Actress Fay Wray (1907–2004) is considered to be one of the first scream queens.

A scream queen (a wordplay on screen queen)[1] is an actress who is prominent and influential in horror films, either through a notable appearance or recurring roles. A scream king is the male equivalent. Notable examples include Barbara Steele, Sandra Peabody, Linda Blair, Olivia Hussey, Marilyn Burns, Neve Campbell, Daria Nicolodi, Dee Wallace, Jamie Lee Curtis, Heather Langenkamp, Sarah Michelle Gellar and Linnea Quigley.[2]

Definition

The term "scream queen" is more specifically used to refer to the "attractive young damsels-in-distress"[3] characters that have appeared in a number of films in the horror genre. Lloyd Kaufman, co-founder of Troma Entertainment, noted that being a scream queen is "more than just crying and having ketchup thrown on you. You not only have to be attractive, but you also have to have a big brain. You have to be frightened, you have to be sad, you have to be romantic."[3]

Debbie Rochon, often described as a scream queen herself, wrote in an article originally published in GC Magazine that "a true Scream Queen isn't The Perfect Woman. She's sexy, seductive, but most importantly 'attainable' to the average guy. Or so it would seem."[4] And although the earlier scream queens might be women that "just had to look pretty and shriek a lot until the hero of the film got around to save (them)", the later scream queens "showcase women worrying about something other than a guy...unless said guy is the one trying to kill them", with some of them "wreaking vengeance" by defeating the villain.[5]

History

Beginnings

The prominence of women in horror films dates back to the silent film era, with films such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) and Nosferatu (1922). George Feltenstein, film historian and senior vice president of theatrical catalog marketing at Warner Home Video, states, "Women screaming in terror has been a Hollywood mainstay — even when films were silent".[3] Fay Wray, an actress starring in King Kong (1933), is sometimes referred to as the "very first scream queen".[6] Anne Gwynne, Chris Pine's grandmother, is known for scream queen roles in the 1930s and 1940s.[7][8][9] Janet Leigh, playing Marion in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960), is regarded as the "one of the most iconic[10]" scream queens in horror film history.[11]

1970s

Sandra Peabody, shown as Mari Collingwood in The Last House on the Left (1972), would become primarily known for her horror film roles.

Four actresses in the 1970s became seminal examples of a "scream queen" for the decade: Sandra Peabody, who portrayed Mari Collingwood in The Last House on the Left (1972), Marilyn Burns, who portrayed Sally Hardesty in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), Olivia Hussey, who portrayed Jess Bradford in Black Christmas (1974), and Jamie Lee Curtis, who portrayed Laurie Strode in Halloween (1978).[12]

After The Last House on the Left, Peabody went on to appear in the horror films Voices of Desire (1972), Massage Parlor Murders (1973), Case of the Full Moon Murders (1973), and Legacy of Satan (1974). Burns followed her performance in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre with roles in Helter Skelter (1976) and Eaten Alive (1977). In Halloween, Jamie Lee Curtis, daughter of Psycho actress Janet Leigh, had her first film role. Portraying Laurie Strode in Halloween, Curtis has been called the "ultimate 'scream queen'"[13] and was even referenced as such in the horror film Scream (1996) by character Randy Meeks. Curtis went on to star in several other horror films after that, including The Fog, Prom Night, Terror Train, Halloween II, and Halloween H20: 20 Years Later.[14][15]

Dee Wallace appeared in Wes Craven's 1977 horror film The Hills Have Eyes before going on to establish herself as a scream queen in the 1980s by appearing in The Howling (1981), Cujo (1983) and Critters (1986).

Daria Nicolodi played the role of the scream queen in most of her films (Deep Red, Inferno, Phenomena, Terror at the Opera). Director Mario Bava also called on Nicolodi for Shock (1977). In 1982, Nicolodi played Anne in Dario Argento's Tenebrae.

