This page lists chronologically the first achievements in cinema. The development of cinema is characterised by technological breakthroughs, from early experiments in the recording of day-to-day activity, experiments in colour, different formats and sound. From the 1970s, the development of computer-generated imagery became integral to the way that films are produced.

In parallel with the developments in technology, its content and the way it reflects society and its concerns and the way society responds to it have changed too. The list attempts to address some of these events.

Contents

19th century: Pre-18701870s1880s1890s
20th century: 1900s1910s1920s1930s1940s1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s
21st century: 2000s2010s2020s
See also
References

19th century

Pre-1870

1824

  • Peter Mark Roget's wrote the article Explanation of an optical deception in the appearance of the spokes of a wheel when seen through vertical apertures which described a stroboscopic illusion.

1832

  • Almost simultaneously, around December 1832, the Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau and the Austrian professor of practical geometry Simon Stampfer invented the Phenakistiscope, the first practical device to create a fluid illusion of motion. Plateau introduced the device in January 1833 in a scientific magazine.

1870s

1874

  • French astronomer P.J.C. Janssen came up with the idea for a "revolver photographic". This huge camera system used a Maltese cross-type mechanism, very similar to the system that would later be of great importance in the development of movie cameras. Janssen successfully captured two transits of Venus, the one of 1874 in Japan, and that of 1882 at Oran, in Algeria. Discs with test footage of a simulation from 1874 have been preserved and a modern animated version is sometimes regarded as the first movie.[1]

1878

1880s

1880

  • During his lectures on locomotion, Eadweard Muybridge projected looping animations of The Horse in Motion with his Zoopraxiscope. The stroboscopic apparatus used glass discs on which silhouette versions of the photographs had been traced by an artist (with anamorphic corrections for the distortion caused by fast rotation).

1882

  • Étienne-Jules Marey developed the Chronophotographe, which could take 12 pictures per second from a single viewpoint.

1888

1890s

1889 or 1890

1891

  • Dickson Greeting, by William Kennedy Dickson was the first semi-public demonstration of cinematographic pictures in the United States. The National Federation of Women's Clubs were shown a 3 second clip of Dickson passing a hat in front of himself, and reaching for it with his other hand on May 20, 1891 at Edison's laboratory.

1892

1893

  • Blacksmith Scene, by William Kennedy Dickson. The first Kinetoscope film shown in public exhibition on May 9, 1893 and is the earliest known example of actors performing a role in a film.[4]
  • The world's first film production studio, the Black Maria, or the Kinetographic Theater, was completed on the grounds of Edison's laboratories at West Orange, New Jersey, for the purpose of making film strips for the Kinetoscope. Construction began in December 1892.[5]

1894

  • On April 14, 1894, a public Kinetoscope parlor was opened by the Holland Bros. in New York City at 1155 Broadway, on the corner of 27th Street—the first commercial motion picture house. The venue had ten machines, set up in parallel rows of five, each showing a different movie. For 25 cents a viewer could see all the films in either row; half a dollar gave access to the entire bill.[6]
  • The Dolorita Passion Dance was banned in New Jersey after its use in peepshows. Russell Kick quotes the work Censorship as saying it "was probably the first [film] to be banned in the United States."[7]
  • La Sortie des Usines, the first film to be made in France.
  • The Dickson Experimental Sound Film by William Kennedy Dickson. It is the first known film with live-recorded sound and appears to be the first motion picture made for the Kinetophone, the proto-sound-film system developed by Dickson and Thomas Edison.[8]

1895

1896

  • The first building dedicated exclusively to showing motion pictures was the Vitascope Hall, established on Canal Street, New Orleans, Louisiana, on June 26 — it was converted from a vacant store.[12]
  • Later that year on October 19, the Edisonia Hall opened in Buffalo, New York in the Ellicott Square Building. The Edisonia was the first known dedicated, purpose-built motion picture theater in the world.[13]
  • Alice Guy-Blaché, the first female film director[14] makes La Fée aux Choux (The Cabbage Fairy) acknowledged as the first narrative fiction film. This movie also introduces screenplays for the first time.
  • In The Kiss, May Irwin and John Rice re-enact the kiss from the New York stage hit The Widow Jones, the first film of a couple kissing.[15]
  • The House of the Devil, the first horror film.
  • Le Coucher de la Mariée, a French erotic short film considered to be one of the first erotic films made. The film was first screened in Paris in November 1896, within a year of the first public screening of a projected motion picture.

1899

20th century

1900s

1901

1902

1903

1904

1906

1907

  • January 19, Variety publishes reviews of two films, An Exciting Honeymoon and The Life of a Cowboy by Edwin S. Porter. These are believed to be the first film reviews published.[25]
  • L'Enfant prodigue is the first feature film produced in Europe.

1908

  • Fantasmagorie is considered the first animated cartoon.

