Athletics
Shot put
Polish double Olympic champion Tomasz Majewski
World records
MenUnited States Ryan Crouser 23.56 m (77 ft 3+12 in) (2023)
WomenSoviet Union Natalya Lisovskaya 22.63 m (74 ft 2+34 in) (1987)
Olympic records
MenUnited States Ryan Crouser 23.30 m (76 ft 5+14 in) (2021)
WomenEast Germany Ilona Slupianek 22.41 m (73 ft 6+14 in) (1980)
World Championship records
MenUnited States Ryan Crouser 23.51 m (77 ft 1+12 in) (2023)
WomenSoviet Union Natalya Lisovskaya 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) (1987)
New Zealand Valerie Adams 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) (2011)
World Indoor Championship records
MenBrazil Darlan Romani 22.53 m (73 ft 11 in) (2022)
WomenNew Zealand Valerie Adams 20.67 m (67 ft 9+34 in) (2014)

The shot put is a track and field event involving "putting" (throwing) a heavy spherical ball—the shot—as far as possible. For men, the sport has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival (1896), and women's competition began in 1948.

History

Czechoslovak shot putter Plíhal at the 1957 East German Indoor Athletics Championships
Shot putter at the University of Nebraska, 1942, showing the circle and stop board

Homer mentions competitions of rock throwing by soldiers during the siege of Troy but there is no record of any dead weights being thrown in Greek competitions. The first evidence for stone- or weight-throwing events were in the Scottish Highlands, and date back to approximately the first century.[1] In the 16th century King Henry VIII was noted for his prowess in court competitions of weight and hammer throwing.[2]

The first events resembling the modern shot put likely occurred in the Middle Ages when soldiers held competitions in which they hurled cannonballs. Shot put competitions were first recorded in early 19th century Scotland, and were a part of the British Amateur Championships beginning in 1866.[3]

Competitors take their throw from inside a marked circle 2.135 metres (7 ft 0 in) in diameter, with a "toe board" or "stop board" 10 centimetres (4 in) high at the front of the circle. The distance thrown is measured from the inside of the circumference of the circle to the nearest mark made on the ground by the falling shot, with distances rounded down to the nearest centimetre under IAAF and WMA rules.

Czechoslovak shot putter Jiří Skobla showing the correct technique for keeping the shot near the neck

The following rules (indoor and outdoor) must be adhered to for a legal throw:

  • Upon calling the athlete's name, the athlete may choose any part of the throwing circle to enter inside. They have thirty seconds to commence the throwing motion; otherwise it counts as a forfeit for the current round.
  • The athlete may not wear gloves; IAAF rules permit the taping of individual fingers.
  • The athlete must rest the shot close to the neck, and keep it tight to the neck throughout the motion.
  • The shot must be released above the height of the shoulder, using only one hand.
  • The athlete may touch the inside surface of the circle or toe board, but must not touch the top or outside of the circle or toe board, or the ground beyond the circle. Limbs may, however, extend over the lines of the circle in the air.
  • The shot must land in the throwing sector, which is a circular sector of 34.92° centered on the throwing circle. The throwing sector has been narrowed multiple times over the years to improve safety, most recently in 2004 from 40°. The current throwing sector angle (34.92°) was chosen because it provides a sector whose bounds are easy to measure and lay out on a field (10 metres out from the center of the ring, 6 metres across).[4]
  • The athlete must leave the throwing circle from the back half.

Foul throws occur when an athlete:

  • Does not pause within the circle before beginning the putting motion.
  • Does not complete the putting movement initiated within thirty seconds of having their name called.
  • Allows the shot to drop below their shoulder or outside the vertical plane of their shoulder during the put.

At any time if the shot loses contact with the neck then it is technically an illegal put.

  • During the putting motion, touches with any part of the body (including shoes):
    • the top or ends of the toe board
    • the top of the iron ring
    • anywhere outside the circle.
  • Puts a shot which either falls outside the throwing sector or touches a sector line on the initial impact.
  • Leaves the circle before the shot has landed.
  • Does not leave from the rear half of the circle.

Regulation misconceptions

The following are either obsolete or non-existent, but commonly believed rules within professional competition:

  • The athlete must enter the circle from the back (none of the rule books contain such a clause).
  • The athlete entering the circle, then exiting and re-entering it prior to starting the throw results in a foul (all the rule books allow an athlete to leave a circle prior to starting a throw, but this still counts within the 30 second time limit; the allowable method of exiting the circle varies by rule book).
  • Loose clothing, shoelaces, or long hair touching outside the circle during a throw, or an athlete bringing a towel into the circle and then throwing it out prior to the put, results in a foul.

Competition

Shot put area

Shot put competitions have been held at the modern Summer Olympic Games since their inception in 1896, and it is also included as an event in the World Athletics Championships.

Each of these competitions in the modern era have a set number of rounds of throws. Typically there are three qualification rounds to determine qualification for the final. There are then three preliminary rounds in the final with the top eight competitors receiving a further three throws. Each competitor in the final is credited with their longest throw, regardless of whether it was achieved in the preliminary or final three rounds. The competitor with the longest legal put is declared the winner.

Weight

In open competitions the men's shot weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb), and the women's shot weighs 4 kilograms (8.82 lb). Junior, school, and masters competitions often use different weights of shots, typically below the weights of those used in open competitions; the individual rules for each competition should be consulted in order to determine the correct weights to be used.

