The provincial council (Dutch: Provinciale Staten, PS), also known as the States Provincial, is the provincial parliament and legislative assembly in each of the provinces of the Netherlands. It is elected for each province simultaneously once every four years and has the responsibility for matters of sub-national or regional importance. The number of seats in a provincial council is proportional to its population.

The provincial councils originated as Estates assemblies in the Middle Ages, hence the name 'States Provincial'. From 1813 to 1850, the noble members of the ridderschap chose one-third of the members of the provincial councils. Johan Rudolf Thorbecke's reforms and his 'Provinces Law' (Provinciewet) of 1850 brought this privilege to an end.

The provincial council chooses the provincial executive, which is the executive organ of the province. Originally, the States Provincial themselves also had executive powers and chose the provincial executive from among their own members. On 11 March 2003, the two institutions split.

The principal roles of the provincial council have become to set general policies, represent the people, approve provincial legislation and the annual budget and to oversee the executive. Both the provincial executive and the provincial council are chaired by the King's Commissioner in the province, appointed by the monarch every six years.

The last provincial elections were held on 15 March 2023.

Three months after their election, the combined members of the States Provincial elect the members of the Senate of the States General of the Netherlands.

Number of seats in each provincial council

The size of the provincial councils ranges from 39 members for a province with less than 400,000 inhabitants to 55 members for a province with more than 2,000,000 inhabitants.

Before 2007, they ranged from 47 members for a province with less than 200,000 inhabitants to 83 members for a province with more than 2,500,000 inhabitants. As a consequence of a change to the Provinciewet, starting at the provincial elections of 7 March 2007, the total number of provincial councillors was reduced from 764 to 564. A survey of the change in seats per province:

ProvinceSeats 2003Seats 2007Seats 2011Seats 2015Seats 2019Seats 2023
Groningen554343434343
Friesland554343434343
Drenthe514141414143
Overijssel634747474747
Flevoland473939414141
Gelderland755355555555
Utrecht634747494949
North Holland835555555555
South Holland835555555555
Zeeland473939393939
North Brabant795555555555
Limburg634747474747
Total764564566570570572

A consequence of this reduction in the number of seats is that the election threshold (the minimum number of votes needed for a party to gain at least one seat in an assembly) has risen. Depending on the province, the threshold now lies between 1.5% and over 2% of the votes. Because of this, it has become harder for small parties to win a seat. This may also have consequences for the representation of small parties in the Senate, which is elected by the members of the States Provincial.

National results

Outcome of the provincial elections calculated at national level:

Political party2003*20072011201520192023
Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB)137
Forum for Democracy (FvD)8615
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD)103102112898063
Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA)16915186897243
GroenLinks (GL)373334306151
Labour Party (PvdA)150114107635346
Party for Freedom (PVV)069664034
Democrats 66 (D66)20942674032
Socialist Party (SP)298356703523
Christian Union (CU)193523293122
Party for the Animals (PvdD)087182025
JA2122
50Plus00914178
Reformed Political Party (SGP)131312181416
Denk (DENK)40
Volt11
GroenLinks–PvdA[1]6
CU – SGP[2]431211
Pim Fortuyn List (LPF)100--
Regionalist parties10138151517
Total564564566570570572
Turnout47.62%46.40%55.97%47.76%56.16%58.80%

Note *: 2003 election calculated for the 2007 number of seats (564).

Elections by party by province

Provincial elections, 2003

Outcome of the 2003 Dutch provincial elections:

Province2003
CDAPvdAVVDGLSPD66CUSGPLPF(others)total
Groningen12207532400255
Friesland16156311307+1+1+155
Drenthe12199402201251
Overijssel24159332421063
Flevoland101211322412047
Gelderland241813543341075
Utrecht161414634321063
North Holland17242085512183
South Holland202018544344183
Zeeland131072213601+247
North Brabant30171546312179
Limburg28149342001263
Total22219813851373126+519+51522764

Provincial elections, 2007

Outcome of the 2007 Dutch provincial elections:

Province2007
CDAPvdAVVDGLSPD66CUSGPPvdD(others)total
Groningen9125371401143
Friesland12125240300543
Drenthe10138250300041
Overijssel1797260510047
Flevoland879260511039
Gelderland15109371431053
Utrecht11810452411147
North Holland11101359222155
South Holland131012381421155
Zeeland1066250350239
North Brabant18811212111155
Limburg1887291001147
Total1511141023283935+313+3913564

Due to defections from one party to another and other such reasons the number of seats can fluctuate during each inter-elections period. This table only shows the distribution straight after the elections.

