Sasaram
City
Sher Shah Suri's Tomb, Sasaram
Location in Sasaram block
Location in Sasaram block
Sasaram is located in Bihar
Sasaram
Sasaram
Location in Bihar, India
Sasaram is located in India
Sasaram
Sasaram
Sasaram (India)
Coordinates: 24°57′N 84°02′E / 24.95°N 84.03°E / 24.95; 84.03
Country India
StateBihar
DivisionPatna
DistrictRohtas
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation (Updated)
 • BodySasaram Municipal Corporation
 • Member of ParliamentChhedi Paswan
(Bharatiya Janata Party)
 • MayorKajal Kumari
 • Vice-MayorSatyavati Devi
 • District MagistrateNaveen Kumar, Indian Administrative Service
 • Superintendent of PoliceVineet Kumar, Indian Police Service
Elevation
110 m (360 ft)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total358,283
 • Rank288th
DemonymSasaramite
Language
 • OfficialHindi[1]
 • Additional officialUrdu[1]
 • RegionalBhojpuri
Time zoneUTC+5:30
PIN
821115
Telephone code06184
Vehicle registrationBR-24
Railway StationSasaram Junction
WebsiteOfficial District Website

Sasaram, (pronunciationⓘ) also spelled as Sahasram, is a historical city and a municipal corporation region in the Rohtas district of Bihar state in eastern India.

The city served as the capital of the Sur dynasty during Sher Shah Suri's rule over India in the 16th century, and was residence place sub capital of epic monarch Sahastrabahu (Kartivirya Arjuna).

Sasaram and the Kaimur Range contain waterfalls, lakes, rivers and picturesque locations as described by the Ain-I-Akbari. Over 200 waterfalls emerge during the rainy season.

Modern Sasaram city covers the largest sub-metropolitan area of Bihar. Its attractions to visit include the Tomb of Sher Shah Suri (included in UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative list),[2] Rohtasgarh Fort and Shergarh Fort, Kandhar Fort.[3]

Sasaram city is located in the middle of its other sub-towns like Nokha & Kudra, which have a large number of agriculture based industries, and the city is also emerging as an educational hub. It is situated in the middle of other industrial twin towns like Dehri-on-sone, Dalmianagar, Sonnagar, Amjhor, Nokha and Banjari.

The Sasaram city region is the administrative headquarters of Rohtas district. It was carved out from Shahabad district in 1972. This district headquarters is best known for having the highest literacy rate[4] and highest agricultural & forest cover area of Bihar. Sasaram is also the headquarters of a community development block of the same name, with a total population of 358,283 as of 2011, making it the most populous block in Rohtas district.[5]

It is known for the production of cement, fertilizers, stone chips, and for the quarrying industry.

Major languages spoken in this region are Bhojpuri, Hindi, English and Urdu; religions of the population include Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Sikhism, and Jainism.

History

During the Vedic age, Sasaram was a part of the ancient Kashi kingdom. Sasaram's name derives from Sahastrarama, meaning "one thousand groves". Sasaram was once also named Shah Serai (meaning "Place of the King"), as it is the birthplace of the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, who ruled over Delhi, much of northern India, present-day Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan for five years as the Sur Empire, after defeating the Mughal Emperor Humayun. Many of Sher Shah Suri's governmental practices were adopted by the Mughals and later the British Raj, including taxation, administration, and the building of a paved road from Kabul to Bengal, also called the Grand Trunk Road.

Sher Shah Suri's 122-foot (37 m) red sandstone tomb, built in the Indo-Afghan style, stands in the middle of an artificial lake in Sasaram. It borrows heavily from the Lodhi style, and was once covered in blue and yellow glazed tiles, indicating an Iranian influence. The massive free-standing dome also has an aesthetic aspect of the Buddhist stupa style of the Mauryan period. The tomb of Sher Shah's father, Hasan Khan Suri, is also at Sasaram, and stands in the middle of a green field at Sherganj, which is known as Sukha Rauza. About a kilometre to the north west of Sher Shah's tomb lies the incomplete and dilapidated tomb of his son and successor, Islam Shah Suri.[6] Sasaram also has a Baulia, a pool used by the emperor's consorts for bathing.

The fort of Sher Shah Suri at Rohtasgarh is in Sasaram. This fort has a history dating back to the 7th century CE. It was built by Raja Harishchandra, known for his truthfulness in the name of his son Rohitashwa. It houses the Churasan temple, Ganesh temple, Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-e-Aam, and various other structures dating back to different centuries. The fort also served as the headquarters of Raja Man Singh during his reign as the governor of Bihar and Bengal under the regime of Akbar. The Rohtas Fort in Bihar should not be confused with another fort of the same name, near Jhelum, Punjab, in present-day Pakistan. The Rohtas Fort in Sasaram was also built by Sher Shah Suri, during the period when Humayun was exiled from Hindustan.

