Mohammad Abul Kashem
মোহাম্মদ আবুল কাশেম
Kashem receiving Ekushey Padak (1987)
Born(1920-06-28)28 June 1920
Chittagong District, Bengal, British India (now Bangladesh)
Died11 March 1991(1991-03-11) (aged 70)
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Spouses
  • Rahela Kashem
  • Momtaz Kashem

Mohammad Abul Kashem (known as Principal Abul Kashem, 28 June 1920 – 11 March 1991) is generally considered as a pioneer and the architect of the historic Language Movement of Bangladesh. He was also a politician, author and an eminent educationist.[1][2] He founded the Islamic-oriented Bengali cultural organisation Tamaddun Majlish.

Early life

Kashem was born on 28 June 1920 at a village Cheebandy-Barama under Chandanaish Upazila of district of Chittagong.[3] In 1939, Kashem obtained his Matriculation Examination from Boroma Trahi Menka High School with first class and Government district scholarship. He passed Isc from Chittagong government College in 1941 with first class. From Dhaka University, he obtained a Bachelor of Science (honors) in Physics in 1944 and a Master of Science degree in physics in 1945. He completed his master's thesis under the supervision of the famous mathematician and physicist Satyendra Nath Bose.[2][4]

Involvement in Language Movement

Kashem was associated with the literary and cultural activities of Bangladesh for five decades. He contributed in the movement for recognition of Bengali as one of the state languages of Pakistan soon after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. On 1 September 1947 he founded the Pakistan Tamaddun Majlish as a non-political cultural organisation to mobilise students, intellectuals and the people in general for the Bengali language. On 15 September 1947 he published a booklet entitled, Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu? (Pakistan's state language: Bengali or Urdu?) demanding introduction of Bengali as one of the state language of whole Pakistan.[5] This booklet also strongly advocated for Bengali as the medium of education, court language and for its use in the offices in East Pakistan. Also his untiring efforts let to the formation of the first Rashtrabhasa Sangram Parishad (State Language Committee of Action) on 1 October 1947 with Nurul Huq Bhuiyan as the convener and he himself as the treasurer. On 6 December 1947, a meeting was held under the president-ship of Kashem in Dhaka University campus which protested the resolution of the education week held in Karachi suggesting Urdu as the state language and the lingua franca of Pakistan. A protest procession was brought out from the meeting, which met Khawaja Nazimuddin, the provincial Chief Minister, and other ministers. Khawaja Nazimuddin gave a written assurance to the Action Committee that he would do the needful to introduce Bengali as one of the state language of Pakistan. Kashem actively participated in organising a countrywide strike on 11 March 1948, to press for the language demand. As the outcome of the strike, on the eve of the impending visit of Mohammad Ali Jinnah (the founder of Pakistan) to Dhaka, the then Provincial Government had no other alternative but to sign an agreement with the action committee on 15 March 1948 for introducing Bengali as one of the state language of Pakistan.[2][4]

Career

Kashem began his career as a lecturer in the Physics department at Dhaka University in 1946. As a lecturer, he was the first person who delivered lectures in the Bengali at Dhaka University. He held his lecturer position until 1953.[6]

Kashem was actively associated with politics. He was co-founders of the Khilafat-e-Rabbani Party in 1952. He was a member of the provincial assembly as a United Front nominee in 1954 from the Patia-Boalkhali constituency in Chittagong.[2] While a member of the Legislative Assembly, he moved a resolution for introduction of Bengali as the medium of education at all levels. On 30 September 1956, he proposed Bengali as the state-language and it was approved unanimously and thus, Bengali received constitutional recognition as one of the State language of Pakistan.[2] He founded the weekly Sainik in 1948, which acted as a mouthpiece of the historic Language Movement.

