Read's Drug Store building in Baltimore; site of 1955 desegregation sit-in

Read's Drug Store was a chain of stores based in Baltimore, Maryland. Read's Drug Store was founded by William Read. He sold it to the Nattans family in 1899.[1] The downtown store was constructed in 1934 by Smith & May, Baltimore architects also responsible for the Bank of America building at 10 Light St.[2] In 1929, one company slogan was "Run Right to Reads."[3] Read's was purchased from the Nattans by Rite Aid in 1983.

In 2023, Rite Aid filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy amid several opioid lawsuits and declining sales.[4] Despite Read's shutting down 40 years prior to the filing, Read's was still listed in the bankruptcy filing.[5]

The downtown store was the site of an early sit-in during the Civil Rights Movement. Read's downtown Baltimore location has since closed, leaving behind an empty building. There is currently a controversy over whether to raze this building for development or preserve it and turn it into a civil rights museum. The store's 1955 sit-in also occurred five years before the more recognized, but also similar, student-led 1960 Greensboro sit-ins.[6]

Desegregation

The Read's store in downtown Baltimore (at Lexington St. and Howard St.) was the site of one of the country's first anti-segregation sit-ins. Students at Morgan State University joined up with a local chapter of the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) to conduct a demonstration on January 20, 1955. The event was peaceful and lasted for only half an hour. According to Dr. Helena Hicks, a participant in the protest and now a commissioner on the Baltimore City Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation, the protest consisted of seven people who decided mostly spontaneously to enter the drug store. The NAACP confirmed that this was the first sit-in of its kind.[7]

Two days later, the store was officially desegregated.[8] Arthur Nattans, Sr., then President of Read's, ran an announcement in the Baltimore Afro-American stating “We will serve all customers throughout our entire stores, including the fountains, and this becomes effective immediately.”[9]

The relationship between protestors and store was not entirely combative. Ben Everinghim, a vice chairman of CORE in charge of negotiations with Read's, stated: "We feel that Read's management has been understanding and cooperative and we wish especially to compliment them and congratulate them at this time when they have been instrumental in the elimination of discrimination in such wide areas of the city."[10]

Despite also being led by students and employing similar tactics, the Read's sit-in did not receive the level of fame that the Greensboro sit-ins did five years later.[6][8]

Historic Preservation Controversy

In 2011, the Baltimore Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation voted to grant temporary landmark status to the downtown store. This decision blocked the plan by Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake and Lexington Square Partners to build a $150 million development on the site. The developers initially planned to raze the building but had later agreed to preserve two walls; preservationists argued that both plans were insufficient.[11]

Activists want the building preserved and turned into a civil rights museum.[12] They accuse the city of "demolition by neglect": avoiding minor repairs and allowing the building to collapse in order to make room for development.[13]

Support for preserving the building comes from Baltimore Heritage, a non-profit historical preservation group,[9] and the Jewish Museum of Maryland, which celebrates the Nattans' decision to desegregate early.[1]

See also

  • Sit-in movement
  • 1957 Royal Ice Cream Sit-in, occurred in Durham, North Carolina
  • 1958 Dockum Drug Store sit-in, occurred in Wichita, Kansas
  • 1958 Oklahoma City sit-ins, occurred in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
  • 1960 Greensboro sit-ins, occurred in Greensboro, North Carolina
  • 1960 Nashville sit-ins, occurred in Nashville, Tennessee
  • Baltimore's Bygone Department Stores: Many Happy Returns. The History Press. 2012. ISBN 978-1-60949-667-8.

References

  1. 1 2 Weiner, Deb (21 February 2011). "Read's Drug Store: The Jewish Connection". Jewish Museum of Maryland Blog. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  2. ↑ Kelly, Jacques (10 January 2009). "Read's Building Is Far Too Fine To Bulldoze". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  3. ↑ "PastPerfect Online".
  4. ↑ "Rite Aid files for bankruptcy". CNN. October 15, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  5. ↑ "READ's Inc. Files For Bankruptcy". BKData. October 15, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  6. 1 2 Pousson, Eli. "Read's Drug Store". baltimoreheritage.org. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
  7. ↑ Appleton, Andrea (22 February 2012). "Helena Hicks: A participant in the Read's Drug Store sit-in talks about changing history on the spur of the moment". CityPaper. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  8. 1 2 Liu, Nancy (11 September 2011). "Baltimore, MD, students sit-in to integrate Read's drug stores, USA, 1955". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Swarthmore. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  9. 1 2 Pousson, Eli (7 January 2011). "Why the West Side Matters: Read's Drug Store and Baltimore's Civil Rights Heritage". Baltimore Heritage. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  10. ↑ "37 Baltimore drugstores open lunch counters to all patrons". The Afro-American. ProQuest. 22 January 1955. p. 1. ProQuest 531929034.
  11. ↑ Gunts, Edward (12 April 2011). "Read's drugstore added to temporary city landmark list". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  12. ↑ Scharper, Julie (18 February 2012). "Baltimore Sun". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  13. ↑ Reutter, Mark (18 February 2012). "City's promise to put a roof on Read's not quick enough for protesters". Baltimore Brew. Retrieved 21 February 2012.

39°17′29.17″N 76°37′9.88″W / 39.2914361°N 76.6194111°W / 39.2914361; -76.6194111

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