Paleohispanic
(geographic)
Geographic
distribution
Mainly, Iberia and southwestern France (including Andorra)
Paleohispanic languages according to inscriptions (except Aquitanian – according to anthroponyms and theonyms used in Latin inscriptions).

Pre-Roman languages of Iberia by 300 BCE.[1]

The paleo-Hispanic languages[2] are the languages of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, excluding languages of foreign colonies, such as Greek in Emporion and Phoenician in Qart Hadast. After the Roman conquest of Hispania the Paleohispanic languages, with the exception of Proto-Basque, were replaced by Latin, the ancestor of the modern Iberian Romance languages.

Languages

Some of these languages were documented directly through inscriptions, mainly in Paleohispanic scripts, that date for sure between the 5th century BC, maybe from the 7th century in the opinion of some researchers, until the end of the 1st century BC or the beginning of the 1st century AD.

Other Paleohispanic languages can only be identified indirectly through toponyms, anthroponyms or theonyms cited by Roman and Greek sources.

Classification

Of these languages, Celtiberian, Gallaecian, Lusitanian, and presumably Sorothaptic were Indo-European languages; Celtiberian and Gallaecian were Celtic languages, and Lusitanian may also have been, but the hypothetical Sorothaptic was not. Aquitanian was a precursor of Basque, while Tartessian and Iberian remain unclassified.[7]

See also

References

  1. "Populi", Iberia (map), Arkeotavira
  2. Sinner, Alejandro G.; Velaza, Javier (5 March 2019). Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198790822.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-879082-2.
  3. "Sorothaptic". ISO 639-3. Summer institute of linguistics. "MultiTree entry for Sorothaptic".
  4. Coromines, Joan (1976). Els ploms sorotàptics d'Arles [The sorotaptic leads of Arles] (in Catalan). pp. 142–216.
  5. Brill's New Pauly, 2008, p. 50
  6. Martines, Josep (2020). "General Lexicon". In Argenter, Joan A.; Lüdtke, Jens (eds.). Manual of Catalan Linguistics. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 311–350. ISBN 978-3-11-044831-3.
  7. Broderick, George (2010). "Die vorrömischen Sprachen auf der iberischen Halbinsel" [The pre-Roman languages of the Iberian Peninsula]. In Hinrichs, Uwe (ed.). Das Handbuch der Eurolinguistik [The Eurolinguistics Handbook] (in German) (1st ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-3-447-05928-2.

Further reading

  • Coromines, Joan. "Les Plombs Sorothaptiques d'Arles". In: Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie (ZrP) 91, no. 1-2 (1975): 1-53. https://doi.org/10.1515/zrph.1975.91.1-2.1
  • Correa, José Antonio (1994): «La lengua ibérica», Revista española de lingüística 24, 2, pp. 263–287.
  • Jordán, Carlos (2004): Celtibérico, Zaragoza.
  • Hoz, Javier de (1995): «Tartesio, fenicio y céltico, 25 años después», Tartessos 25 años después, pp. 591–607.
  • de Hoz Bravo, Jesús Javier; Churruca, Joaquín Gorrochategui Churruca. "Paleohispánica y Filología Clásica". In: Conuentus Classicorum: temas y formas del Mundo Clásico. Coord. por Jesús de la Villa, Emma Falque Rey, José Francisco González Castro, María José Muñoz Jiménez, Vol. 1, 2017, pp. 119-150. ISBN 978-84-697-8214-9
  • Rodríguez Ramos, Jesús (2005): «Introducció a l'estudi de les inscripcions ibèriques», Revista de la Fundació Privada Catalana per l'Arqueologia ibèrica, 1, pp. 13–144.
  • Untermann, Jürgen : Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, Wiesbaden. (1975): I Die Münzlegenden. (1980): II Die iberischen Inschriften aus Sudfrankreicht. (1990): III Die iberischen Inschriften aus Spanien. (1997): IV Die tartessischen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften.
  • Vallejo Ruiz, J. M. (2021). "Lengua lusitana y onomástica de Lusitania. 25 años después". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua, 21, 369-395. https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v21i0.409
  • Velaza, Javier (1996): Epigrafía y lengua ibéricas, Barcelona.
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