Putting styles

Two putting styles are in current general use by shot put competitors: the glide and the spin. With all putting styles, the goal is to release the shot with maximum forward velocity at an angle of slightly less than forty-five degrees.[5]

Glide

The origin of this technique dates to 1951, when Parry O'Brien from the United States invented a technique that involved the putter facing backwards, rotating 180 degrees across the circle, and then tossing the shot. Unlike spin, this technique is a linear movement.[6]

With this technique, a right-hand thrower would begin facing the rear of the circle. They would typically adopt a specific type of crouch, involving their bent right leg, in order to begin the throw from a more beneficial posture whilst also isometrically preloading their muscles. The positioning of their bodyweight over their bent leg, which pushes upwards with equal force, generates a preparatory isometric press. The force generated by this press will be channelled into the subsequent throw making it more powerful. To initiate the throw they kick to the front with the left leg, while pushing off forcefully with the right. As the thrower crosses the circle, the hips twist toward the front, the left arm is swung out then pulled back tight, followed by the shoulders, and they then strike in a putting motion with their right arm. The key is to move quickly across the circle with as little air under the feet as possible, hence the name 'glide'.

Spin

This is also known as the rotational technique.[7] It was first practiced in Europe in the 1950s but did not receive much attention until the 1970s.[8] In 1972 Aleksandr Baryshnikov set his first USSR record using a new putting style, the spin ("круговой мах" in Russian), invented by his coach Viktor Alexeyev.[9][10] The spin involves rotating like a discus thrower and using rotational momentum for power. In 1976 Baryshnikov went on to set a world record of 22.00 m (72.18 ft) with his spin style, and was the first shot putter to cross the 22-meter mark.[11]

With this technique, a right-hand thrower faces the rear, and begins to spin on the ball of the left foot. The thrower comes around and faces the front of the circle and drives the right foot into the center of the circle. Finally, the thrower reaches for the front of the circle with the left foot, twisting the hips and shoulders like in the glide, and puts the shot.

When the athlete executes the spin, the upper body is twisted hard to the right, so the imaginary lines created by the shoulders and hips are no longer parallel. This action builds up torque, and stretches the muscles, creating an involuntary elasticity in the muscles, providing extra power and momentum. When the athlete prepares to release, the left foot is firmly planted, causing the momentum and energy generated to be conserved, pushing the shot in an upward and outward direction.

Another purpose of the spin is to build up a high rotational speed, by swinging the right leg initially, then to bring all the limbs in tightly, similar to a figure skater bringing in their arms while spinning to increase their speed. Once this fast speed is achieved the shot is released, transferring the energy into the shot put.

Until 2016, a woman had never made an Olympic final (top 8) using the spin technique. The first woman to enter a final and win a medal at the Olympics was Anita Márton.[12][8]

Ryan Crouser, the current men's world record holder, added an additional move, the "Crouser Slide", to his spin technique. He used this technique to set the world record at the Los Angeles Grand Prix in 2023.[13]

Usage

Currently, most top male shot putters use the spin. However the glide remains popular since the technique leads to greater consistency compared to the rotational technique. Almost all throwers start by using the glide. Tomasz Majewski notes that although most athletes use the spin,[14] he and some other top shot putters achieved success using this classic method (for example he became first to defend the Olympic title in 56 years).

The world record and the next six best male results (23.37, 23.30, 23.15, and 23.12 by Ryan Crouser, 23.23 by Joe Kovacs, and 23.12 and 23.10 by Randy Barnes) were completed with the spin technique, while the eighth-best all-time put of 23.06 m (75 ft 7+34 in) by Ulf Timmermann was completed with the glide technique.

The decision to glide or spin may need to be decided on an individual basis, determined by the thrower's size and power. Short throwers may benefit from the spin and taller throwers may benefit from the glide, but many throwers do not follow this guideline.

Types of shot

The shot is made of different kinds of materials depending on its intended use. Materials used include sand, iron, cast iron, solid steel, stainless steel, brass, and synthetic materials like polyvinyl. Some metals are more dense than others, making the size of the shot vary. For example, different materials are used to make indoor and outdoor shot – because damage to surroundings must be taken into account – so the latter are smaller. There are various size and weight standards for the implement that depend on the age and gender of the competitors as well as the national customs of the governing body.

World records

The current world record holders are:[15]

Type Athlete Mark Date Place
Men
Outdoor Ryan Crouser 23.56 m (77 ft 3+12 in) 27 May 2023 Los Angeles, USA
Indoor Ryan Crouser 22.82 m (74 ft 10+14 in) 24 January 2021 Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
Women
Outdoor Natalya Lisovskaya 22.63 m (74 ft 2+34 in) 7 June 1987 Moscow, USSR
Indoor Helena Fibingerová 22.50 m (73 ft 9+34 in) 19 February 1977 Jablonec, CZE

Continental records

The current records held on each continent are:[16][17]

Area Men's Women's
Mark Athlete Nation Mark Athlete Nation
Africa 21.97 m (72 ft 34 in) Janus Robberts  South Africa 18.43 m (60 ft 5+12 in) Vivian Chukwuemeka  Nigeria
Asia 21.77 m (71 ft 5 in) Tajinderpal Singh Toor  India 21.76 m (71 ft 4+12 in) Meisu Li  China
Europe 23.06 m (75 ft 7+34 in) Ulf Timmermann  East Germany 22.63 m (74 ft 2+34 in) WR Natalya Lisovskaya  Soviet Union
North and Central
America, and Caribbean
23.56 m (77 ft 3+12 in) WR Ryan Crouser  United States 20.96 m (68 ft 9 in) A Belsy Laza  Cuba
Oceania 22.90 m (75 ft 1+12 in) Tomas Walsh  New Zealand 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) Valerie Adams  New Zealand
South America 22.61 m (74 ft 2 in) Darlan Romani  Brazil 19.30 m (63 ft 3+34 in) A Elisângela Adriano Brazil

All-time top 25

Tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25 distances and the top 25 athletes:
- denotes top performance for an athlete in the top 25 distances
- denotes lesser performances, still in the top 25 distances, by a repeat athlete
- denotes top performance (only) for other top 25 athletes who fall outside the top 25 distances

Men (outdoor)

