The George W. Elder off Sitka, Alaska.
History
United States
Name	George W. Elder
Owner	Old Dominion Steamship Company 1874–1876 Oregon Steamship Company 1876–? Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company ?–1904 San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company 1904–1905 North Pacific Steamship Company 1905–1918
Operator	Old Dominion Steamship Company 1874–1876 Oregon Steamship Company 1876–1879 Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company 1879–1899 United States Army 1899 Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company 1899–1904 San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company 1904–1905 North Pacific Steamship Company 1905–1918
Route	Chesapeake Bay to New York City 1874–1876 San Francisco, California to Portland, Oregon 1876–?
Builder	Delaware River Iron Shipbuilding and Engine Works (Chester, PA)
Launched	1874
In service	1874–1918
Out of service	1918
Fate	Sold in 1918
Notes	Renamed America
Chile
Name	America
Owner	Artigas Riolrio Compania 1918–1935
Operator	Artigas Riolrio Compania 1918–1935
Route	Chilean coastal service
Out of service	1935
Fate	Scrapped in 1935
General characteristics
Type	Coastal passenger/cargo liner
Length	250 ft (76 m)
Beam	38 ft (12 m)
Draft	16 ft (5 m)
Installed power	Single Triple expansion engine
Propulsion	Single screw

SS George W. Elder (1874–1935) was a passenger/cargo ship. Originally a U.S. east coast steamer, she was built by John Roach & Sons in Chester, Pennsylvania. The George W. Elder became a west coast steamer in 1876 and served with the Oregon Steamship Company, Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company, San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company and the North Pacific Steamship Company. In 1907, the George W. Elder helped to rescue the survivors of her former running mate Columbia. The last owners of the George W. Elder were a Chilean firm which operated her under the name America. She operated the Chilean Coast under this guise until 1935, when she was finally scrapped. The location of her scrapping remains unknown.^[1][2]

History

The George W. Elder was launched in 1874 at the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works of John Roach & Sons in Chester, Pennsylvania and first served as a nightboat for the Old Dominion Steamship Company on the New York City to Chesapeake Bay route. She was equipped with brigantine-rig sail configuration and a triple-expansion steam engine rated between 900 hp (671 kW) and 1,000 hp (746 kW). The George W. Elder drew 16 ft (5 m) of water, was 250 ft (76 m) long, had a beam of 38 ft (12 m) and measured 1,709 gross tons. Due to her design, the George W. Elder was able to visit several different ports.

In 1876, the George W. Elder was sold to the Oregon Steamship Company, which brought the ship around Cape Horn and placed her on the San Francisco, California to Portland, Oregon route. The George W. Elder became part of the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company fleet after O.R. & N purchased the Oregon Steamship Company.^[2] In O.R. & N service, the George W. Elder served alongside the innovative Columbia, which was the first structure to use the incandescent light bulb outside Thomas Edison's laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey.^[3][4] O.R. & N was bought out by the Union Pacific Railroad in 1898.^[5]

On May 31, 1899, the George W. Elder set out of Seattle, Washington on a scientific exploration voyage to Russia, via British Columbia and Alaska. Although her stopovers were brief, the actions and nature of research done on the George W. Elder followed tradition. The voyage, called the Harriman Expedition, was over 9,000 mi (14,484,096 m) long. The George W. Elder was captained by Peter A. Doran during this expedition.

After the Harriman Expedition, the United States Army drafted the George W. Elder in November 1899 for use as a troopship in the Philippines during the Spanish–American War. Strangely during this time, the owners of the George W. Elder were listed as Goodall, Perkins & Company, the agents of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company who were the owners of the ill-fated Pacific back in 1875.^[5] In December of the same year, she was returned to O.R. & N.

In 1904, the George W. Elder was transferred to the newly formed San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company along with the Columbia. During this time, the George W. Elder continued to build on its reputation for being a safe vessel. In 1905 however, this reputation vanished, when the George W. Elder, now 31 years old, struck a rock along the Columbia River and sank under 16 ft (5 m) of water. She was raised in May, 1906.^[6] After being salvaged, the San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company abandoned her and she was sold in Auction to Captain J.H. Peterson. In 1906, the George W. Elder was sold to the North Pacific Steamship Company, who would be her last American owners. In a chance of coincidence, the George W. Elder was paired the SS Roanoke, which had also been built as a nightboat for the Old Dominion Steamship Company.

On July 21, 1907, the former running mate to the George W. Elder, the Columbia collided with the lumber schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, causing the Columbia to sink, killing 88 people. Among the dead was Captain Peter A. Doran, who had commanded the George W. Elder on her 1899 Harriman Expedition. Both the George W. Elder and Roanoke arrived at the site of the disaster and picked up Columbia's survivors from the badly damaged San Pedro. The George W. Elder returned some of the survivors to Astoria, Oregon.^[5] The George W. Elder also towed the San Pedro to shore, following the disaster.^[7]

By 1915, the North Pacific Steamship Company was struggling, due to the loss of their steamer Santa Clara on the bar of Coos Bay, Oregon, in 1914. The management considered closing the company's doors. Thankfully, relief came when the California South Seas Navigation Company chartered both Roanoke and George W. Elder. Neither were used for passenger service under this charter. Unfortunately, the Roanoke capsized and sank off the California coastline, on her second voyage under the charter. Only three people survived. During World War I, the George W. Elder was leased by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, which was at the time owned by the Grace Line. The George W. Elder was used during this time as part of a four ship feeder service for Central American and Mexican ports.

At war's end, now 44 years old, the George W. Elder was sold to Artigas Riolrio Compania, based in Valparaiso, Chile, they were to be her last operators. The George W. Elder was renamed America and served the Chilean coastline until 1935. On 7 December 1928, the Chilean cargo ship SS Quintero collided with America and sank.^[8]

America survived the collision and was reported scrapped in 1935, but it remains uncertain whether the job was done in Japan or Valparaiso. Either way, America had reached an outstanding age of 61 years.

See also

• SS Parthia (1870)
• SS Columbia (1880)

References

External links

• Kelley House Museum Archives – Search results for George Elder – Includes many photographs of the George W. Elder.
• Photograph of the George W. Elder – Dated circa 1898. This photograph however, shows the ship partially sunk, suggesting that this may be after her 1905 sinking.