He felt the need of introducing Bengali as medium of higher education in colleges and universities. With his dream, he established the Bangla College at Mirpur, Dhaka in 1962 and served the college as Principal until 1981. He was the forerunner in introducing textbooks in Bengali for higher education and contributed much in initiating the Bengali version of the question papers for higher education.[6]

Certificate of Ekushey Padak awarded to Language Soldier Abul Kashem in Bengali language. (English translation : 'Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh' 'Ekushey Padak' 'Letter of Honor' 'The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh has awarded the Ekushey Padak of 1987 to Mr. Mohammad Abul Kashem for his glorious contribution and achievement in the field of education.' '7 Falgun 1394', '20 February 1988' 'President')

Kashem received a number of national and social awards, including Independence Day Award in 1993, Ekushey Padak in 1987, Bangla Academy Literary Award (for his book Biggan Somaj O Dhormo) in 1982, Islamic foundation Award in 1988, Pakistan Writers guild award in 1964 etc. He was accorded a national reception in Dhaka in 1989 which was attended by eminent scholars and litterateurs of Bangladesh and India. In 2007, Dhaka City Corporation named the former Darussalam Road of Mirpur-1 as Bhasha Sainik Principal Abul Kashem Road for his contribution to historic Language Movement.[7]

Kashem died at the Suhrawardy Hospital in Dhaka on Monday 11 March 1991.

List of works

A prolific writer, Kashem authored nearly 100 books including textbooks on science for postgraduate student and on education, Islam, culture and politics. These include 40 textbooks on physics and other science subjects for college and university levels. Some of his well-known books are:

Bengali

Islam
* ইসলাম কি দিয়েছে ও কি দিতে পারেIslam Ki Diyeche O Ki Dite Pare1952
* বুঝে নামাজ পড়Buje Namaz Poro1968
* ইসলামের রাষ্ট্রী্য় আদর্শIslamer Rashtio Adorsho1980
* ইসলামী মেনিফেস্টোIslami Manifesto1952
* একমাত্র পথAkmatro Path1949
* ঘোষনাGhoshona1952
Islam & Science
* আধুনিক চিন্তাধারাOadunik Chintadhara1968
* বিজ্ঞান বস্তুবাদ ও আল্লাহর অস্তিত্বBiggan Bostubadh O Allahor Ostitto1968
* বিবর্তনবাদ সৃষ্টিতত্ত্ব ও আল্লাহর অস্তিত্ব Bibortonbadh Sristitotto O Allahor Ostitto1969
* বিজ্ঞান সমাজ ধর্ম Biggan Shomaz Dhormo1982
Economics
* কোরানিক অর্থনীতিQuranic Orthoniti1971
* পাকিস্তানের অর্থনীতিPakistaner Orthoniti1965
International Politics
*তৃতীয় ব্লক আন্দোলনTritio Block Andolon1952
History
*পাকিস্তানের রাষ্ট্রভাষা: বাংলা না উর্দু?Pakistan er Rastrobhasha Bangla Na Urdu?1947
*ভাষা আন্দোলনের ইতিহাসBhasha Andoloner Ithihash1952
*আমাদের অতীতOamader Otit1957
Bangla College Related
* বাংলা কলেজের চাকরীর নিয়মাবলীBangla Colleger Chakurir Niomaboli1968
* বাংলা কলেজ প্রসঙ্গেBangla College Prosonge1968 (2nd Edition)
* বাংলা কলেজ কি, কেন, এবং কিরুপBangla College Ki, Keno, Abong Kirup1962
* ঈর্ষা বনাম সাধনাIrsha Bonab Shadona1965
* বাংলা কলেজের অগ্রগতি ও ভবিষ্যৎBangla Colleger Ogrogoti O Bhobishat1964
Others
* শাসনতান্ত্রিক মুলনীতিOadunik Chintadhara1968
* বৈজ্ঞানিক দৃষ্টিতে শ্রেণীসংগ্রামBoiganik Dhristite Srenisongram 1952
* মুক্তি কোন পথেMukti kon Pothe1952
* ইসলামী রাষ্টনীতিIslami rastroneeti1967
* আমাদের ভাষার রুপAmader Bhashar Rhup1962
* বাংলা প্রচলনের কয়েকটি সমস্যাBnagla Procholoner Koyekti Somosha1967
* অফিস-আদালত ও শিক্ষার বাহনরুপে বাংলা প্রচলনের সমস্যাoffice-Adaloter O Shikkhar Bahonrupe Bangla Procholoner SomoshaUnknown
* সহজ বাংলাShohoj Bangla1974
* একুশ দফার রুপায়নEkush daffer Rupaon1953
* কৃষক ভাইয়ের জমি চাইKrishok Bhaiyer Jomi ChaiUnknown
* শ্রমিক ভাইয়ের জমি চাইSromik Bhaiyer Jomi ChaiUnknown
* দুইটি প্রশ্নDuti Prosno1955
* ভুলের পুনরাবৃত্তিBhuler Punorabritti1953
* রাষ্টবিজ্ঞানRastrobiggan1964
* সংগঠনSongothon1952
* আধুনিক কারবার পদ্ধতিAdunik Karbar Poddoti1966
* ছাত্র আন্দোলনChatro Andolon1951
* প্রবন্ধ মঞ্জুষাProbondho Monzusa1989
Textbooks
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক পদার্থিকা, ১ম খন্ডUcchomaddomik Podarthika 1st part1964
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক পদার্থিকা, ২য় খন্ডUcchomaddomik Podarthika 2nd part1964
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ল্যাবরেটরী পদার্থিকাUcchomaddomik Laboratory Podarthika1964
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক রসায়ন, ১ম খন্ড (অজৈব)Ucchomaddomik Rosayan, 1st part1965
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক রসায়ন, ২য় খন্ড (জৈব)Ucchomaddomik Rosayan, 2nd part1965
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ল্যাবরেটরী রসায়নUcchomaddomik Laboratory Rosayan1964
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক এলজেব্রাUcchomaddomik Algebra1964
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ক্যালকুলাসUcchomaddomik Calculus1966
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক জ্যামিতিUcchomaddomik Geometry1964
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ডিনামিক্সUcchomaddomik Dynamics1968
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ত্রিকোনমিতিUcchomaddomik Trigonometry1964
* উচ্চমাধ্যমিক স্টেটিস্কUcchomaddomik Statics1967
* বিজ্ঞান প্রকাশ (৭ম ও ৮ম শ্রেণীর)Bhiggan Prokash (for 7th and 8th grade)1949
* বিজ্ঞান প্রকাশ (৯ম ও ১০ম শ্রেণীর)Bhiggan Prokash (for 9th and 10th grade)1949
* মাধ্যমিক ত্রিকোনমিতিMaddomik Trigonometry1964
* ডিগ্রি পদার্থিকাDegree Padarthika1971
* সহজ পদার্থিকা, ১ম খন্ডShohoj Padarthika, 1st Part1974
* সহজ পদার্থিকা, ২য় খন্ডShohoj Padarthika, 2nd part1974
* সহজ রসায়ন, ১ম খন্ডShohoj Rosaya, 1st part1962
* সহজ রসায়ন, ২য় খন্ডShohoj Rosayan, 2nd part1962
* ল্যাবরেটরী রসায়ন (৯ম ও ১০ম শ্রেণীর)Laboratory Roshayan (9th and 10th grade)1975
* ল্যাবরেটরী পদার্থবিজ্ঞান (৯ম ও ১০ম শ্রেণীর)Laboratory Podarthobiggan (9th and 10th grade)1975
* ল্যাবরেটরী জীববিজ্ঞান (৯ম ও ১০ম শ্রেণীর)Laboratory Jibobiggan (9th and 10th grade)1975