Ath.#Perf.#MarkTechniqueAthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
1123.56 m (77 ft 3+12 in)spinRyan Crouser United States27 May 2023Los Angeles[20]
2 23.51 m (77 ft 1+12 in) Crouser #2 19 August 2023 Budapest [21]
3 23.37 m (76 ft 8 in) Crouser #3 18 June 2021 Eugene [22]
423.30 m (76 ft 5+14 in)Crouser #45 August 2021Tokyo
2 5 23.23 m (76 ft 2+12 in) spin Joe Kovacs  United States 7 September 2022 Zürich [23]
623.15 m (75 ft 11+14 in) Crouser #5 21 August 2021Eugene
3723.12 m (75 ft 10 in)spinRandy Barnes United States20 May 1990Westwood
8 23.12 m (75 ft 10 in) Crouser #6 24 June 2022 Eugene [24]
923.10 m (75 ft 9+14 in)Barnes #226 May 1990San Jose
1023.07 m (75 ft 8+14 in)Crouser #723 July 2023London[25]
41123.06 m (75 ft 7+34 in)glideUlf Timmermann East Germany22 May 1988Chania
1223.02 m (75 ft 6+14 in)Crouser #828 May 2022Eugene[26]
1323.01 m (75 ft 5+34 in)Crouser #922 May 2021Tucson
14 22.94 m (75 ft 3 in) Crouser #10 17 July 2022 Eugene [27]
15 22.93 m (75 ft 2+34 in) Kovacs #2 17 September 2023 Eugene [28]
1622.92 m (75 ft 2+14 in)Crouser #1118 June 2021Eugene
51722.91 m (75 ft 1+34 in)glideAlessandro Andrei Italy12 August 1987Viareggio
17 22.91 m (75 ft 1+34 in) Kovacs #25 October 2019Doha[29]
Crouser #1218 July 2020Marietta
Crouser #13 17 September 2023 Eugene [28]
2122.90 m (75 ft 1+12 in)Crouser #145 October 2019Doha
62122.90 m (75 ft 1+12 in)spinTom Walsh New Zealand5 October 2019Doha[29]
23 22.89 m (75 ft 1 in) Kovacs #3 17 July 2022 Eugene [30]
Kovacs #4 8 August 2022 Székesfehérvár [31]
25 22.87 m (75 ft 14 in) Kovacs #5 24 June 2022 Eugene [24]
722.86 m (75 ft 0 in) AspinBrian Oldfield United States10 May 1975El Paso
822.75 m (74 ft 7+12 in)glideWerner Günthör  Switzerland23 August 1988Bern
922.67 m (74 ft 4+12 in)spinKevin Toth United States19 April 2003Lawrence
1022.64 m (74 ft 3+14 in)glideUdo Beyer East Germany20 August 1986Berlin
1122.61 m (74 ft 2 in)spinDarlan Romani Brazil30 June 2019Stanford[32]
1222.54 m (73 ft 11+14 in)spinChristian Cantwell United States5 June 2004Gresham
1322.52 m (73 ft 10+12 in)glideJohn Brenner United States26 April 1987Walnut
1422.51 m (73 ft 10 in)spinAdam Nelson United States18 May 2002Portland
1522.44 m (73 ft 7+14 in)spinDarrell Hill United States31 August 2017Brussels[33]
spin Zane Weir  Italy 3 September 2023 Padua [34]
1722.43 m (73 ft 7 in)spinReese Hoffa United States3 August 2007London
18 22.34 m (73 ft 3+12 in) spin Leonardo Fabbri  Italy 19 August 2023 Budapest [21]
1922.32 m (73 ft 2+12 in)spinMichał Haratyk Poland28 July 2019Warsaw[35]
20 22.29 m (73 ft 1+12 in) spin Josh Awotunde  United States 17 July 2022 Eugene [36]
2122.28 m (73 ft 1 in)spinRyan Whiting United States10 May 2013Doha
2222.25 m (72 ft 11+34 in)spinKonrad Bukowiecki Poland14 September 2019Chorzów[37]
2322.24 m (72 ft 11+12 in)glideSergey Smirnov Soviet Union21 June 1986Tallinn
2422.22 m (72 ft 10+34 in)spinBob Bertemes Luxembourg4 August 2019Luxembourg City[38]
spinRajindra Campbell Jamaica22 July 2023Madrid[39]

Notable throws and series

  • Ryan Crouser threw 23.12 in Eugene, Oregon on 24 June 2022. 23.01, 23.11 and 22.98 (ancillary throws) were recorded for his remaining attempts. This was the first time the 23-metre barrier has been broken more than once in a series.[24]
  • Crouser also threw a series of 23.23, 23.31, 22.94, 23.56, 22.80 and 22.86 in Los Angeles, California on 27 May 2023 to break again the 23-metre mark three times in a series.[20]

Women (outdoor)