There is a temple of Goddess Tarachandi, two miles to the south, and an inscription of Pratap Dhawal on the rock close to the temple of Chandi Devi.[7] Hindus in large number assemble to worship the goddess. Dhua Kund, a notable waterfall, is located about 36 km (22 mi) from the city.

Rohtas, south of Sasaram, is known to have been the residence of one Satyawadi Raja Harischandra, named for his son, Rohitashwa.

Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka

Sasaram is also famous for an inscription by Ashoka (one of the thirteen Minor Rock Edicts), situated in a small cave of Kaimur hill, near Chandan Shaheed.

The edict is located near the top of the terminal spur of the Kimur Range near Sasaram.[8] There is the Minor rock edict #1 only.[9] Ashoka famously mentions pre-existing stone pillars in the Edict: "...And where there are stone pillars here in my dominion, there also cause it to be engraved.".

The Sasaram Edict (Minor Rock Edict No.1 only).
  1. Devanampriya [speaks] thus.
  2. .................. years since I am a lay-worshipper (upasaka).
  3. But (I had) not been very zealous.
  4. A year and somewhat more (has passed) since ............
  5. And men in Jambudvipa, being during that time unmingled with the gods, have (now) been made (by me) mingled with the gods.
  6. [For] this is the fruit [of zeal].
  7. ...........cannot be reached by (persons of) high rank alone, (but) even a lowly (person) is able to attain even the great heaven if he is zealous.
  8. Now, for the following purpose (has) this proclamation (been issued), (that) both the lowly and the exalted may be zealous, and (that) even (my) borderers may know (it), and (that this) zeal may be of long duration,
  9. And this matter will (be made by me to) progress, and will (be made to) progress even considerably; it will (be made to) progress to one and a half, to at least one and a half.
  10. And this proclamation (was issued by me) on tour.
  11. Two hundred and fifty-six nights (had then been) spent on tour, — (in figures) 256.
  12. And cause ye this matter to be engraved on rocks.
  13. And where there are stone pillars here (in my dominions), there also cause (it) to be engraved.
— Sasaram Edict (Translated in Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch)[10]
Mausoleum of Sher Shah
Tomb of Hasan Khan Suri
Tomb of Islam Shah Suri

Geography

Sasaram is located at 24°57′N 84°02′E / 24.95°N 84.03°E / 24.95; 84.03 and occupies an area of about 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi).[13] It has an average elevation of 200 metres (660 ft).

Climate

As Sasaram is surrounded by hills from two sides, its climate is seasonable. The climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Cfa" (humid subtropical).[14]

Climate data for Sasaram, India
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8)		 26.7
(80.1)		 32.7
(90.9)		 38.0
(100.4)		 40.9
(105.6)		 38.5
(101.3)		 33.2
(91.8)		 32.0
(89.6)		 32.4
(90.3)		 31.8
(89.2)		 28.1
(82.6)		 24.1
(75.4)		 31.9
(89.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.2
(61.2)		 18.9
(66.0)		 24.2
(75.6)		 29.6
(85.3)		 33.2
(91.8)		 32.8
(91.0)		 29.2
(84.6)		 28.4
(83.1)		 28.2
(82.8)		 25.9
(78.6)		 20.7
(69.3)		 16.5
(61.7)		 25.3
(77.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8)		 11.1
(52.0)		 15.8
(60.4)		 21.2
(70.2)		 25.5
(77.9)		 27.0
(80.6)		 25.3
(77.5)		 24.8
(76.6)		 23.9
(75.0)		 20.0
(68.0)		 13.3
(55.9)		 8.9
(48.0)		 18.8
(65.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 19.2
(0.76)		 21.2
(0.83)		 14.3
(0.56)		 7.6
(0.30)		 12.2
(0.48)		 120.9
(4.76)		 297.5
(11.71)		 326.2
(12.84)		 181.5
(7.15)		 50.9
(2.00)		 10.2
(0.40)		 3.6
(0.14)		 1,065.3
(41.93)
Average rainy days 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.4 5.9 14.3 14.3 8.9 2.8 0.5 0.8 54.7
Source: Weatherbase[15]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Sasaram had a population of 351,408 but in urban agglomeration. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sasaram has an average literacy rate of 80.26%, higher than the national average of 74%; male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 75%. In Sasaram, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.[16]

Religions Sasaram City (2020 )
Hinduism
 
 72.97%
Islam
 
 25.58%
Sikhism
 
 1.25%
Christianity
 
 0.10%
Jainism
 
 0.02%
Buddhism
 
 0.01%
Not Stated
 
 0.25%
Distribution of religions

Sasaram is the 8th most populous city in Bihar.