Veronica Cartwright was also a prominent scream queen of the 1970s, appearing in the 1978 remake of Invasion of the Body Snatchers as well as Alien in 1979. She began her career as a scream queen in Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds.

1980s

The success of Halloween revived slasher films during the late 1970s and 1980s.[16] Examples include Terror Train and Prom Night, in which Jamie Lee Curtis would again play the scream queen; Friday the 13th, the first entry to have both a female antagonist (Betsy Palmer) and protagonist (Adrienne King);[17] and A Nightmare on Elm Street, now considered a slasher classic,[18] which introduced supernatural serial killer Freddy Krueger, and whose leading actress, Heather Langenkamp, was dubbed a scream queen, and went on to become one of the most influential.

Linnea Quigley was a scream queen during the 1980s, appearing specifically in low-budget and cult-classic films such as Graduation Day, Silent Night, Deadly Night, Return of the Living Dead and Night of the Demons. Mark Patton, star of A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (1985), has in recent years been touted at horror conventions as mainstream horror's first "male scream queen".[19] Bruce Campbell, lead actor of the Evil Dead franchise, has been branded as "the definitive scream king."[20]

British actress Catriona MacColl became a scream queen after appearing in three Italian horror films directed by Lucio Fulci. City of the Living Dead (1980), The Beyond (1981) and House by the Cemetery (1981) have all gone on to gain a cult following.

Following her Saturn Award-nominated performance in Exorcist II: The Heretic, Oscar-nominee Linda Blair parlayed her classic 1973 The Exorcist role into a slew of 80s horror performances, including Hell Night, Witchery, Grotesque, and The Chilling. She would continue making horror films into the 1990s, with a cameo in Wes Craven's Scream and the lead role in the Australian thriller Dead Sleep. In 2008, at the Malaga Fantasy & Horror Film Festival, Blair received a lifetime achievement award for her work in the horror genre. After a long hiatus from horror films, Blair returned to the genre in Juliana Brafa's All Is Normal (2008) and the thriller Landfill (2021).

1990s

During the 1990s, Debbie Rochon starred in dozens of Troma Production horror films and was voted by Draculina magazine as its "Scream Queen of the Decade". Sheryl Lee played murder victims Laura Palmer and Maddy Ferguson in the TV series Twin Peaks (1990–91) and spin-off film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992) and has been described as a "scream queen", in particular for scenes in the otherworldly Black Lodge.[21][22][23][24]

Neve Campbell's first American feature film was the cult horror classic The Craft (1996). She later starred as Sidney Prescott in the Scream film series. Jennifer Love Hewitt was labeled a scream queen after her I Know What You Did Last Summer films.[15] The first film of that trilogy also had a starring role for Sarah Michelle Gellar, who went on to appear in other horror films made during the 1990s and new millennium, including Scream 2 and The Grudge film series.[25]

2000s

In 2005, Shauna Macdonald starred in The Descent, which established her as a scream queen[26][27][28] and for which she was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Actress.[29] Elisha Cuthbert starred in the horror film House of Wax (2005) and Captivity (2007), gaining the status by from films.[30][31] In 2007, USA Today published an article listing on modern scream queens interviewing actresses Sheri Moon Zombie, Jaimie Alexander, Andrea Bogart, Mercedes McNab, Tiffany Shepis and Cerina Vincent.[3] Since 2007 and her appearance in Halloween, Danielle Harris has increased her genre work, being subsequently called "horror's reigning scream queen" by the NY Daily News.[32]

2010s

Bipasha Basu has been referred as "Bollywood's Scream Queen" due to her contributions to horror in India with her blockbuster horror movies like Raaz (2002) and Raaz 3D (2012), as well as films like Aatma (2013), Creature 3D (2014), and Alone (2015).[33]