Ath.#Perf.#MarkTechniqueAthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
1122.63 m (74 ft 2+34 in)glideNatalya Lisovskaya Soviet Union7 June 1987Moscow
222.60 m (74 ft 1+34 in)Lisovskaya #27 June 1987Moscow
322.55 m (73 ft 11+34 in)Lisovskaya #35 July 1988Tallinn
422.53 m (73 ft 11 in)Lisovskaya #427 May 1984Sochi
Lisovskaya #514 August 1988Kyiv
2622.45 m (73 ft 7+34 in)glideIlona Slupianek East Germany11 May 1980Potsdam
722.41 m (73 ft 6+14 in)Slupianek #224 July 1980Moscow
822.40 m (73 ft 5+34 in)Slupianek #33 June 1983Berlin
922.38 m (73 ft 5 in)Slupianek #425 May 1980Karl-Marx-Stadt
1022.36 m (73 ft 4+14 in)Slupianek #52 May 1980Celje
1122.34 m (73 ft 3+12 in)Slupianek #67 May 1980Berlin
Slupianek #718 July 1980Cottbus
31322.32 m (73 ft 2+12 in)glideHelena Fibingerová Czechoslovakia20 August 1977Nitra
1422.24 m (72 ft 11+12 in)Lisovskaya #61 October 1988Seoul
1522.22 m (72 ft 10+34 in)Slupianek #813 July 1980Potsdam
41622.19 m (72 ft 9+12 in)glideClaudia Losch West Germany23 August 1987Hainfeld
1722.13 m (72 ft 7+14 in)Slupianek #929 April 1980Split
1822.06 m (72 ft 4+12 in)Lisovskaya #76 August 1988Moscow
1922.05 m (72 ft 4 in)Slupianek #1028 May 1980Berlin
Slupianek #1131 May 1980Potsdam
2122.04 m (72 ft 3+12 in)Slupianek #124 July 1979Potsdam
Slupianek #1329 July 1979Potsdam
2321.99 m (72 ft 1+12 in)Fibingerová #226 September 1976Opava
2421.98 m (72 ft 1+14 in)Slupianek #1417 July 1979Berlin
2521.96 m (72 ft 12 in)Fibingerová #38 June 1977Ostrava
Lisovskaya #816 August 1984Prague
Lisovskaya #928 August 1988Vilnius
521.89 m (71 ft 9+34 in)glideIvanka Khristova Bulgaria4 July 1976Belmeken
621.86 m (71 ft 8+12 in)glideMarianne Adam East Germany23 June 1979Leipzig
721.76 m (71 ft 4+12 in)glideLi Meisu China23 April 1988Shijiazhuang
821.73 m (71 ft 3+12 in)glideNatalya Akhrimenko Soviet Union21 May 1988Leselidze
921.69 m (71 ft 1+34 in)glideVita Pavlysh Ukraine20 August 1998Budapest
1021.66 m (71 ft 34 in)glideSui Xinmei China9 June 1990Beijing
1121.61 m (70 ft 10+34 in)glideVerzhinia Veselinova Bulgaria21 August 1982Sofia
1221.58 m (70 ft 9+12 in)glideMargitta Droese-Pufe East Germany28 May 1978Erfurt
1321.57 m (70 ft 9 in)glideInes Müller East Germany16 May 1988Athens
1421.53 m (70 ft 7+12 in)glideNunu Abashidze Soviet Union20 June 1984Kyiv
1521.52 m (70 ft 7 in)glideHuang Zhihong China27 June 1990Beijing
1621.46 m (70 ft 4+34 in)glideLarisa Peleshenko Russia26 August 2000Budapest
1721.45 m (70 ft 4+14 in)glideNadezhda Chizhova Soviet Union29 September 1973Varna
1821.43 m (70 ft 3+12 in)glideEva Wilms West Germany17 June 1977Munich
1921.42 m (70 ft 3+14 in)glideSvetlana Krachevskaya Soviet Union24 July 1980Moscow
2021.31 m (69 ft 10+34 in)glideHeike Hartwig East Germany16 May 1988Athens
2121.27 m (69 ft 9+14 in)glideLiane Schmuhl East Germany26 June 1982Cottbus
2221.24 m (69 ft 8 in)glideValerie Adams New Zealand29 August 2011Daegu
2321.22 m (69 ft 7+14 in)glideAstrid Kumbernuss Germany5 August 1995Gothenburg
2421.21 m (69 ft 7 in)glideKathrin Neimke East Germany5 September 1987Rome
2521.19 m (69 ft 6+14 in)glideHelma Knorscheidt East Germany24 May 1984Berlin

Men (indoor)

  • Correct as of February 2023.[42]
Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
1 22.82 m (74 ft 10+14 in) Ryan Crouser (USA)24 January 2021Fayetteville
2 22.66 m (74 ft 4 in) Randy Barnes (USA)20 January 1989Los Angeles
3 22.55 m (73 ft 11+34 in) Ulf Timmermann (GDR)11 February 1989Senftenberg
4 22.53 m (73 ft 11 in) Darlan Romani (BRA)19 March 2022Belgrade
5 22.40 m (73 ft 5+34 in) Adam Nelson (USA)15 February 2008Fayetteville
6 22.31 m (73 ft 2+14 in) Tom Walsh (NZL)3 March 2018Birmingham
7 22.26 m (73 ft 14 in) Werner Günthör (SUI)8 February 1987Magglingen
8 22.23 m (72 ft 11 in) A Ryan Whiting (USA)23 February 2014Albuquerque
9 22.18 m (72 ft 9 in) Christian Cantwell (USA)22 February 2008Warrensburg
10 22.17 m (72 ft 8+34 in) Tomáš Staněk (CZE)6 February 2018Düsseldorf[43]
11 22.11 m (72 ft 6+14 in) Reese Hoffa (USA)10 March 2006Moscow
12 22.09 m (72 ft 5+12 in) Mika Halvari (FIN)7 February 2000Tampere
13 22.06 m (72 ft 4+12 in) Zane Weir (ITA)3 March 2023Istanbul[44]
14 22.05 m (72 ft 4 in) Joe Kovacs (USA)13 February 2021Geneva
15 22.02 m (72 ft 2+34 in) George Woods (USA)8 February 1974Inglewood
16 22.00 m (72 ft 2 in) Konrad Bukowiecki (POL)15 February 2018Toruń
17 21.93 m (71 ft 11+14 in)  Bob Bertemes (LUX) 19 February 2023 Kirchberg
18 21.88 m (71 ft 9+14 in) David Storl (GER)9 March 2012Istanbul
19 21.85 m (71 ft 8 in) Turner Washington (USA)13 February 2021Lubbock
20 21.84 m (71 ft 7+34 in)  Filip Mihaljević (CRO)27 February 2020Belgrade
 Roman Kokoshko (UKR)3 March 2023Istanbul[45]
22 21.83 m (71 ft 7+14 in) Oleksandr Bahach (UKR)21 February 1991Brovary
 John Godina (USA)26 February 2005Boston
 Michał Haratyk (POL)12 February 2021Łódź
25 21.81 m (71 ft 6+12 in) Payton Otterdahl (USA)23 February 2019Brookings

Notes

Below is a list of all other throws equal or superior to 22.42 m:

  • Ryan Crouser also threw 22.70 (2021), 22.66 (2021), 22.65 (2021), 22.60 (2020), 22.58 (2020, 2023), 22.48 (2021), 22.43 (2021) and 22.42 (2023).
  • Randy Barnes also threw 22.66 (1989).
  • Ulf Timmermann also threw 22.55 (1989).