1909

1910s

1910

1912

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1920s

1920

1921

1922

1923

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930s

1930

1931

1932

1933

1935

1937

1940s

1940

1943

1944

  • First film to feature a live-action and animated character on screen at the same time: The Three Caballeros.[60]
  • First feature film made for television broadcast: Talk Fast, Mister.

1945

1946

1947

1948

1950s

1951

1953

1954

  • Sesto Continente, directed by Folco Quilici, was the first full-length, full-color underwater documentary.[64][65] The much more famous The Silent World, released in 1956, is frequently erroneously claimed as such.

1955

1956

1958

1960s

1960

  • Psycho is the first film to show a flushing toilet.[71]

1961

  • NBC Saturday Night at the Movies, the first regularly scheduled feature movie anthology network television series to broadcast recently released feature films in color, debuts.
  • Magic Boy becomes the first anime film to be released in the United States on June 22, 1961.

1962

1963

1964

1965

  • Harlow (Magna film) : first feature film shot on video at the lower range of modern high definition. It used Electronovision, an american film production process based on french 819 lines TV system, which could display 737 active lines on screen, so slightly above 720p (albeit as a B&W, interlaced, 4/3 format). Videotape was transferred to 35 mm film for distribution.

1969

1970s

1970

1971

1972

  • A Computer Animated Hand, the first movie that used some advanced CGI techniques.
  • Cheongchun gyosa, the first movie commercially released on VHS.
  • Fritz the Cat, the first animated feature to be given an X rating.

1973

1974

  • The Man with the Golden Gun becomes the first film to feature an "astro-spiral" jump, in which a car drives up a corkscrewed ramp and turns 360 degrees along its long axis. The stunt was performed with a AMC Hornet X hatchback by Loren "Bumps" Willert, and was done across a river near Bangkok, Thailand.[84]

1975

  • Jaws becomes the first film to gross more than $400 million at the box office.[85]
  • Lisztomania becomes the first movie to use the new Dolby Stereo sound system.
  • Barry Lyndon was the first film with scenes shot entirely by natural candlelight.[86]

1976

1978

1980s

1980

1981

  • Looker is the first film to feature a CGI human character, Cindy. Also, first use of 3D shaded CGI.[89][90]

1982

  • For Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, ILM computer graphics division develops "Genesis Effect", the first use of fractal-generated landscape in a film.[91] Bill Reeves leads the Genesis Effect programming team, and creates a new graphics technique called Particle Systems.

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

  • Julia and Julia (Giulia e Giulia) : first feature film shot in analog HDTV with a resolution in the 1000+ lines range (japanese 1125 lines Hi-Vision system, with 1035 active lines). Transferred to 35 mm for distribution.

1988

1990s

1990

1991

  • Beauty and the Beast is the first animated film to have an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture.

1992

1993

1994

  • True Lies by James Cameron is the first film to cost $100 million.[100] Later, such budgets would become much more commonplace. As of January 2022, at least 448 films have been made with a budget of $100 million or more.[101]

1995

1996

1997

21st century

2000s

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2007

2008

2009

2010s

2010

2011

2012

  • The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is the first wide-release film to be shot using a high frame rate. Cinematographer Andrew Lesnie shot the film using 48 frames per second, twice the usual 24 frames per second.[134] However, few cinemas were capable of showing the high frame rate version of the film - at most 1,000 screens out of the 39,056 showing it in the United States - and most showed it in the ordinary frame rate. The reason for this increased frame rate was to make the 3D easier to watch, as well as remove camera blur, and increase clarity.[135]
  • Brave is the first film to make use of the Dolby Atmos sound format.[136]
  • Frankenweenie becomes the first black-and-white film and the first stop-motion animated film to be released in IMAX.[137]

2013

2014

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020s

2020

  • Nomadland by Chloé Zhao, the first Oscar Best Picture winning film to be released theatrically, direct-to-streaming and VOD at the same time.

2021

  • The Suicide Squad is the first non-Marvel Studios film ever released to be shot entirely with IMAX-certified digital cameras. Although Top Gun: Maverick and Dune had both accomplished the same feat and had finished filming earlier, The Suicide Squad was released first, on August 5, after the releases of the other two were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was shot with the Red Ranger Monstro 8K & Komodo 6K cameras. The film was also the first feature film to use the Red Komodo camera.[149]
  • The Tomorrow War is the first streaming original film to cost at least $200 million to produce. The film was originally set for theatrical release by Paramount Pictures, but the film's distribution rights were ultimately acquired by Amazon due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[150] Four months later, Red Notice was also released under similar circumstances and cost, on Netflix. As of early 2022, The Gray Man is set become the first streaming original to cost at least $200 million that was originally intended as a streaming original, once it releases in July 2022.[151]

2023

See also

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