In 2016, Screen Rant listed the "15 Greatest Scream Queens in Horror History", which includes Linda Blair, Danielle Harris, Lisa Wilcox, Vera Farmiga, Janet Leigh, Marilyn Burns, Veronica Cartwright, Neve Campbell, Naomi Watts, Heather Langenkamp, Eva Green, Chloë Grace Moretz, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Barbara Steele and Jamie Lee Curtis.[34]

Indonesian actress Tara Basro has been described as a "scream queen" for her roles in Joko Anwar's films Satan's Slaves (2017) and Impetigore (2019).[35][36]

Australian actress Samara Weaving began her contribution to the horror genre by starring in the first season of Ash vs Evil Dead (2015), before landing the lead role in the black comedy horror The Babysitter (2017). She returned to this role in 2020 with the sequel The Babysitter: Killer Queen. Weaving solidified her status as a scream queen with her performance in the commercially and critically successful Ready or Not (2019). In 2023, Weaving played the iconic role of opening kill in Scream VI. Popularised by the Scream franchise, the opening kill is also a common trope for stars to play in Slashers films in general. The role has previously been played by actresses Drew Barrymore, Jada Pinkett Smith, Kelly Rutherford, Lucy Hale and Jenna Ortega in their respective Scream films.

2020s

Melissa Barrera having starred in the slasher Scream (2022) and the sequel Scream VI (2023) and the horror thriller Bed Rest (2022), establishing herself as a scream queen.[37][38]Jenna Ortega starred in the slasher films X and Scream (both 2022), also known as a scream queen.[23][39][40] Ortega reprised her Scream role for the sequel, Scream VI (2023).[41]

Scream Queens Illustrated magazine

Scream Queens Illustrated magazine featured pictorials, interviews, reviews, and other content concerning such Hollywood scream queens as Barbara Bauer, Becky Sunshine, Tina Krause, Julia Hayes, Julie Strain, Monique Gabrielle, Brinke Stevens, Linnea Quigley, Rhonda Shear, Xenia Gratsos ("Brioni Farrell"), Lorissa McComas, June Wilkinson, Debbie Rochon, Sherri Frazer, Melissa Wolf, and Cassandra Peterson ("Elvira").[42]

Scream king

Bruce Campbell, best known for playing Ash Williams in the Evil Dead franchise, has been described as a "scream king".

More recently, the term "scream king" has been used to refer to male leading actors who have made their name through taking on leading roles in horror movies as a "final guy" character. Rachel Roth defines the rise of the "scream kings" as a result of moving away from formulas where men are typically cast as monsters for a female character to fight off and female actresses being cast less as victims and sometimes as the monster or villain themselves. Roth cites Bruce Campbell as an early example of a scream king for his role in the Evil Dead franchise.[43]

Other notable scream kings include Devon Sawa, known for Idle Hands and Final Destination; Patrick Wilson, who appeared in Annabelle Comes Home, Insidious, and The Conjuring; Evan Peters, the only male actor to appear in nine of the eleven seasons of American Horror Story;[43][44] Daniel Kaluuya, for his performances in Get Out and Nope; Finn Wolfhard, for his roles in It and the Netflix series Stranger Things;[45][46] and Shawn Roberts, who has appeared in zombie films such as Land of the Dead, Diary of the Dead, and the Resident Evil franchise.[47][48]