Ryan Crouser threw 23.38 i, a possible world record, in Pocatello, Idaho on 18 February 2023. But this result was unratifiable because the throwing circle was too wide and raised above ground level.[46]

Women (indoor)

  • Correct as of May 2022.[47]
Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
1 22.50 m (73 ft 9+34 in) Helena Fibingerová (TCH)19 February 1977Jablonec
2 22.14 m (72 ft 7+12 in) Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)7 February 1987Penza
3 21.60 m (70 ft 10+14 in) Valentina Fedyushina (UKR)28 December 1991Simferopol
4 21.59 m (70 ft 10 in) Ilona Slupianek (GDR)24 January 1979Berlin
5 21.46 m (70 ft 4+34 in) Claudia Losch (FRG)4 February 1986Zweibrücken
6 21.26 m (69 ft 9 in) Ines Müller (GDR)24 February 1985Berlin
 Natalya Akhrimenko (URS)24 January 1987Leningrad
8 21.23 m (69 ft 7+34 in) Margitta Droese-Pufe (GDR)26 February 1978Senftenberg
9 21.15 m (69 ft 4+12 in) Irina Korzhanenko (RUS)18 February 1999Moscow
10 21.10 m (69 ft 2+12 in) Sui Xinmei (CHN)3 March 1990Beijing
11 21.08 m (69 ft 1+34 in) Li Meisu (CHN)25 March 1988Beijing
12 21.06 m (69 ft 1 in) Eva Wilms (FRG)19 February 1977Dortmund
 Nunu Abashidze (URS)8 February 1984Budapest
14 21.03 m (68 ft 11+34 in) Helma Knorscheidt (GDR)4 August 1983Berlin
15 20.98 m (68 ft 9+34 in) Valerie Adams (NZL)28 August 2013Zürich
16 20.94 m (68 ft 8+14 in) Kathrin Neimke (GDR)3 February 1988Senftenberg
17 20.85 m (68 ft 4+34 in) Heidi Krieger (GDR)25 January 1987Berlin
18 20.78 m (68 ft 2 in) Ivanka Khristova (BUL)14 February 1976Sofia
19 20.75 m (68 ft 34 in) Heike Hartwig (GDR)7 February 1987Senftenberg
20 20.74 m (68 ft 12 in) Verzhiniya Veselinova (BUL)21 February 1982Sofia
21 20.73 m (68 ft 0 in) Vita Pavlysh (UKR)22 February 2004Sumy
22 20.71 m (67 ft 11+14 in) Larisa Peleshenko (URS)11 February 1988Volgograd
23 20.70 m (67 ft 10+34 in) Liane Schmuhl (GDR)27 February 1982Senftenberg
24 20.69 m (67 ft 10+12 in) Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)22 January 1999Moscow
25 20.62 m (67 ft 7+34 in) Nadezhda Chizhova (URS)9 March 1974Gothenburg

Annulled

The following athletes had their performance (inside 21.50 m) annulled due to doping offences:

Olympic medalists

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
Robert Garrett
 United States
Miltiadis Gouskos
 Greece
Georgios Papasideris
 Greece
1900 Paris
Richard Sheldon
 United States
Josiah McCracken
 United States
Robert Garrett
 United States
1904 St. Louis
Ralph Rose
 United States
Wesley Coe
 United States
Lawrence Feuerbach
 United States
1908 London
Ralph Rose
 United States
Denis Horgan
 Great Britain
John Garrels
 United States
1912 Stockholm
Pat McDonald
 United States
Ralph Rose
 United States
Lawrence Whitney
 United States
1920 Antwerp
Ville Pörhölä
 Finland
Elmer Niklander
 Finland
Harry Liversedge
 United States
1924 Paris
Bud Houser
 United States
Glenn Hartranft
 United States
Ralph Hills
 United States
1928 Amsterdam
John Kuck
 United States
Herman Brix
 United States
Emil Hirschfeld
 Germany
1932 Los Angeles
Leo Sexton
 United States
Harlow Rothert
 United States
František Douda
 Czechoslovakia
1936 Berlin
Hans Woellke
 Germany
Sulo Bärlund
 Finland
Gerhard Stöck
 Germany
1948 London
Wilbur Thompson
 United States
Jim Delaney
 United States
Jim Fuchs
 United States
1952 Helsinki
Parry O'Brien
 United States
Darrow Hooper
 United States
Jim Fuchs
 United States
1956 Melbourne
Parry O'Brien
 United States
Bill Nieder
 United States
Jiří Skobla
 Czechoslovakia
1960 Rome
Bill Nieder
 United States
Parry O'Brien
 United States
Dallas Long
 United States
1964 Tokyo
Dallas Long
 United States
Randy Matson
 United States
Vilmos Varjú
 Hungary
1968 Mexico City
Randy Matson
 United States
George Woods
 United States
Eduard Gushchin
 Soviet Union
1972 Munich
Władysław Komar
 Poland
George Woods
 United States
Hartmut Briesenick
 East Germany
1976 Montreal
Udo Beyer
 East Germany
Yevgeniy Mironov
 Soviet Union
Aleksandr Baryshnikov
 Soviet Union
1980 Moscow
Vladimir Kiselyov
 Soviet Union
Aleksandr Baryshnikov
 Soviet Union
Udo Beyer
 East Germany
1984 Los Angeles
Alessandro Andrei
 Italy
Mike Carter
 United States
Dave Laut
 United States
1988 Seoul
Ulf Timmermann
 East Germany
Randy Barnes
 United States
Werner Günthör
 Switzerland
1992 Barcelona
Mike Stulce
 United States
Jim Doehring
 United States
Vyacheslav Lykho
 Unified Team
1996 Atlanta
Randy Barnes
 United States
John Godina
 United States
Oleksandr Bagach
 Ukraine
2000 Sydney
Arsi Harju
 Finland
Adam Nelson
 United States
John Godina
 United States
2004 Athens
Adam Nelson
 United States
Joachim Olsen
 Denmark
Manuel Martínez
 Spain
2008 Beijing
Tomasz Majewski
 Poland
Christian Cantwell
 United States
Dylan Armstrong
 Canada
2012 London
Tomasz Majewski
 Poland
David Storl
 Germany
Reese Hoffa
 United States
2016 Rio de Janeiro
Ryan Crouser
 United States
Joe Kovacs
 United States
Tom Walsh
 New Zealand
2020 Tokyo
Ryan Crouser
 United States
Joe Kovacs
 United States
Tom Walsh
 New Zealand
2024 Paris

