Stowbtsy
Стоўбцы (Belarusian)
Столбцы (Russian)
Town
View of Stowbtsy
View of Stowbtsy
Flag of Stowbtsy
Flag
Coat of arms of Stowbtsy
Coat of arms
Stowbtsy is located in Belarus
Stowbtsy
Stowbtsy
Coordinates: 53°29′N 26°44′E / 53.483°N 26.733°E / 53.483; 26.733
CountryBelarus
RegionMinsk Region
DistrictStowbtsy District
First mentioned1511
Population
 (2023)[1]
 • Total17,640
Time zoneGTM +3
Postal code
222666
Area code+375 1717
License plate5
Websitehttp://www.stolbtsy.minsk-region.by/

Stowbtsy[lower-alpha 1] (Belarusian: Стоўбцы, romanized: Stoŭbcy,[lower-alpha 2] IPA: [ˈstowpt͡sɨ]) or Stolbtsy (Russian: Столбцы, IPA: [stɐlˈptsɨ]; Polish: Stołpce; Yiddish: סטויבץ, romanized: Steibtz; Lithuanian: Stolpcai) is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Stowbtsy District.[1] It is located on the Neman River. As of 2023, it has a population of 17,640.[1]

Name origin

"Stowbtsy" means "columns" or "posts" in Belarusian. A suggested version for the name origin: once the Neman River was very deep, and sailing boats had to be tied to wooden posts to secure the boats against a strong flow of the river.[2]

History

The town was founded in 1593.[3] For a long time it was a shtetl with significant Jewish population.

Polish-Soviet borderpost in 1934

In August 1924, while Stowbtsy was part of the Second Polish Republic, the town was the site of a Soviet-Polish border incident in which a company of Soviet raiders attacked its police station and government building in order to free two imprisoned communist activists (see Soviet raid on Stołpce).[4]

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the municipality was occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, then by Germany until 1944. In June 1941, there were more than 3,000 Jews living in the town, including several hundred refugees from the German occupied parts of Poland. The city was under German occupation from 1941 to 1944. After a week of occupation, the Germans shot around 200 Jews together with several dozen non- Jews, allegedly as a reprisal for sniper fire directed at German soldiers. On September 23, 1942, some 450 Jews were sent to their workplaces, and 750 Jews, most of them women, were shot in a forest, while another 850 either managed to flee or remained in hiding in the ghetto. On October 2, another 488 Jews, composed mostly of women and children were shot. Another 350 Jews were killed on October 11. On January 31, 1943, the remaining 254 Jews, including those brought in from Novy Sverzhen, were shot. In the following days, the captured Jews were also shot and 293 Jews had been shot by February 4, 1943. Some of the Jews who fled the ghetto survived by joining the Bielski partisans in the nearby Naliboki Forest.[5] In 1944, the town was re-occupied by the Soviet Union, which annexed it from Poland in 1945.

Climate

Climate data for Stowbtsy (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)		 6.0
(42.8)		 13.5
(56.3)		 23.2
(73.8)		 28.0
(82.4)		 30.3
(86.5)		 31.8
(89.2)		 31.5
(88.7)		 26.5
(79.7)		 19.4
(66.9)		 11.6
(52.9)		 6.0
(42.8)		 31.8
(89.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 5.0
(41.0)		 13.3
(55.9)		 19.4
(66.9)		 22.9
(73.2)		 24.9
(76.8)		 24.2
(75.6)		 18.0
(64.4)		 10.8
(51.4)		 4.0
(39.2)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 11.7
(53.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 0.9
(33.6)		 7.9
(46.2)		 13.5
(56.3)		 17.1
(62.8)		 19.0
(66.2)		 18.2
(64.8)		 12.8
(55.0)		 6.8
(44.2)		 1.6
(34.9)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 7.3
(45.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.4
(20.5)		 −5.9
(21.4)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 3.0
(37.4)		 7.9
(46.2)		 11.6
(52.9)		 13.7
(56.7)		 12.7
(54.9)		 8.4
(47.1)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −4.6
(23.7)		 3.4
(38.1)
Record low °C (°F) −20.1
(−4.2)		 −17.4
(0.7)		 −11.2
(11.8)		 −4.1
(24.6)		 0.5
(32.9)		 5.0
(41.0)		 8.6
(47.5)		 6.4
(43.5)		 0.8
(33.4)		 −4.1
(24.6)		 −9.4
(15.1)		 −15.4
(4.3)		 −20.1
(−4.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41.8
(1.65)		 36.1
(1.42)		 34.1
(1.34)		 35.6
(1.40)		 61.8
(2.43)		 71.9
(2.83)		 89.6
(3.53)		 62.7
(2.47)		 51.9
(2.04)		 49.9
(1.96)		 45.2
(1.78)		 43.1
(1.70)		 623.7
(24.56)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9.7 9.0 8.9 7.1 9.2 9.3 10.8 8.1 7.8 9.0 9.5 10.7 109.1
Source: NOAA[6]

Notable people

Notes

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа". belsat.gov.by. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  2. ↑ "About the city". stolbtsy.by.(in Russian)
  3. ↑ Латушкін А. Заснаванне г. Стоўбцы (Свержна), Верхняе Панямонне. Вып. 1. Мінск 2012. С. 7-29
  4. ↑ David R. Stone, "The August 1924 Raid on Stolptsy, Poland, and the Evolution of Soviet Active Intelligence, Intelligence and National Security, vol. 21, no. 3 (June 2006), pp. 331-341
  5. ↑ "YAHAD - IN UNUM". yahadmap.org.
  6. ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Stowbtsy". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  7. ↑ Yakub Kolas: personality and work
  8. ↑ Ivonka Survilla (Івонка Сурвіла)

Bibliography

  • Верхняе Панямонне: альманах лакальнай гісторыі. Вып. 1. Minsk: І.П. Логвінаў. 2012. ISBN 978-985-6991-72-4..
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