List

Years active Actor First horror film (or series) Notes
1920–1980 Fay Wray King Kong (1933)
1946–2004 Janet Leigh Psycho (1960) Mother of Jamie Lee Curtis
1958–present Veronica Cartwright The Birds
1958–present Barbara Steele Black Sunday
1962–present Linda Blair The Exorcist
1965–present Olivia Hussey Black Christmas (1974)
1965–present Sandra Peabody The Last House on the Left
1970–2014 Marilyn Burns Texas Chainsaw Massacre
1970–2020 Daria Nicolodi Deep Red
1974–present Dee Wallace The Hills Have Eyes (1977) Best known for Cujo
1976–present Bruce Campbell Evil Dead
1977–present Jamie Lee Curtis[49] Halloween (1978) Daughter of Janet Leigh
1978–present Caitriona MacColl City of the Living Dead
1978–present Linnea Quigley Psycho from Texas Best known for Return of the Living Dead
1968–present Adrienne Barbeau[50] The Fog (1980)
1980–present Connie Britton The Last Winter Best known for American Horror Story
1981–present Sarah Michelle Gellar I Know What You Did Last Summer
1982–present Mark Patton A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge
1982–present Debbie Rochon Lurkers
1983–present Heather Langenkamp A Nightmare on Elm Street
1983–present Felissa Rose[51][52] Sleepaway Camp
1984–present Barbara Crampton Body Double
1984–present Courteney Cox Scream
1985–present Danielle Harris Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers
1986–present Sheryl Lee Twin Peaks
1986–present Asia Argento Demons 2 Best known for Land of the Dead
1986–present Miranda Otto The 13th Floor Best known for Annabelle: Creation
1986–present Naomi Watts Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering Best known for The Ring (2002)
1988–present Shawnee Smith The Blob Best known for Saw (2004)
1989–present Jennifer Love Hewitt I Know What You Did Last Summer
1989–present Katharine Isabelle Disturbing Behavior Best known for Ginger Snaps
1990–present Toni Collette The Sixth Sense Best known for Hereditary
1991–present Neve Campbell The Dark Best known for the Scream franchise
1991–present Kate Beckinsale Haunted Best known for the Underworld franchise
1991–present Melissa McBride The Mist Best known for The Walking Dead
1991–2011 Mercedes McNab Hatchet
1994–present Sarah Paulson American Horror Story
1995–present Patrick Wilson Insidious
1996–present Rose McGowan Scream (1996 film)
1996–present Bipasha Basu Raaz (2002)
1996–present Elisha Cuthbert Are You Afraid of the Dark? Best known for House of Wax (2005)
1996–present Vera Farmiga Joshua Older sister of Taissa Farmiga
1996–present Tiffany Shepis Terror Firmer
1996–present Sheri Moon Zombie House of 1000 Corpses
1997–present Shawn Roberts Goosebumps Best known for the Resident Evil franchise
1997–present Mary Elizabeth Winstead Wolf Lake Appeared in three separate horror movie franchises: The Ring, Final Destination, and Cloverfield
1999–present Shauna Macdonald The Descent
1999–present Cerina Vincent Fear Runs Silent Best known for Cabin Fever (2002)
2001–present Emma Roberts Scream 4 Best known for American Horror Story and Scream Queens
2002–present Abigail Breslin Signs Best known for Scream Queens
2002–present Jodelle Ferland Carrie (2002) Best known for Case 39
2002–present Finn Wittrock American Horror Story
2004–present Chloë Grace Moretz The Amityville Horror (2005) Best known for Carrie
2004–present Riley Keough Kiss of the Damned Best known for The Lodge
2006–present Kate Siegel The Curse of the Black Dahlia Best known for Hush and partnership with husband, Mike Flanagan
2008–present Samara Weaving Ash vs Evil Dead (2015 series) Best known for Ready or Not
2010–present Jessica Rothe Happy Death Day
2011–present Jane Levy Evil Dead
2011–present Melissa Barrera Scream (2022) [53][54][55]
2011–present Taissa Farmiga American Horror Story Younger sister of Vera Farmiga
2012–present Olivia Cooke The Secret of Crickley Hall Best known for Bates Motel
2012–present Maika Monroe It Follows
2012–present Jenna Ortega Insidious: Chapter 2 Best known for Wednesday (2022)
2012–present Lulu Wilson Ouija: Origin of Evil
2013–present Mia Goth A Cure For Wellness Best known for the X film series
2014–present Victoria Pedretti The Haunting of Hill House Best known for You (2018)
2015–present Billie Lourd Scream Queens Best known for American Horror Story