Governance

The eKiosk (Sahaj Vasudha Kendra, Jamuhar)

SAHAJ Vasudha Kendra, the first "Common Service Centre", or "eKiosk", in Rohtas District was inaugurated in Jamuhar village on 15 August 2008. The centre is currently planning to start a block information Centre, e-district plan, and Sawan Sasaram.

Lok Sabha constituency

Sasaram is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar. Chhedi Paswan serves as a Member of Parliament (MP) representing Sasaram in the Lok Sabha.[17]

Vidhan Sabha constituency

Sasaram is one of 243 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly of Bihar. It comes under Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency.[18]

Economy

The closure of the industries of the Dalmia Group at Dalmianagar resulted in widespread unemployment. Sasaram's economy is mainly driven by agriculture and related industries like rice polishing. The canal irrigation system is also very prominent in this area. Because of the fertile land around the town, it is a local trading center for food grains, agricultural products, and agricultural equipment, the region is known as Dhan Ka Katora, meaning "a bowl of food grains". The rice grown near Sasaram is sold in the markets of Kolkata and New Delhi. The only significant industry is rock quarrying.

Transportation

Railway

Sasaram station

Sasaram Junction station, a major railway station, serves Sasaram. Sasaram's other stations are Shivsagar, Kumahu, Nokha, Karwandiya, Pahleja and Dehri on Sone.

Sasaram station is 101 km (63 mi) away from Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhaya station (less than 1.5 hours) and about 120 km (75 mi), or two hours journey from Varanasi, and 101 km (63 mi) from Gaya station. Gaya station is 20 km (12 mi) away from Bodh Gaya, the most sacred place in Buddhism. Trains run from Sasaram to Kolkata, Ara, Ranchi, Patna, New Delhi, and Bikramganj.

The trains which stop in Sasaram include Ajmer Seldah, Kalka Mail, Purushottam Express, Mahabodhi Express, Ranchi Garib Rath, Kolkata Mail, Jodhpur Howrah Express, Chambal Express, Shipra Express, Chennai Egmore Express, Nandan Kanan Express, Neelanchal Express and Poorva Express, Jallianwalabagh Express, Durigana Express, Garbha Express, Dikshabhoomi Express and New Delhi-Bhagalpur Express, etc.

A direct weekly AC train had been started from Sasaram to Anand Vihar Terminal in July 2011 (22409/22410 - Sasaram - Anand Vihar Garib Rath Express). However, now this AC train runs between Gaya and Anand Vihar Terminal, still stopping at Sasaram Junction.

Airport

Sasaram has also a small and old airport called Suara Airport. A new airport is proposed to be established in near future.[19][20]

Education

Sasaram is the sixth most literate city in Bihar, with Rohtas being the most literate district in Bihar.[21][22]

There are four government colleges, although many students prefer to go to more developed cities for quality education, such as Bangalore, New Delhi, Pune, Patna, Varanasi and Puducherry, for higher education. A new engineering college has been set up in the region.

This place is also known for preparation of competitive exams at Sasaram Railway junction.[23] According to earlier natives of this city, there was not proper electrification of city around 2007 to 2008, which hampered the studies of students seeking for competitive exams. Indian Railways had a 24-hour power supply at Sasaram junction, leading a small group of students to study there at night under electric lights.

Universities

Medical colleges

Government colleges

Other colleges

  • Hari Narain Singh Institute of Teachers Education (HNSITE)[34]
  • Sri Shankar Rajkiya Inter College[35]
  • Government Polytechnic, Dehri, Sasaram
  • Jagannath Mishra Law College, Sasaram

Major schools

  • St. Michael's Academy School, Chandravanshi Nagar, Fazalganj, Sasaram[36]
  • M. P. High School, Adda Road, Sasaram
  • Rama Rani Jain Girls High School, Choukhandi Road, Sasaram
  • Bal Vikas Vidyalaya, Tomb Road, Sasaram[37]
  • Bal Bharti Public School, Sasaram[38]
  • D.A.V. Public school, Admapur, Sasaram[39]
  • St. Paul's School, Sasaram[40]
  • St. Xavier's School, Jagdev Nagar, Nooran Ganj, Sasaram[41]
  • G.S. Residential School, Malwar Road, Sasaram[42]
  • St. Jeelani's Public School, Shahjuma, Sasaram[43]
  • Pragya Niketan Public School, Falzalganj, Sasaram[44]
  • Buddha Mission School, Nooranganj, Bauliya Road, Sasaram Rohtas Bihar

