Prime Minister of Libya
رئيس الوزراء ليبيا
Incumbent
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (GNU)
Osama Hammad (GNS, HoR)
since 15 March 2021 (Dbeibeh)
Acting since 16 May 2023 (Hamada, during suspension of Fathi Bashagha)
Government of National Unity
StyleMr. Prime Minister
His Excellency
StatusHead of government
Member ofCabinet of Libya
Reports toChairman of the Presidential Council
SeatTripoli, Libya
Formation29 March 1951 (1951-03-29)
First holderMahmud al-Muntasir
DeputyDeputy Prime Minister

This article lists the heads of government of Libya since the country's independence in 1951.

Libya is in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan Crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the collapse of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and the killing of Muammar Gaddafi, amidst the First Civil War and the foreign military intervention.[1][2][3] The crisis was deepened by the factional violence in the aftermath of the First Civil War, resulting in the outbreak of the Second Civil War in 2014.[4] The control over the country is currently split between the Government of National Stability (GNS)—supported by the House of Representatives (HoR)—in Tobruk and the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli and their respective supporters, as well as various jihadist groups and tribal elements controlling parts of the country.[5][6]

Heads of government of Libya (1951–present)

Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)

No. Name Portrait Lifespan Term of office Political affiliation
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Mahmud al-Muntasir 1903–1970 29 March 1951 19 February 1954 2 years, 327 days Independent
Prime Minister. First tenure in the office. Served in acting capacity until 24 December 1951.
2 Muhammad Sakizli 1892–1976 19 February 1954 12 April 1954 52 days Independent
Prime Minister.
3 Mustafa Ben Halim 1921–2021 12 April 1954 26 May 1957 3 years, 44 days Independent
Prime Minister.
4 Abdul Majid Kabar 1909–1988 26 May 1957 17 October 1960 3 years, 144 days Independent
Prime Minister.
5 Muhammad Osman Said 1924–2007 17 October 1960 19 March 1963 2 years, 153 days Independent
Prime Minister.
6 Mohieddin Fikini 1925–1994 19 March 1963 20 January 1964 307 days Independent
Prime Minister.
(1) Mahmud al-Muntasir 1903–1970 20 January 1964 20 March 1965 1 year, 59 days Independent
Prime Minister. Second tenure in the office.
7 Hussein Maziq 1918–2006 20 March 1965 2 July 1967 2 years, 104 days Independent
Prime Minister.
8 Abdul Qadir al-Badri 1921–2003 2 July 1967 25 October 1967 115 days Independent
Prime Minister.
9 Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush 1933–2007 25 October 1967 4 September 1968 315 days Independent
Prime Minister.
10 Wanis al-Qaddafi 1922–1986 4 September 1968 31 August 1969 361 days Independent
Prime Minister. Deposed in the 1969 coup d'état.

Libya under Gaddafi (1969–2011)

Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)

11 Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi 1935–2009 8 September 1969 16 January 1970 130 days Independent
Prime Minister.
12 Muammar Gaddafi 1942–2011 16 January 1970 16 July 1972 2 years, 182 days Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Prime Minister. Simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC).
13 Abdessalam Jalloud born 1944 16 July 1972 2 March 1977 4 years, 229 days Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Prime Minister.

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)

14 Abdul Ati al-Obeidi 1939–2023 2 March 1977 2 March 1979 2 years Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the General People's Committee (GPCO). Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1979 to 1981.
15 Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi born 1939 2 March 1979 16 February 1984 4 years, 351 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. First tenure in the office.
16 Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab born 1940 16 February 1984 3 March 1986 2 years, 15 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Previously served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1981 to 1984. Afterwards served as Governor of the Central Bank of Libya, from 1987 to 1990 and in 2011.
(15) Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi born 1939 3 March 1986 1 March 1987 363 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Second tenure in the office. Served at the time of the 1986 United States bombing (Operation El Dorado Canyon).
17 Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir 1939–2001 1 March 1987[7] 7 October 1990 3 years, 220 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
18 Abuzed Omar Dorda 1944–2022 7 October 1990 29 January 1994 3 years, 114 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as head of the Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya (national intelligence service), from 2009 to 2011.[8][9]
19 Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud 1943–2021 29 January 1994 29 December 1997 3 years, 334 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
20 Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush born 1967 29 December 1997 1 March 2000 2 years, 63 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
21 Imbarek Shamekh born 1952 1 March 2000 14 June 2003 3 years, 105 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 2009 to 2010.
22 Shukri Ghanem 1942–2012 14 June 2003 5 March 2006[10] 2 years, 264 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
23 Baghdadi Mahmudi born 1945 5 March 2006 23 August 2011 5 years, 171 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Served at the time of the First Civil War and the concurrent foreign military intervention. Deposed during the Battle of Tripoli.