See also

References

  1. ↑ Borseti, Francesco. It Came from the 80s!: Interviews with 124 Cult Filmmakers. McFarland, 2016, p. 197
  2. ↑ Weismann, Brad (September 5, 2023). Horror Unmasked A History of Terror from Nosferatu to Nope. becker&mayer!. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-76-037679-9.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Arnold, Thomas (2007-04-27). "Three screams for these stars". usatoday.com. Archived from the original on 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
  4. ↑ Rochon, Debbie. "The Legend of the Scream Queen". GC Magazine. Archived from the original on 2007-08-13. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
  5. ↑ "Revenge of the Scream Queens". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 2010-04-14. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  6. ↑ Gates, Marya E. (2022-10-13). "Remembering Fay Wray, Our Very First Scream Queen". IndieWire. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  7. ↑ Stevens, Dana (2022-04-06). "How Chris Pine Became His Generation's Robert Redford". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  8. ↑ Gardner, Chris (2020-08-28). "Chris Pine on Meeting Quentin Tarantino and Finding Out His Grandmother Is in 'Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  9. ↑ "Chris Pine comes from a prestigious line of B-movie scream queens". The A.V. Club. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  10. ↑ "Ranking the greatest scream queens in film history". The A.V. Club. 2022-10-18. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  11. ↑ "The 9 greatest scream queens in all of horror". SYFY Official Site. 2022-10-11. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  12. ↑ Verme, Stefano Lo (25 June 2016). "Attrici da urlo: Da Vera Farmiga a Jamie Lee Curtis, le grandi Scream Queen tra cinema e TV" [Screaming Actresses: From Vera Farmiga to Jamie Lee Curtis, the Greatest Scream Queens of Cinema and TV]. Movieplayer.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  13. ↑ "'Halloween' 40 Years Later: Why Jamie Lee Curtis Is Still the Ultimate Scream Queen". Entertainment Tonight.
  14. ↑ "The Top 11 Scream Queens - Jamie Lee Curtis". UGO. Archived from the original on 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
  15. 1 2 "Jamie Lee Curtis, Jennifer Love Hewitt and more sexy scream queens". wonderwall.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-18. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
  16. ↑ "Is it time for slasher film revival?". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  17. ↑ "Exclusive Video Interview: Filmmaker J. Michael Roddy Discusses The Shark Is Still Working for Upcoming Jaws Blu-ray and More". Dread Central. 7 August 2012.
  18. ↑ Ben Child (10 May 2010). "You review: A Nightmare on Elm Street". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  19. ↑ "Halloween Flashback: A Nightmare in Hollywood Couldn't Kill Mark Patton". HIVPlusMag.com. 8 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-08-11. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
  20. ↑ "Bruce Campbell's 6 Most Memorable Horror Movie Roles". Bloody Disgusting. 22 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-10-04. Retrieved 2018-10-04.
  21. ↑ "Deadly Beauty: Horror's Scream Queens and Rising Talent: Penny Maple". Horror Society. July 30, 2013.
  22. ↑ "Twin Peaks 25 Years Later". The Courier Online.
  23. 1 2 "The 7 Creepiest Moments in 'Twin Peaks'". Collider. September 14, 2021.
  24. ↑ "The 9 Most Iconic Scream Queens of All-Time". May 1, 2020.
  25. ↑ Stafford, Nikki (2007). Bite me! : the unofficial guide to Buffy the vampire slayer : the chosen edition. Toronto: ECW Press. p. 56. ISBN 9781554903139. OCLC 723183164.
  26. ↑ Kravetz, Rebecca (2014-10-31). "8 Horror Movies With Badass Female Leads". Cosmopolitan Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  27. ↑ Abad-Santos, Alex (2015-10-30). "The "Final Girl," a key part of every great slasher movie, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on 2019-12-31. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  28. ↑ Abbott, Harrison (2020-04-08). "How 'The Descent' Reinvented the Final Girl for a Modern Era". Bloody Disgusting!. Archived from the original on 2020-04-18. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  29. ↑ "Saturns fly high with 'Superman'". Variety. 2007-02-21. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
