| Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) | |
|---|---|
| Background | |
| Type | Hormonal |
| First use | 1957[1] |
| Pregnancy rates (first year) | |
| Perfect use | ? |
| Typical use | ? |
| Usage | |
| Reversibility | Yes |
| User reminders | ? |
| Advantages and disadvantages | |
| STI protection | No |
Progestogen-only injectable contraceptives (POICs) are a form of hormonal contraception and progestogen-only contraception that are administered by injection and providing long-lasting birth control.[2][3] As opposed to combined injectable contraceptives, they contain only a progestogen without an estrogen, and include two progestin preparations:[2][3]
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate (brand names Depo-Provera, Provera, Depo-subQ Provera 104)[4] – 150 mg (intramuscularly) or 104 mg (subcutaneously) every 3 months[3]
- Norethisterone enanthate (brand names NET EN, Noristerat, Norigest, Doryxas)[5] – 200 mg (intramuscularly) every 2 months[3]
Research
Progestogens that have been studied for potential use as POICs but were never marketed as such include the progesterone derivatives algestone acetophenide (dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide) (100 mg/month), chlormadinone acetate (250 mg/3 months), hydroxyprogesterone caproate (250–500 mg/month), gestonorone caproate (2.5–200 mg/1–2 months), and oxogestone phenpropionate (50–75 mg/month), and the testosterone derivatives lynestrenol phenylpropionate (25–75 mg/month), levonorgestrel butanoate, levonorgestrel cyclobutylcarboxylate, and levonorgestrel cyclopropylcarboxylate.[6][7] Some of these have been introduced for use in combined injectable contraceptives instead.[6][8][9]
See also
References
- ↑ Singh M, Saxena BB, Singh R, Kaplan J, Ledger WJ (1997). "Contraceptive efficacy of norethindrone encapsulated in injectable biodegradable poly-dl-lactide-co-glycolide microspheres (NET-90): phase III clinical study". Advances in Contraception. 13 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1023/a:1006519027168. PMID 9181181. S2CID 44918557.
In 1957, Karl Junkmann developed norethindrone enanthate (NET-EN or Noristeroir), the first injectable contraceptive which was injected every two months [1].
- 1 2 P. F. A. van Look; Kristian Heggenhougen; Stella R. Quah (January 2011). Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Public Health Perspective. Academic Press. pp. 82–. ISBN 978-0-12-385009-6.
- 1 2 3 4 Nagrath Arun; Malhotra Narendra; Seth Shikha (15 December 2012). Progress in Obstetrics and Gynecology--3. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 416–. ISBN 978-93-5090-575-3.
- ↑ Mary Lee; Archana Desai (2007). Gibaldi's Drug Delivery Systems in Pharmaceutical Care. ASHP. pp. 328–. ISBN 978-1-58528-136-7.
- ↑ Chaudhuri (1 January 2007). Practice Of Fertility Control: A Comprehensive Manual (7Th ed.). Elsevier India. pp. 154–. ISBN 978-81-312-1150-2.
- 1 2 Mokhtar K. Toppozada (1983). "Monthly Injectable Contraceptives". In Alfredo Goldsmith; Mokhtar Toppozada (eds.). Long-Acting Contraception. pp. 93–103. OCLC 35018604.
- ↑ Dr. S. S. Kadam (July 2007). PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY Vol. - II. Pragati Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. 381–. ISBN 978-81-85790-03-9.
- ↑ Benagiano, G., & Merialdi, M. (2011). Carl Djerassi and the World Health Organisation special programme of research in human reproduction. Journal für Reproduktionsmedizin und Endokrinologie-Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology, 8(1), 10-13. http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/10163.pdf
- ↑ Toppozada M (June 1977). "The clinical use of monthly injectable contraceptive preparations". Obstet Gynecol Surv. 32 (6): 335–47. doi:10.1097/00006254-197706000-00001. PMID 865726.