Transitional period (2011–present)

24 Mahmoud Jibril 1952–2020 5 March 2011 23 October 2011 232 days Independent
Prime Minister; served as Head of the Executive Team of the National Transitional Council (NTC) until 23 March 2011. In rebellion to 23 August 2011, based in Benghazi during this period.
— Ali Tarhouni born 1951 23 October 2011 24 November 2011 32 days Independent
Deputy Prime Minister, assumed office as caretaker.
— Abdurrahim El-Keib 1950–2020 24 November 2011 14 November 2012 356 days Independent
Acting Prime Minister.
25 Ali Zeidan born 1950 14 November 2012 11 March 2014 1 year, 117 days National Party for Development and Welfare
Prime Minister. Briefly kidnapped by armed militants during the 2013 coup d'état attempt. Survived the February 2014 coup d'état attempt.
Following the 2014 parliamentary election, the government was split between the newly-elected House of Representatives (HoR) and the outgoing General National Congress (GNC), resulting in the Second Civil War. The 2014 elections were declared invalid by the Supreme Court in November 2014.[11]
26 Abdullah al-Thani born 1954 11 March 2014 5 April 2016 2 years, 25 days Independent
Prime Minister. In rebellion, based in Tobruk from August 2014, then in Bayda. Internationally recognized until 12 March 2016. Served in acting capacity until 8 April 2014. Survived the May 2014 coup d'état attempt.
— Ahmed Maiteeq born 1972 25 May 2014 9 June 2014 15 days Independent
Prime Minister. Appointment declared invalid by the Supreme Court.
— Omar al-Hassi born 1949 6 September 2014 31 March 2015 206 days Independent
Prime Minister of the National Salvation Government (NSG). In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
— Khalifa al-Ghawil born 1964 31 March 2015 5 April 2016 1 year, 5 days Independent
Prime Minister of the NSG. Served in acting capacity until 1 December 2015. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
Following the inauguration of the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord (GNA), the government remain split between the HoR and the NSG, recreated after the 2016 coup d'état attempt. However, the High Council of State (HCS), based in Tripoli, recognized the GNA.
27 Fayez al-Sarraj born 1960 5 April 2016 15 March 2021 4 years, 306 days Independent
Prime Minister of the GNA, simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Presidential Council. Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
— Khalifa al-Ghawil born 1964 14 October 2016 16 March 2017 153 days Independent
Prime Minister of the recreated NSG. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
— Abdullah al-Thani born 1954 5 April 2016 15 March 2021 4 years, 344 days Independent
Prime Minister of the HoR. Based in opposition in Tobruk.
28 Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh born 1958 15 March 2021 Incumbent 2 years, 303 days Independent
Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity (GNU). Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
— Fathi Bashagha born 1962 3 March 2022 16 May 2023 1 year, 74 days Independent
Prime Minister of the Government of National Stability (GNS), supported by the HoR. Based in opposition in Sirte.[12][13][14] Suspended by the HoR on 16 May 2023.[15]
— Osama Hammad born 1979 16 May 2023 Incumbent 241 days Independent
Incumbent Minister of Finance. Acting Prime Minister of the GNS, supported by the HoR. Designated Acting Prime Minister by the HoR during the suspension of Fathi Bashagha.[15]

Timeline

Osama HammadFathi BashaghaAbdul Hamid DbeibehFayez al-SarrajKhalifa al-GhawilOmar al-HassiAhmed MaiteeqAbdullah al-ThaniAli ZeidanAbdurrahim El-KeibAli TarhouniMahmoud JibrilBaghdadi MahmudiShukri GhanemImbarek ShamekhMuhammad Ahmad al-MangoushAbdul Majid al-Qa′udAbuzed Omar DordaUmar Mustafa al-MuntasirMuhammad az-Zaruq RajabJadallah Azzuz at-TalhiAbdul Ati al-ObeidiAbdessalam JalloudMuammar GaddafiMahmud Suleiman MaghribiWanis al-QaddafiAbdul Hamid al-BakkoushAbdul Qadir al-BadriHussein MaziqMohieddin FikiniMuhammad Osman SaidAbdul Majid KabarMustafa Ben HalimMuhammad SakizliMahmud al-Muntasir

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Libya mired in chaos 10 years after Arab Spring". Agence France-Presse. France 24. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ↑ "10 years since Kadhafi death, stability still eludes Libya". Agence France-Presse. France 24. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ↑ "Feature: Libyans struggling in poverty, chaos 10 years after NATO intervention". Xinhua News Agency. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  4. ↑ "Libya's Second Civil War: How did it come to this?". Conflict News. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
    National Post View (24 February 2015). "National Post View: Stabilizing Libya may be the best way to keep Europe safe". National Post. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  5. ↑ Pelham, Nicolas (February 2015). "Libya Against Itself". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  6. ↑ Fadel, L. "Libya's Crisis: A Shattered Airport, Two Parliaments, Many Factions". Archived 2015-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ "The World". LA Times. 3 March 1987. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  8. ↑ "Libyan ex-PM named new spy chief". IOL. Agence France-Presse. 12 April 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  9. ↑ William Maclean (11 September 2011). "Exclusive: At bay, captured Libyan spy chief defiant". Reuters. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  10. ↑ "Libya's reforming premier sacked". BBC News. 6 March 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  11. ↑ "Libya court 'invalidates' parliament". BBC News. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  12. ↑ "Libyan parliament swears in new PM as crisis deepens". Al Jazeera. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  13. ↑ Assad, Abdulkader (3 March 2022). "Bashagha's government sworn in at HoR in Tobruk". Libya Observer. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  14. ↑ Zaptia, Sami (8 June 2022). "Bashagha government is to resume its work from the city of Sirte". Libya Herald. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  15. 1 2 "Libya parliament suspends rival eastern-based PM Bashagha". Al Jazeera. 16 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
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