Women

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1948 London
Micheline Ostermeyer
 France
Amelia Piccinini
 Italy
Ina Schäffer
 Austria
1952 Helsinki
Galina Zybina
 Soviet Union
Marianne Werner
 Germany
Klavdiya Tochenova
 Soviet Union
1956 Melbourne
Tamara Tyshkevich
 Soviet Union
Galina Zybina
 Soviet Union
Marianne Werner
 United Team of Germany
1960 Rome
Tamara Press
 Soviet Union
Johanna Lüttge
 United Team of Germany
Earlene Brown
 United States
1964 Tokyo
Tamara Press
 Soviet Union
Renate Culmberger
 United Team of Germany
Galina Zybina
 Soviet Union
1968 Mexico City
Margitta Gummel
 East Germany
Marita Lange
 East Germany
Nadezhda Chizhova
 Soviet Union
1972 Munich
Nadezhda Chizhova
 Soviet Union
Margitta Gummel
 East Germany
Ivanka Khristova
 Bulgaria
1976 Montreal
Ivanka Khristova
 Bulgaria
Nadezhda Chizhova
 Soviet Union
Helena Fibingerová
 Czechoslovakia
1980 Moscow
Ilona Slupianek
 East Germany
Svetlana Krachevskaya
 Soviet Union
Margitta Pufe
 East Germany
1984 Los Angeles
Claudia Losch
 West Germany
Mihaela Loghin
 Romania
Gael Martin
 Australia
1988 Seoul
Natalya Lisovskaya
 Soviet Union
Kathrin Neimke
 East Germany
Li Meisu
 China
1992 Barcelona
Svetlana Krivelyova
 Unified Team
Huang Zhihong
 China
Kathrin Neimke
 Germany
1996 Atlanta
Astrid Kumbernuss
 Germany
Sui Xinmei
 China
Irina Khudoroshkina
 Russia
2000 Sydney
Yanina Karolchik
 Belarus
Larisa Peleshenko
 Russia
Astrid Kumbernuss
 Germany
2004 Athens
Yumileidi Cumbá
 Cuba
Nadine Kleinert
 Germany
Not awarded[48]
2008 Beijing
Valerie Vili
 New Zealand
Misleydis González
 Cuba
Gong Lijiao
 China
2012 London
Valerie Adams
 New Zealand
Gong Lijiao
 China
Li Ling
 China
2016 Rio de Janeiro
Michelle Carter
 United States
Valerie Adams
 New Zealand
Anita Márton
 Hungary
2020 Tokyo
Gong Lijiao
 China
Raven Saunders
 United States
Valerie Adams
 New Zealand
2024 Paris

World Championship medalists

Men

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
 Edward Sarul (POL)  Ulf Timmermann (GDR)  Remigius Machura (TCH)
1987 Rome
 Werner Günthör (SUI)  Alessandro Andrei (ITA)  John Brenner (USA)
1991 Tokyo
 Werner Günthör (SUI)  Lars Arvid Nilsen (NOR)  Aleksandr Klimenko (URS)
1993 Stuttgart
 Werner Günthör (SUI)  Randy Barnes (USA)  Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)
1995 Gothenburg
 John Godina (USA)  Mika Halvari (FIN)  Randy Barnes (USA)
1997 Athens
 John Godina (USA)  Oliver-Sven Buder (GER)  C. J. Hunter (USA)
1999 Seville
 C. J. Hunter (USA)  Oliver-Sven Buder (GER)  Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)
2001 Edmonton
 John Godina (USA)  Adam Nelson (USA)  Arsi Harju (FIN)
2003 Saint-Denis
 Andrei Mikhnevich (BLR)  Adam Nelson (USA)  Yuriy Bilonoh (UKR)
2005 Helsinki
 Adam Nelson (USA)  Rutger Smith (NED)  Ralf Bartels (GER)
2007 Osaka
 Reese Hoffa (USA)  Adam Nelson (USA)  Rutger Smith (NED)
2009 Berlin
 Christian Cantwell (USA)  Tomasz Majewski (POL)  Ralf Bartels (GER)
2011 Daegu
 David Storl (GER)  Dylan Armstrong (CAN)  Christian Cantwell (USA)
2013 Moscow
 David Storl (GER)  Ryan Whiting (USA)  Dylan Armstrong (CAN)
2015 Beijing
 Joe Kovacs (USA)  David Storl (GER)  O'Dayne Richards (JAM)
2017 London
 Tom Walsh (NZL)  Joe Kovacs (USA)  Stipe Žunić (CRO)
2019 Doha
 Joe Kovacs (USA)  Ryan Crouser (USA)  Tom Walsh (NZL)
2022 Eugene
 Ryan Crouser (USA)  Joe Kovacs (USA)  Josh Awotunde (USA)
2023 Budapest
 Ryan Crouser (USA)  Leonardo Fabbri (ITA)  Joe Kovacs (USA)

