antithesis to pop music and particularly to that of Britney Spears, leading them to be dubbed "anti-Britney",[42][57][61] despite the fact they had never said anything negative about Spears themselves.[30][105] In an interview with The Washington Post, Morgan said: "I'm not up there singing, 'Hit me baby, one more time!' We're a lot more mature than that ... We didn't slag her, and we respect her... We just don't want to be her!".[30] Mercedes felt that most of the press attention surrounding Kittie around the release of Spit was "the wrong kind of press" because journalists had not properly researched the band before writing about them;[106] she additionally claimed that Artemis had revealed the ages of Kittie's members to the press against their wishes.[107]

In the years following its release, Kittie attempted to distance themselves from Spit, with both Morgan and Mercedes claiming that album had led to the band becoming stigmatized for being a nu metal act and an all-female band.[108][102][109][110] The band's next two albums, Oracle (2001) and Until the End (2004), moved away from the nu metal stylings of Spit towards an more aggressive sound that was generally categorized as death metal,[16][111] and they also began gradually omitting songs from the album from their setlists, as the band "wanted people to see who we are now and what we have accomplished since then", according to Morgan Lander.[112][113] However, neither album would match the critical or popular acclaim of Spit,[16][114][115][116] and the band later expressed dissatisfaction at the writing and tone of both albums.[117][118] Speaking with Revolver in 2007, Mercedes stated: "When we did [Spit], everything was fresh and we were so excited. Then came the pressure to succeed, and over the next two records we fell out of love with music and the excitement of songwriting."[109] By 2024, Morgan was more accepting of Kittie's association with nu metal, telling Metal Hammer: "For a long time in the nu metal hangover era, it was a bit of a bad word, and we didn't feel like it fit us at the time. While I still don't think we are a nu metal band, being associated with that genre wasn't such a bad thing."[119]

Spit made Kittie into one of a few all-female, and/or female-fronted, nu metal bands to achieve notable success,[120][121] and the album has retrospectively been noted for its significance in representing, and subverting gender expectations for, women in heavy metal.[16][113][114] Later assessments of album have also been more positive, and it has since appeared on several best-of lists for the nu metal genre.[122] "Brackish" appeared on Fuse's "19 Best Nu-Metal Hits of All Time" list in 2015,[32] and was ranked number 23 on Spin's "30 Best Nu Metal Songs" list in 2017.[123] In March 2023, Rolling Stone ranked the album's title track at number 82 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Songs of All Time", calling the song "a murderously heavy proto-feminist anthem that takes aim at misogynists and lands a kill shot in under three minutes."[124][125]

Accolades for Spit
Publication List Rank Ref.
Hit Parader All-Time Top 10 Female-Fronted Metal Discs 4
Kerrang! The 21 greatest nu-metal albums of all time 16
The 50 Best Albums From 2000 47
Loudwire Top 50 Nu-metal Albums of All-Time 41
Metal Hammer The 50 best nu metal albums of all time 32
Revolver 20 Essential Nu Metal albums N/A

Track listing

All tracks are written by Morgan Lander, Mercedes Lander, Tanya Candler, and Fallon Bowman.[130]

No.TitleLength
1."Spit"2:20
2."Charlotte"3:56
3."Suck"3:31
4."Do You Think I'm a Whore"3:00
5."Brackish"3:06
6."Jonny"2:24
7."Trippin'"2:21
8."Raven"3:25
9."Get Off (You Can Eat a Dick)"2:52
10."Choke"4:05
11."Paperdoll"3:22
12."Immortal"2:49
Total length:37:23

Personnel

Adapted from Spit's liner notes.[22]

Charts

Certifications

Region CertificationCertified units/sales
United States (RIAA)[96] Gold 660,000[98]

Release history

Reigon Label Format Date Catalog # Ref.
United States Ng CD November 13, 1999 751002-2 [53]
United States
January 11, 2000 ATM 497630 9
Europe
February 28, 2000 [133]
Europe
CD August 16, 2004 RCD17027 [134]
Europe Metal Mind CD (digipak) November 24, 2008 MASS CD 1243 DG [135]
Various MNRK Music Group LP April 23, 2022 EOM-LP-46645 [136]
CD July 8, 2022 MNK-CD-46759 [137]
LP April 6, 2023 MNK-LP-46778 [138]

