Coalition PSD/CDS
Coligação PSD/CDS
AbbreviationPPD/PSD.CDS-PP (official)
LeaderLuís Montenegro
Nuno Melo
Founded1997 (just the two parties) 1979 (Democratic Alliance along PPM)
IdeologyConservatism
Liberal conservatism
Christian democracy
Political positionCentre-right[1] to right-wing[2]
European affiliationEuropean People's Party
International affiliationCentrist Democrat International
International Democrat Union
European Parliament groupEuropean People's Party
Member partiesSocial Democratic Party
CDS – People's Party

The PSD/CDS coalition (Portuguese: Coligação PSD/CDS, PPD/PSD.CDS-PP) is a recurring conservative[3] political and electoral alliance in Portugal formed by the Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP).

Though the history of coaltion between the two parties stretches back over 40 years, the parties have not run together in most elections and, when they did so, they always retained their own autonomous parliamentary groups afterwards.

History

PSD and CDS were founded after the 1974 Revolution that overthrew the Estado Novo dictatorship.

Both parties have had a close affinity for the most part of their existence. Previous to any electoral alliance, they both endorsed the same presidential candidate in the first democratic presidential election of 1976, Ramalho Eanes, who also had the backing of the Socialist Party.

The first time the two parties were together in a coalition was in the general and local elections of 1979, under the Democratic Alliance banner, albeit along with the People's Monarchist Party and the Reformers, a small group of Socialist Party dissidents. This first continuous coalition lasted until 1983 and run a total of two general elections (1979 and 1980) and two local elections (1979 and 1982). Both parties endorsed again a single candidate in the 1980 and 1986 presidential eletions.

The coalition with just the two parties appeared for the first time in the 1997 local elections and, at the local level, it has been expanded in each following election till today, holding, as of 2021, 31 mayors out of 308 municipalities in the country.

The coalition was on the ballot in the 2004 Azores regional election, as Coalition Azores (Portuguese: Coligação Açores, CA).but failed to win that election. The coalition was also on the ballot in the 2023 Madeira regional election, as We are Madeira (Portuguese: Somos Madeira, SM). The coalition has been on the ballot in two European Parliament elections, 2004 as Forward Portugal (Portuguese: Força Portugal, FP), and 2014 as Portugal Alliance (Portuguese: Aliança Portugal, AP).

On elections for the Assembly of the Republic, the coalition was only tried once, in the 2015 legislative election, as Portugal Ahead (Portuguese: Portugal à Frente, PàF). and it polled ahead with almost 39% of the votes, but was unable to remain in power as it didn't gain enough seats for a majority. In the Presidential elections, the candidates supported by a PSD/CDS coalition have won every single election since 2006.

Election results

Assembly of the Republic

2015 legislative election

Logo of the Portugal Ahead (PáF) coalition.
Flag of the Portugal Ahead (PáF) coalition.

For the 2015 legislative election, PSD and CDS-PP ran under a coalition with the name Portugal Ahead. In the legislative election on 5 October 2015, the PSD/CDS-PP joint list received 36.9% of the vote and returned 102 seats in the Assembly of the Republic, with the PSD electing 5 deputies on standalone lists in Madeira and Azores.[4]

Although the coalition won the elections, and surprised many analysts and pundits, the left parties together had a majority in Parliament, and opted to negotiate a confidence-and-supply agreement, thus refusing to allow for a second PSD/CDS-PP cabinet. For the first time in Portuguese democracy the Socialist Party, the second most voted political force in the elections, negotiated with the BE, the PCP and the PEV a formation of a new government.

Following the fall of the short-lived 20th Constitutional Government, the "natural" extinction of the coalition was declared on 16 December 2015 by Passos Coelho: "No formal act is necessary to put an end to it".[5][6]

Election Coalition name Leader Votes  % Seats Government
Countrywide coalitions
2015 Portugal Ahead Pedro Passos Coelho 2,085,465 38.6 (#1)
107 / 230
 Coalition[lower-alpha 1]
Opposition
2024 Democratic Alliance[lower-alpha 2] Luís Montenegro TBD TBD TBD TBD
Coalitions in some districts
2022 All, in coalition and separately[lower-alpha 3] Rui Rio 1,707,456 30.69 (#2)
77 / 230
 Opposition
Madeira First (Madeira) 50,634 39.83 (#1) 3 / 6
Democratic Alliance[lower-alpha 2] (Azores) 28,520 33.92 (#2) 2 / 5

    European Parliament

    2004 European Parliament election

    As Forward Portugal (Força Portugal, FP)

    Election Leader Votes  % Seats
    2004 João de Deus Pinheiro 1,132,769 33.3 (#2)
    7 / 21

    2014 European Parliament election

    An alliance was formed as the Portugal Alliance (Aliança Portugal) for the 2014 European Parliament election, in which the alliance won 27.7% of the popular vote and 7 of Portugal's 21 seats in the European Parliament, sitting with the European People's Party Group.[7]

    As Portugal Alliance (Aliança Portugal, AP)

    Election Leader Votes  % Seats
    2014 Paulo Rangel 910,647 27.7 (#2)
    7 / 21

    Regional Assemblies

    2004 Azores regional election

    As Azores Coalition (Coligação Açores, CA)

    Election Leader Votes  % Seats Government
    2004 Victor do Couto Cruz 38,883 36.8 (#2)
    21 / 52
    		 Opposition

    2023 Madeira regional election

    As We are Madeira (Somos Madeira, SM)

    Election Leader Votes  % Seats Government
    2023 Miguel Albuquerque 58,394 43.1 (#1)
    23 / 47
    		 Coalition[lower-alpha 4]

    Local elections

    Only in contests where PSD and CDS-PP ran in a joint coalition.