Women

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
 Helena Fibingerová (TCH)  Helma Knorscheidt (GDR)  Ilona Schoknecht-Slupianek (GDR)
1987 Rome
 Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)  Kathrin Neimke (GDR)  Ines Müller (GDR)
1991 Tokyo
 Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)  Svetlana Krivelyova (URS)
1993 Stuttgart
 Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)  Kathrin Neimke (GER)
1995 Gothenburg
 Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)  Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Svetla Mitkova (BUL)
1997 Athens
 Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)  Vita Pavlysh (UKR)  Stephanie Storp (GER)
1999 Seville
 Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)
2001 Edmonton
 Yanina Karolchik (BLR)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)  Vita Pavlysh (UKR)
2003 Saint-Denis
 Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)  Nadzeya Ostapchuk (BLR)  Vita Pavlysh (UKR)
2005 Helsinki[49]
 Olga Ryabinkina (RUS)  Valerie Vili (NZL)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)
2007 Osaka
 Valerie Vili (NZL)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)  Li Ling (CHN)
2009 Berlin
 Valerie Vili (NZL)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)
2011 Daegu
 Valerie Adams (NZL)  Jillian Camarena-Williams (USA)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)
2013 Moscow
 Valerie Adams (NZL)  Christina Schwanitz (GER)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)
2015 Beijing
 Christina Schwanitz (GER)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)  Michelle Carter (USA)
2017 London
 Gong Lijiao (CHN)  Anita Márton (HUN)  Michelle Carter (USA)
2019 Doha
 Gong Lijiao (CHN)  Danniel Thomas-Dodd (JAM)  Christina Schwanitz (GER)
2022 Eugene
 Chase Ealey (USA)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)  Jessica Schilder (NED)
2023 Budapest
 Chase Ealey (USA)  Sarah Mitton (CAN)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)

World Indoor Championships medalists

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1985 Paris[A]
 Remigius Machura (TCH)  Udo Beyer (GDR)  Jānis Bojārs (URS)
1987 Indianapolis
 Ulf Timmermann (GDR)  Werner Günthör (SUI)  Sergey Smirnov (URS)
1989 Budapest
 Ulf Timmermann (GDR)  Randy Barnes (USA)  Georg Andersen (NOR)
1991 Seville
 Werner Günthör (SUI)  Klaus Bodenmüller (AUT)  Ron Backes (USA)
1993 Toronto
 Mike Stulce (USA)  Jim Doehring (USA)  Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)
1995 Barcelona
 Mika Halvari (FIN)  C. J. Hunter (USA)  Dragan Perić (FRY)
1997 Paris
 Yuriy Bilonoh (UKR)  Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)  John Godina (USA)
1999 Maebashi
 Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)  John Godina (USA)  Yuriy Bilonoh (UKR)
2001 Lisbon
 John Godina (USA)  Adam Nelson (USA)  Manuel Martínez (ESP)
2003 Birmingham
 Manuel Martínez (ESP)  John Godina (USA)  Yuriy Bilonoh (UKR)
2004 Budapest
 Christian Cantwell (USA)  Reese Hoffa (USA)  Joachim Olsen (DEN)
2006 Moscow
 Reese Hoffa (USA)  Joachim Olsen (DEN)  Pavel Sofin (RUS)
2008 Valencia
 Christian Cantwell (USA)  Reese Hoffa (USA)  Tomasz Majewski (POL)
2010 Doha
 Christian Cantwell (USA)  Ralf Bartels (GER)  Dylan Armstrong (CAN)
2012 Istanbul
 Ryan Whiting (USA)  David Storl (GER)  Tomasz Majewski (POL)
2014 Sopot
 Ryan Whiting (USA)  David Storl (GER)  Tomas Walsh (NZL)
2016 Portland
 Tomas Walsh (NZL)  Andrei Gag (ROU)  Filip Mihaljević (CRO)
2018 Birmingham
 Tomas Walsh (NZL)  David Storl (GER)  Tomáš Staněk (CZE)
2022 Belgrade
 Darlan Romani (BRA)  Ryan Crouser (USA)  Tomas Walsh (NZL)

Women

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1985 Paris[A]
 Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)  Ines Müller (GDR)  Nunu Abashidze (URS)
1987 Indianapolis
 Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)  Ilona Briesenick (GDR)  Claudia Losch (FRG)
1989 Budapest
 Claudia Losch (FRG)  Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Christa Wiese (GDR)
1991 Seville
 Sui Xinmei (CHN)  Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)
1993 Toronto
 Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)  Stephanie Storp (GER)  Zhang Liuhong (CHN)
1995 Barcelona
 Kathrin Neimke (GER)  Connie Price-Smith (USA)  Grit Hammer (GER)
1997 Paris
 Vita Pavlysh (UKR)  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)  Irina Korzhanenko (RUS)
1999 Maebashi
 Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)  Krystyna Danilczyk-Zabawska (POL)  Teri Steer-Tunks (USA)
2001 Lisbon
 Larisa Peleshenko (RUS)  Nadzeya Ostapchuk (BLR)  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)
2003 Birmingham
 Irina Korzhanenko (RUS)  Nadzeya Ostapchuk (BLR)  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)
2004 Budapest
 Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)  Yumileidi Cumbá (CUB)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)
2006 Moscow
 Natallia Mikhnevich (BLR)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)  Olga Ryabinkina (RUS)
2008 Valencia
 Valerie Vili (NZL)  Li Meiju (CHN)  Misleydis González (CUB)
2010 Doha
 Valerie Adams (NZL)  Anna Avdeyeva (RUS)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)
2012 Istanbul
 Valerie Adams (NZL)  Michelle Carter (USA)  Jillian Camarena-Williams (USA)
2014 Sopot
 Valerie Adams (NZL)  Christina Schwanitz (GER)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)
2016 Portland
 Michelle Carter (USA)  Anita Márton (HUN)  Valerie Adams (NZL)
2018 Birmingham
 Anita Márton (HUN)  Danniel Thomas-Dodd (JAM)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)
2022 Belgrade
 Auriol Dongmo (POR)  Chase Ealey (USA)  Jessica Schilder (NED)
  • A Known as the World Indoor Games