Villages

Besides the city of Sasaram itself, there are 171 villages in Sasaram block, of which 144 are inhabited and 27 are uninhabited. As of 2011, the total rural population of Sasaram block is 210,875, in 34,336 households.[5]

Village name Total land area (hectares) Population (in 2011)
Dhanarhi75.3745
Fatehpur55.1186
Danwarua470
Patanwan116.6454
Mosahebpur81.4879
Rasulpur87.7804
Bhikhanpura1320
Samarodiha323.31,995
Chaukhanda Chitauli140.41,408
Shivpur Chitauli44.91,146
Turki69.62,113
Lodhi48.6395
Barawan60.6820
Uttimpur Haraha330
Belthua60.8487
Banrasia55.42,585
Belarhi160.32,886
Singuhi108.11,653
Patanwan380
Kataprath270
Naugain82.1548
Khairi105.3437
Khaira112.61,421
Niranjanpur17400
Bishunpura54.70
Mahranian20.6652
Bhadokhara186.22,988
Belahar76.41,199
Sikaria1,171.94,934
Kota206.42,303
Rajokhar118.30
Ashikpur370
Hetimpur12653
Karpurwa35.72,709
Bhatarhi71.2839
Beda69.21,852
Kanserwa72.20
Lakhrawan8.80
Mohaddi Ganj44.13,240
Dhanpurwa20.41,340
Dilia33.80
Mirzapur30
Udhopur43.7136
Madaini254.9815
Sumbha70.8745
Ahrawan128.7705
Misripur56.7532
Madauria50161
Dhunan67.2708
Karam Dihri146.91,371
Tetari91.1709
Haripur24.753
Kuraich351,598
Takia8.75
Muradabad Kalan144.84,291
Muradabad Khurd154.22,310
Uchitpur1743,794
Nekara140.82,056
Neae131.11,644
Baradih121.83,202
Nimia102.4792
Kothara156.2929
Bhagwanpur93.9626
Semra80.1617
Bajila104.81,112
Gamharia67.2707
Mokar372.73,409
Agrer263.83,774
Rakasia124.21,867
Jhalkhoria50.2779
Akasi391.84,145
Kunrwa106.41,064
Pipri137.2945
Katdehri199.81,137
Gotpa228.31,961
Maudiha85.41,010
Kharaunia101.6756
Sumbha178.4830
Garara206.82,461
Rudana106.81,020
Rajekarma49.40
Babhanpurwa46.1465
Gobina891,039
Karup117.31,636
Dilia62.3856
Lok Dehri62.8686
Inaihia57.9546
Bhainsahi172.81,041
Bishunpura76.1696
Bhajea1030
Jaipur139.21,359
Nirmalpur38302
Nirmalpur72.80
Rampur2872,895
Semra148186
Bahrar1431,355
Khanra81.4588
Patia1181,476
Dumaria861,301
Kaupa Dih89624
Bajinathpur390
Gansa Dih1702,695
Chhotka Mor76.41,191
Barka Mor2011,439
Pasia Dih35433
Bara Dih121418
Basuhara89683
Nahauna2883,208
Bhorman64429
Koiria Dih360
Paisara107890
Tiwari Dih36314
Bhurekunria18341
Belwa101675
Khurhunu1781,684
Jigina178754
Tendua1011,150
Bararhi1341,507
Shahpur901,099
Bishunpur62858
Chaubea57584
Bisrampur1381,907
Karwania1313,446
Basa101.12,683
Jagdaun Dih48.6400
Durgapur87.91,057
Amra, Sasaram205.64,944
Amri, Sasaram197.45,527
Dawanpur238.42,544
Karma136538
Nima68.4580
Ghatmapur75.6821
Basantpur164.81,084
Admapur213.71,746
Gaeghat2091,481
Fazilpur123334
Gajdwahi327.82,678
Kanchanpur4802,865
Kurdaun322711
Dhankarha113.32,696
Lerua100.82,984
Mednipur146.92,084
Dhaudanr1,125.45,816
Mahua Dihra2,7130
Jawarh662.10
Palangarh580.30
Kauria850
Tendua202.7702
Murhi120.12,071
Karserua269.12,309
Gharbair269.91,344
Barui2651,238
Songawan288.62,188
Mundi Sarae1210
Molawan273.12,638
Sakas156.61,014
Dhanpurwa45.4298
Kusri127.11,417
Dubaulia25.90
Khairi35.272
Babura45707
Khaira115831
Bichhia250
Darigawan3625,964
Agni133626
Jamahath135680
Karaunia3160
Tikra1950
Ramgaraha1,1680
Goria4,072316
shiwan3123023