Notes

  1. ↑ In a 2000 interview with Kerrang!, Morgan Lander felt that the controversy surrounding Spit's song titles stemmed primarily from assumptions about Kittie's gender and identity. She said: "On the surface, song titles like 'Suck' and 'Choke' could be seen as being about sex, but when Sepultura wrote a song called 'Choke', no-one attached a sexual meaning to that."[24]
  2. ↑ Italian-Canadian filmmaker Floria Sigismondi was initially brought in to direct the music video for "Brackish", but her treatment was vetoed by Kittie's record label, who were unwilling to pay for its potential production costs.[16]
  3. ↑ Christgau expanded on his grading of Spit in a 2001 interview with Rolling Stone: "I completely approve of [Kittie], I think what they do is great, they just don't do it well. I don't think they're as good as the Donnas, and I don't think they ever will be. [...] people say they really want Kittie to be a good band; it's a men's scene and they're trying to enter it on men's terms, and they're beating it up and all that. But the fact is, they're not beating it up. And so, what good are they gonna do for the guys whose minds they were trying to open up? None. In fact, they're providing them an excuse to say, 'Ah bullshit, girls suck and they can't play rock & roll.' It's the emperor's new clothes, basically."[88]
  4. ↑ Atfield was only credited. She did not perform on Spit.[1]

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Sharpe-Young 2005, p. 187.
  2. ↑ Pierce, Ken (August 11, 2007). "Interviews: Kittie (Morgan and Mercedes Lander, Tara Mcleod)". Piercing Metal. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved April 8, 2023. "[It] will be [Kittie's eleventh birthday] in September".
  3. ↑ McCallum 2017, 6:37–6:57.
  4. ↑ Blanford, Roxanne. "Kittie | Biography & History". AllMusic. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  5. ↑ McCallum 2017, 6:57–7:05, 7:09–7:21, 7:49–7:56.
  6. ↑ McCallum 2017, 7:57–9:00.
  7. ↑ McCallum 2017, 20:39–21:00.
  8. ↑ McCallum 2017, 9:15–9:33.
  9. ↑ Hannaham 2002, p. 25.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Hegt, Liselotte (September 1999). "Kittie: A Goddamn Smack In The Face With A Crowbar!". Metal Maidens. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  11. ↑ McCallum 2017, 10:21–11:12.
  12. ↑ McCallum 2017, 11:42–12:12.
  13. ↑ "Original Kittie Lineup To Reunite?". Blabbermouth.net. March 17, 2012. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  14. ↑ McCallum 2017, 14:38–15:33.
  15. 1 2 Huff, John (July 3, 2014). "An interview with Morgan Lander of Kittie". London Groove Machine. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Leivers, Dannii (September 17, 2021). "The Story Behind The Song: Kittie's Brackish". Metal Hammer (loudersound). Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  17. 1 2 Joseph, Peter (February 8, 2001). "Sno-core Ball hits with metal edge". The GW Hatchet. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  18. ↑ McCallum 2017, 16:35–16:59.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Kelly 2000.
  20. ↑ Karpe 2021, p. 77.
  21. ↑ McCallum 2017, 16:14.
  22. 1 2 Spit (CD liner notes). Kittie. Artemis Records. 2000.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  23. ↑ Nation, Robert (February 28, 2001). "EMAC Recording Studios Mines U.S. Gold" (PDF). emacstudios.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 10, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Brannigan 2000, p. 39.
  25. ↑ McCallum 2017, 19:51–20:18.
  26. ↑ McCallum 2017, 22:01–22:14.
  27. ↑ Waller 2000.
  28. 1 2 3 Hay 2000, p. 16.
  29. 1 2 Tedder, Michael (January 25, 2001). "Cat Powers". The Pitch. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Kittie Bio". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  31. 1 2 Muirhead 2000.
  32. 1 2 3 4 "The 19 Best Nu-Metal Hits of All Time". Fuse. February 11, 2015. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
  33. 1 2 3 Sciarretto 2000, p. 3.
  34. ↑ Bercovici, Jeff (October 1999). "Reviews of Unsigned, Newly Signed or Independent Label Bands". NY Rock. Archived from the original on August 20, 2001. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  35. 1 2 3 Lawrence, Mike (February 24, 2014). "The 25 Best Alternative Metal Albums". Metal Descent. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  36. ↑ Hannaham 2002, p. 26.
  37. ↑ Kalosieh, Jeanne. "Kittie – Spit (1999 Ng Records)". FEMMUSIC. Archived from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  38. 1 2 3 Sokal, Roman (November 30, 1999). "Kittie Spit". Exclaim!. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blanford, Roxanne. "Spit – Kittie". AllMusic. Archived from the original on January 2, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  40. 1 2 P., Oelania. "Kittie – Spit". Teen Ink. Brooklyn, New York, U.S. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  41. ↑ Udo 2002, p. 144.
  42. 1 2 3 4 Morse, Steve (July 27, 2000). "Retail Rage". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
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