Season's bests

See also

Notes and references

  1. Colin White (31 December 2009). Projectile Dynamics in Sport: Principles and Applications. Taylor & Francis. pp. 131–. ISBN 978-0-415-47331-6. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  2. "Hammer Throw". IAAF. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  3. Shot Put – Introduction. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-02-28.
  4. "Laying Out Sector Angles for the Track and Field Throwing Events" (PDF). USA Track & Field Pacific Northwest. Retrieved 2022-03-19. The shot, discus, hammer & weight throw sector is 34.92º. This angle was chosen due to its simple geometry.
  5. "Biomechanical Problem of Shot Putting Finally Solved".
  6. "Follow These Directions for the Glide Technique in Shot Put".
  7. "Rotational vs. Glide Revisited - Comparing Shot Techniques [ARTICLE] | the Track & Field / Cross Country Coaches Insider". Archived from the original on 2018-05-10. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  8. 1 2 "Shot Put Spin and Glide Technique Comparison". 2013-09-17.
  9. Aleksandr Baryshnikov biography on sportsdaily.ru (in Russian) reference tested at 11 May 2009
  10. Aleksandr Baryshnikov, Athlete from Russia (in Russian) Archived 2010-09-17 at the Wayback Machine reference tested at 11 May 2009
  11. Григорий РУДЕРМАН (Израиль), заслуженный тренер России «Метания в хх веке : тенденции развития.» Archived 2013-10-31 at the Wayback Machine reference tested at 11 May 2009
  12. "High School Shot Put: Glide or Spin?" (PDF). Louisiana Track and Field Coaches Association. 2009. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  13. "History's best shot putter smashes world record with new technique at L.A. Grand Prix". Los Angeles Times. 2023-05-28. Retrieved 2023-06-29.
  14. Playboy Poland 8/2012, page 44,45
  15. "Ryan Crouser breaks world indoor shot put record with 2 best throws in history". 24 January 2021.
  16. "Men's Outdoor Shot Put | Records". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  17. "Women's Outdoor Shot Put | Records". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  18. "Shot Put Men Senior Outdoor". IAAF. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  19. "All-time men's best Shot Put". alltime-athletics.com. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  20. 1 2 "FLASH: Crouser breaks world shot put record with 23.56m in Los Angeles | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2023-05-27.
  21. 1 2 "Crouser retains shot put title at worlds after nearly staying home due to blood clots". AP News. 2023-08-19. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  22. "Crouser smashes world shot put record with 23.37m in Eugene | REPORT | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  23. Jess Whittington (7 September 2022). "Kovacs throws 23.23m in superb shot put showdown on Sechselautenplatz". World Athletics. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  24. 1 2 3 Karen Rosen (25 June 2022). "Kerley cruises to speedy 100m triumph at US Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  25. "Shot Put Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  26. Cathal Dennehy (29 May 2022). "Norman reigns in fierce 400m clash with record run in Eugene". World Athletics. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  27. "Men's Shot Put Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 17 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  28. 1 2 "Tsegay smashes world 5000m record and Duplantis breaks world pole vault record in Eugene | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
  29. 1 2 "Shot Put Results" (PDF). IAAF. 5 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  30. "Men's Shot Put Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 17 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  31. Chris Broadbent (8 August 2022). "McLaughlin sets European all-comers' record of 51.68 in Szekesfehervar". World Athletics. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  32. Brian Russell (1 July 2019). "Romani takes surprise shot put win in Stanford – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  33. Mike Rowbottom (31 August 2017). "Hill hits the shot put jackpot in Brussels' Place de la Monnaie – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  34. "Weir blasts a lifetime best of 22.44m for victory in Padua". European Athletics. 4 September 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  35. "Haratyk smashes Polish shot put record with 22.32m in Warsaw". European Athletics. 28 July 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  36. "Men's Shot Put Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 17 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  37. Bob Ramsak (14 September 2019). "Bukowiecki improves to 22.25m in Chorzow". IAAF. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  38. "Cessange -Luxembourg- (Luxembourg), 3–4.8.2019 -Mémorial J.-P. Kops & J.-M. Reuter-". trackinsun.blogspot.com. 4 August 2019. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  39. "Rajindra Campbell breaks national Shot Put record". The Gleaner. 22 July 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  40. "Shot Put Women Senior Outdoor". IAAF. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  41. "All-time women's best Shot Put". alltime-athletics.com. 30 August 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  42. "Shot Put - men - senior - indoor". World Athletics. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  43. "Shot Put Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  44. "Shot Put Final Results" (PDF). European Athletics. 3 March 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  45. "Shot Put Final Results" (PDF). European Athletics. 3 March 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  46. Lindstrom, Sieg (12 April 2023). "No April Fools' Gag — Crouser's 76-8½ Nixed". Track&Field News. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  47. "Shot Put - women - senior - indoor". World Athletics. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  48. Athens 2004 Athletics Medalists. Olympic.org. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
  49. Revision of results following sanctions of Tsikhan and Ostapchuk
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.