  30. ↑ "Scream Queens: The 40 Hottest Horror Heroines Of All Time". VH1. Archived from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
  31. ↑ "House of Wax: An Interview with Elisha Cuthbert". Black Film Review. Archived from the original on 2016-08-14. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
  32. ↑ "'Hatchet 2's' Danielle Harris is horror's reigning scream queen". NY Daily News. Archived from the original on 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
  33. ↑ "Bollywood Scream Queen Bipasha Basu Starts Shooting For Alone". India Times. 9 June 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
  34. ↑ "The 15 Greatest Scream Queens in Horror History". Screen Rant. 12 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  35. ↑ "New wave of horror flicks puts Indonesian cinema on map". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2022-02-07.
  36. ↑ "Impetigore: modernity vs tradition in Indonesian horror". South China Morning Post. 2020-03-05. Retrieved 2022-02-07.
  37. ↑ Kaillaby (January 15, 2022). "How Scream Helped Melissa Barrera In New Thriller". Archived from the original on May 28, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  38. ↑ Jones, Tamera (December 7, 2022). "'Scream 6': Melissa Barrera Says Sequel Is "Going All Out" on Gore [Exclusive]". Collider. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  39. ↑ "Jenna Ortega's Horror Movies Prove She's The New Scream Queen". Screen Rant. February 9, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  40. ↑ "Jenna Ortega: The Scream Queen Of 2022". Game Rant. March 29, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  41. ↑ Kit, Borys (May 10, 2022). "Scream 6: Melissa Barrera, Jasmin Savoy Brown, Mason Gooding, Jenna Ortega Set to Return". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 9, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  42. ↑ "Internet Archive Search: Scream Queens".
  43. 1 2 Roth, Rachel (11 September 2018). "Some of the best Scream Kings to honor this Halloween". Hidden Remote.
  44. ↑ Oh, Sheryl (8 August 2018). "'Insidious' and 'The Conjuring' Star Patrick Wilson Finds His Next Horror Project". Film School Rejects.
  45. ↑ Trzcinski, Matthew (2019-10-07). "Finn Wolfhard, Steven Spielberg Making Horror Movie". Showbiz Cheat Sheet. Archived from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2022-06-23.
  46. ↑ Dazed (2016-11-22). "Finn Wolfhard on the 80s, weird adult fans and writing songs". Dazed. Retrieved 2022-06-23.
  47. ↑ "35. urodziny świętuje dziś Shawn Roberts". Facebook. Facebook, Inc. April 2, 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  48. ↑ Nowicki, Albert (March 9, 2016). "Głodówka ('Feed the Gods', 2014)". His Name is Death. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  49. ↑ Braxton, Greg (September 25, 2015). "'Scream Queen' Jamie Lee Curtis cuts a swatch in new series". Valley Morning Star. Harlingen, Texas. p. 40.
  50. ↑ Weiner, David (August 5, 2013). "Adrienne Barbeau: '80s Scream Queen Revisited". Entertainment Tonight.
  51. ↑ Norman, Jason (November 11, 2014). Welcome to Our Nightmares: Behind the Scene with Today's Horror Actors. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 166. ISBN 978-0786479863.
  52. ↑ Price, Jason. "HORROR BUSINESS: Scream Queen Felissa Rose Takes Blood, Guts, and Gratitude". Icon vs. Icon. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  53. ↑ "Horror and 'Scream' queen Melissa Barrera talks about new chilling movie on Tubi 'Bed Rest'". wsvn.com. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  54. ↑ "Melissa Barrera Loses Her Mind in Tubi's Bed Rest Trailer". movieweb.com. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
  55. ↑ "Scream VI's trailer reunites three generations of scream queens". yahoo.com. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
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