| Proto-Loloish | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Loloish languages |
Reconstructed ancestor | |
Proto-Loloish is the reconstructed ancestor of the Loloish languages. Reconstructions include those of David Bradley (1979), James Matisoff (2003), and Ziwo Lama (2012).
In later publications, in place of Loloish, David Bradley instead uses the term Ngwi based on a conservative autonym in the Sanie language.[1]
Bradley (1979)
Matisoff (2003)
Li (2011)
Li Yongsui (2011) reconstructs Proto-Lolo-Burmese (Proto-Mian-Yi 缅彝) based on 30 languages.
Lama (2012)
Lama (2012) reconstructs 37 consonants for Proto-Loloish (which he calls Proto-Nisoic), 7 of which (marked in green) can occur as syllable finals. The glides /w/ and /j/ occur medially.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stops | Voiceless | p | t | ts | tɕ | k | ʔ | ||||||
| Voiceless aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | h | |||||||
| Voiced | b | d | dz | dʑ | ɡ | ||||||||
| Prenasalized | mb | nd | ndz | ndʑ | ŋɡ | ||||||||
| Fricatives | Voiceless | s | x | ||||||||||
| Voiced | z | ʑ | ɣ | ||||||||||
| Nasals | Voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||
| Liquids and Semivowels |
Voiced | -w- | l | r | -j- | ||||||||
- Vowels (8): /i/, /y/, /ɯ/, /u/, /e/, /o/, /ɔ/, /a/
- Tones (5): 1, 2, 3 (unchecked tones), H, L (checked tones)
References and notes
- ↑ Bradley, David. 2005. "Sanie and language loss in China".International Journal of the Sociology of Language. Volume 2005, Issue 173, Pp. 159–176.
- Bradley, David. 1979. Proto-Loloish. London: Curzon Press. ISBN 978-0-7007-0128-5.
- Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan. 2012. Subgrouping Of Nisoic (Yi) Languages: A Study From The Perspectives Of Shared Innovation And Phylogenetic Estimation Archived 2014-04-08 at the Wayback Machine. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington.
- Li Yongsui [李永燧]. 2011. Burmo-Yi Phonology [缅彝语音韵学]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy Press.
- Matisoff, James. 2003. Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction. University of California publications in linguistics, v. 135. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-09843-5.
See also
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
| ||||
| East and Southeast Asia |
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| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
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