Notable people

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  2. ↑ "Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand Trunk Road". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  3. ↑ "5 BEST Places to Visit in Sasaram - UPDATED 2023 (with Photos & Reviews)". Tripadvisor. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  4. ↑ "[Solved] Which district of Bihar has the highest literacy rate?". Testbook. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  5. 1 2 "Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory)". Census 2011 India. pp. 33, 41–70, 988–1059, 1191–1192. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  6. ↑ Sanatani, Rohit Priyadarshi. "The Tomb of Salim Shah Suri (Islam Shah): The glory that never was". The Speaking Arch. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  7. ↑ Shilpa (7 December 2018). "Maa Tara Chandi Temple, Bihar". Bharat Temples. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  8. ↑ BLO
  9. ↑ India: An Archaeological History: Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early Historic ... by Dilip K. Chakrabarty p.395
  10. ↑ Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch (in Sanskrit). 1925. p. 171.
  11. ↑ Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch (in Sanskrit). 1925. pp. 169–171.
  12. ↑ Lahiri, Nayanjot (2015). Ashoka in Ancient India. Harvard University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9780674057777.
  13. ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sasaram, India". www.fallingrain.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2008.
  14. ↑ "Sasaram, India Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018.
  15. ↑ "Sasaram, India — Monthly Weather Averages Summary". weatherbase. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  16. ↑ "Sasaram City Population 2023 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population". www.census2011.co.in. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016.
  17. ↑ "Sasaram Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency". resultuniversity.com. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  18. ↑ "Sasaram (Bihar) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019, 2014, 2009 -Sasaram Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name". Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  19. ↑ "सासाराम में बनेगा AIRPORT, विमान सेवा के लिए पर्यटन मंत्रालय ने बिहार सरकार से मांगा प्रस्ताव - Live Bihar".
  20. ↑ "सासाराम में एयरपोर्ट बनने की जगी उम्मीद, विमान सेवा के लिए पर्यटन मंत्रालय ने बिहार सरकार से मांगा प्रस्ताव". 21 May 2018.
  21. ↑ SAWAN SASARAM
  22. ↑ Census, India (16 August 2022). "literacy rate in Bihar (2022), including the literacy rate of all districts in Bihar". IndiaCensus.net. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  23. ↑ "Station students get a platform".
  24. 1 2 "Welcome to GNS University, Sasaram, Bihar". gnsu.org.
  25. 1 2 Gopal Narayan Singh University
  26. ↑ "Welcome to Narayan Medical College & Hospital!". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
  27. ↑ "जनमानस की सेवा में निरंतर लगा हुआ है महात्मा फुले मेडिकल कॉलेज एवं हॉस्पिटल". 11 April 2019.
  28. ↑ https://www.spjainsasaram.co.in Archived 2018-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ "Veer Kunwar Singh University – वीर कुँवर सिंह विश्वविद्यालय, आरा बिहार – 802301". 31 March 2018. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  30. ↑ "Varsity branch boon for pupils". Archived from the original on 5 June 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  31. ↑ "sscollegesasaram.org". 19 October 2023. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018.
  32. ↑ "Sher Shah College, Sasaram – [ A constituent unit of Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, Bihar ]".
  33. ↑ http://www.rmcsasaram.org/index.action
  34. ↑ http://www.hnsite.org Archived 2018-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ↑ "Veer Kunwar Singh University (VKSU)". Archived from the original on 5 June 2018.
  36. ↑ "St.Michael's Academy Sasaram".
  37. ↑ "Bal Vikas Vidyalaya".
  38. ↑ "Bal Bharti Public School - Sasaram, Rohtas - Reviews, Fee Structure, Admission Form, Address, Contact, Rating - Directory".
  39. ↑ "Dav Public School".
  40. ↑ "St Paul's School Sasaram".
  41. ↑ "St. Xavier's School - Ward No-34, District Rohtas (Bihar)".
  42. ↑ "G.S Residential School".
  43. ↑ "Saint Jeelani S School - Ward No-16, District Rohtas (Bihar)".
  44. ↑ "Pragya Niketan Public School Sasaram". Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  45. ↑ Jagjivan Ram
  46. ↑ Meira Kumar
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