The named 'others' for 2007 are:

  • in Groningen: PvhN (by 1 seat)
  • in Friesland: FNP (by 5 seats)
  • in Utrecht: Mooi Utrecht (by 1 seat)
  • in North Holland: ONH/Verenigd Senioren Partij (by 1 seat)
  • in South Holland: Leefbaar Zuid-Holland (by 1 seat)
  • in Zeeland: PvZ (by 2 seats)
  • in North Brabant: Brabantse Partij (by 1 seat)
  • in Limburg: PNL (by 1 seat)

Provincial elections, 2011

Outcome of the 2011 Dutch provincial elections:

Province2011
CDAPvdAVVDGLSPD66CUSGPPvdDPVV50+(others)total
Groningen512636330130143
Friesland811623230040443
Drenthe612924220040041
Overijssel119824332041047
Flevoland46923331161039
Gelderland991145432161055
Utrecht671144521151047
North Holland511135561161155
South Holland6101235522181055
Zeeland67713224050239
North Brabant107123850181055
Limburg1068362000102047
Total8610711234564223+112+176998566

The named 'others' for 2011 are:

  • in Groningen: PvhN (by 1 seat)
  • in Friesland: FNP (by 4 seats)
  • in North Holland: ONH (by 1 seat)
  • in Zeeland: PvZ (by 2 seats)

Provincial elections, 2015

Outcome of the 2015 Dutch provincial elections:

Province2015
CDAPvdAVVDGLSPD66CUSGPPvdDPVV50+(others)total
Groningen5643844233+143
Friesland9751533141443
Drenthe6772543051141
Overijssel115625542151047
Flevoland53725432262041
Gelderland96936743251055
Utrecht65944932241049
North Holland571146101361155
South Holland751035733282055
Zeeland64614326411+139
North Brabant94103971272155
Limburg11452841911+147
Total89638930706729+218+218661415570

The named 'others' for 2015 are:

  • in Groningen: Groninger Belang (by 3 seats), PvhN (by 1 seat)
  • in Friesland: FNP (by 4 seats)
  • in Drenthe; Sterk Lokaal (by 1 seat)
  • in North Holland: ONH (by 1 seat)
  • in Zeeland: Zeeland Lokaal (by 1 seat), PvZ (by 1 seat)
  • in North Brabant: Lokaal Brabant (by 1 seat)
  • in Limburg: Volkspartij Limburg (by 1 seat), Lokaal-Limburg (by 1 seat)

Provincial elections, 2019

Outcome of the 2019 Dutch provincial elections:

Province2019
FVDCDAPvdAVVDGLSPD66CUSGPPvdDPVV50+DENK(others)total
Groningen535464341213+243
Friesland68643223131443
Drenthe65664323131141
Overijssel69465334213147
Flevoland833642231242141
Gelderland87586344323255
Utrecht654882541221149
North Holland94699361331[3]155
South Holland11441052532242155
Zeeland574422125122239
North Brabant983105551242155
Limburg7935443271247
Total8672538061354131+114+1204017415570

The named 'others' for 2019 are:

Provincial elections, 2023

Outcome of the 2023 Dutch provincial elections:

Province2023
BBBCDAVVDPvdAGLSPD66CUSGPPvdDPVVFVD50+JA21Volt(others)total
Groningen12225522322113+143
Friesland14435311212114+143
Drenthe17344221222111143
Overijssel17443412321212147
Flevoland102433222223212141
Gelderland144655233322112255
Utrecht74637153232112249
North Holland8287724143223255
South Holland84846242234214155
Zeeland954611151211239
North Brabant114945441241121255
Limburg1055343326112247
Total137436346+651+6233222+116+12534158221117572

The named 'others' for 2023 are:

  • in Groningen: Groninger Belang (by 3 seats), PvhN (by 1 seat)
  • in Friesland: FNP (by 4 seats), Provincial Interests Frisia (by 1 seat)
  • in Drenthe: Sterk Lokaal (by 1 seat)
  • in Flevoland: Strong Local Flevoland (by 1 seat)
  • in Zeeland: PvZ (by 2 seats)
  • in North Brabant: Lokaal Brabant (by 1 seat)
  • in Limburg: Lokaal-Limburg (by 2 seats)

See also

References

  1. Combinated list in Zeeland.
  2. Combinated list in two provinces (North Holland and North Brabant, also Friesland in 2003).
  3. Combined list with Party of the Elderly.
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