English

Islam & Science
* Islam Science & Modern Thoughts1975
* Universal Ideology in the Light of Modern ThoughtUnknown
Textbooks
* Degree Physics1970
* General Properties of Matter1955
* New Physics (1st part)1955, 6th Edition 1966
* New Physics (2nd part)1956, 6th Edition 1966
* Inter Physics Tutor part 11955
* Inter Physics Tutor part 21955
* Laboratory Physics3rd Edition 1970

References

  1. "Principal Abul Kashem's Death Anniversary Today". The Bangladesh Observer. 11 March 2005. Archived from the original on 24 November 2005. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Ahmad, Quazi Azizuddin (1991). Principal Abul Kashem Sharok Grantho: A commemorative book on Principal Abul Kashem. Chittagong: Principal Abul Kashem Shreti Parishod.
  3. the daily Ittefaq report, "Principal Abul Kashemer intekal". The Daily Ittefaq, 12 March 1991.
  4. 1 2 Mahmud, Akif bin, Principal Abul Kashem: Matrivashake gire je full bekoseto. The Weekly Bangla Patrika, Friday 24 March 2006
  5. Mukul, M.R. Aktar, Vhasa Andoloner jinni suchona kore chilan. Daily Bangla, 10 March 1993
  6. 1 2 "Death anniversary of Principal Abul Kashem today". The New Nation. 11 March 2005.
  7. Mahmud, Akif, Dui Banglar Shudijoner drestite Principal Abul Kashem. Weekly Thikana, 30 June 2006
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.