NGC 3938
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major[1]
Right ascension11h 52m 42.9s[1]
Declination+44° 07′ 17″[1]
Distance43 Mly
Apparent magnitude (V)10.9[1]
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)c[2]
Apparent size (V)5.4′ × 4.9′[1]
Other designations
UGC 6856, MCG +07-25-001, PGC 37229[2]

NGC 3938 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the Ursa Major constellation. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by William Herschel. It is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the Ursa Major South galaxy group and is roughly 67,000 light years in diameter.[3] It is approximately 43 million light years away from Earth.[1] NGC 3938 is classified as type Sc under the Hubble sequence, a loosely wound spiral galaxy with a smaller and dimmer bulge.[4] The spiral arms of the galaxy contain many areas of ionized atomic hydrogen gas, more so towards the center.[5]

Supernovae

Five supernovae have been identified within NGC 3938. SN 1961U (mag. 13.7) was discovered on 2 January 1962.[6] SN 1964L (mag. 13.3) was discovered on 11 December 1964.[7] SN 2005ay is a type II supernova that was discovered on 27 March 2005 and had a magnitude of 15.6.[8] SN 2017ein is a type Ic supernova that was discovered on 25 May 2017 and peaked at magnitude 14.9.[9] Images taken before the explosion point to a progenitor mass between ~47-48M☉, if it was in a single star system, and ~60-80M☉, if it was in a binary star system.[10] SN 2022xlp is a type Ia supernova that was discovered on 13 October 2022 by Koichi Itagaki.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 George Normandin (5 May 2005). "Spiral Galaxy NGC 3839". kopernik.org. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  2. 1 2 "Results for object NGC 3938 (NGC 3938)". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  3. ↑ "The Ursa Major Groups". Atlas of the Universe. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  4. ↑ van der Kruit, P.C.; Shostak, G.S. (1982). "Studies of Nearly Face-on Spiral Galaxies" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 105: 351–358. Bibcode:1982A&A...105..351V. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  5. ↑ Jiménez-Vicente, J.; E. Battaner; M. Rozas; H. Castañeda; et al. (1999). "Fabry-Perot observations of the ionized gas in NGC 3938" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 342: 417–425. arXiv:astro-ph/9811391. Bibcode:1999A&A...342..417J.
  6. ↑ Transient Name Server entry for SN 1961U. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  7. ↑ Transient Name Server entry for SN 1964L. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  8. ↑ "Supernova 2005ay in NGC 3938". Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  9. ↑ "Supernovae 2017ein in NGC 3938". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  10. ↑ Van Dyk, Schuyler; et al. (15 July 2018). "SN 2017ein and the Possible First Identification of a Type Ic Supernova Progenitor". The Astrophysical Journal. 860 (2): 90. arXiv:1803.01050. Bibcode:2018ApJ...860...90V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac32c. hdl:10150/628570. S2CID 56265423.
  11. ↑ "Artist's impression of progenitor star to a type Ic supernova". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  • Media related to NGC 3938 at Wikimedia Commons


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