Seleznyov, often spelled as Seleznev, Selezniev (Russian: Селезнёв, rarely Селезнев), or Seleznyova, Selezneva (feminine; Селезнёва), is a Russian surname, derived from the word "селезень" (drake, duck). Notable people with the surname include:

• Aleksandr Seleznyov (b. 1964), a retired Russian hammer thrower
• Alexander Seleznyov (1974–1999), a Russian MVD officer and Hero of Russia
• Alexey Selezniev
• Anna Selezneva
• Gennadiy Seleznyov (1947–2015), a Russian politician
• Georgy Seleznyov (1938–2007), a Soviet/Russian bass singer and pedagogue
• Kirill Seleznyov (disambiguation), several people
• Larisa Selezneva (b. 1963), a former Soviet pairs figure skater
• Natalya Seleznyova (b. 1945), a Soviet/Russian actress
• Oleg Seleznyov (1959–2021), Russian politician
• Olga Seleznyova
• Pyotr Seleznyov (1920–1985), a Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union
• Roman Seleznev (b. 1984), a Russian hacker, son of Valery Seleznev
• Serhiy Seleznyov (b. 1975), a Ukrainian footballer
• Svetlana Selezneva
• Vladimir Seleznyov (1928–1991), a Soviet army officer and a full cavalier of the Order of Glory
• Valery Seleznev (1964), a Russian politician
• Yevhen Seleznyov (b. 1985), a Ukrainian footballer
• Yuriy Seleznyov (b. 1975), a Ukrainian footballer
• Ekaterina Selezneva (b. 1995), a Russian rhythmic gymnast

Fictional characters

• Alisa Seleznyova, a character from the series of children's science fiction books by Russian writer Kir Bulychov