    Election Votes  % Councillors +/- Mayors +/- Assemblies +/- Parishes +/-
    1997 124,859 2.3 (#6)
    7 / 2,021
    		 New
    0 / 305
    		 New
    22 / 6,807
    		 New
    561 / 33,953
    		 New
    2001 472,581 9.0 (#4)
    114 / 2,044
    		 Increase103
    15 / 308
    		 Increase15
    427 / 6,876
    		 Increase392
    2,124 / 34,569
    		 Increase1,486
    2005 462,199 8.6 (#4)
    131 / 2,046
    		 Increase17
    18 / 308
    		 Increase3
    407 / 6,885
    		 Decrease20
    2,065 / 34,498
    		 Decrease59
    2009 540,053 9.8 (#3)
    157 / 2,078
    		 Increase21
    19 / 308
    		 Increase1
    522 / 6,946
    		 Increase115
    2,911 / 34,498
    		 Increase847
    2013 379,110 7.6 (#4)
    154 / 2,086
    		 Decrease3
    16 / 308
    		 Decrease3
    493 / 6,487
    		 Decrease29
    2,096 / 27,167
    		 Decrease815
    2017 454,222 8.8 (#4)
    169 / 2,074
    		 Increase15
    16 / 308
    		 Steady0
    539 / 6,461
    		 Increase46
    2,486 / 27,005
    		 Increase390
    2021 540,783 10.8 (#3)
    239 / 2,064
    		 Increase70
    31 / 308
    		 Increase15
    751 / 6,448
    		 Increase212
    3,210 / 26,790
    		 Increase724

    Presidential elections

    The table below shows the electoral results[8] of presidential candidates who were endorsed by both parties, besides endorsements by other parties.

    Election Candidate 1st round 2nd round
    Votes  % Votes  %
    1976 António Ramalho Eanes 2,967,414 61.54 (#1) – –
    1980 António Soares Carneiro 2,319,847 40.21 (#2) – –
    1986 Diogo Freitas do Amaral 2,628,178 46.31 (#1) 2,864,728 48.72 (#2)
    1996 Aníbal Cavaco Silva 2,606,236 46.17 (#2) – –
    2001 Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral 1,493,858 34.54 (#2) – –
    2006 Aníbal Cavaco Silva 2,746,689 50.59 (#1) – –
    2011 2,231,603 52.95 (#1) – –
    2016 Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 2,411,925 52.0 (#1) – –
    2021 2,534,745 60.7 (#1) – –

    Leaders

    Luís Montenegro, Incumbent PSD leader.
    Nuno Melo, Incumbent CDS-PP leader.
    Date
    (start of term)    		 PSD CDS-PP
    22 March 1992 Manuel Monteiro
    29 March 1996 Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
    22 March 1998 Paulo Portas
    1 May 1999 José Durão Barroso
    30 June 2004 Pedro Santana Lopes
    10 April 2005 Luís Marques Mendes
    24 April 2005 José Ribeiro e Castro
    21 April 2007 Paulo Portas
    28 September 2007 Luís Filipe Menezes
    31 May 2008 Manuela Ferreira Leite
    26 March 2010 Pedro Passos Coelho
    13 March 2016 Assunção Cristas
    18 February 2018 Rui Rio
    25 January 2020 Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos
    2 April 2022 Nuno Melo
    3 July 2022 Luís Montenegro

    Notes

    1. ↑ Minority government (2015); Opposition (2015–2019).
    2. 1 2 The Democratic Alliance includes the People's Monarchist Party.
    3. ↑ PSD and CDS ran in coalition in only two constituencies: Azores (along with PPM) and Madeira (just the two). Nationwide, PPM only ran by itself in one constituency, Madeira, where it got 260 votes. These isolated PPM votes are not taken into account because they are not related to PSD or CDS candidacies.
    4. ↑ Coalition government Social Democratic Party-CDS–PP; Confidence & supply gov't: PSD/CDS-PP ⇐ (PAN).

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ "Portugal election: centre-right coalition retains power but could lose majority". The Guardian. Reuters. 5 October 2015.
    2. ↑ "Portugal parliamentary election 2019: Who are the main parties?" Euronews. 5 October 2019.
    3. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.
    4. ↑ "Legislativas 2015 - Resultados Globais". Archived from the original on 2015-10-16. Retrieved 2015-10-05.
    5. ↑ (16 December 2015) Passos Coelho diz que a coligação "acabou" TSF. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
    6. ↑ (16 December 2015) Passos: Coligação com CDS acabou Expresso. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
    7. ↑ "Results by country: Portugal". Results of the 2014 European elections. European Parliament. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
    8. ↑ "Resultados Eleitorais". Secretaria-Geral do Ministério da Administração Interna. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
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