Iraqi Air Force

Talil Air Base was an Iraqi Air Force base. The airbase was bombed in Operation Kaman 99 on the second day of the Iran–Iraq War, just after the Iraqi invasion of Iran.^[4]

The air base served as the home of a unit of Soviet-built MiG fighter aircraft as well as several Mi-24D (Hind-D) helicopter gunships. The aircraft could be serviced and stored in fortified concrete aircraft hangars located at either end of the main runway. These aircraft shelters, sometimes referred to as "trapezoids" or "Yugos", were built by Yugoslavian contractors sometime prior to 1985, and according to the Gulf War Air Power Survey, there were a total of 36 aircraft shelters in 1991.^[5]

It is possible that Sukhoi Su-20s may have been located at the base at some point during this period.

Gulf War

During the 1991 Gulf War, the base and its fortified aircraft shelters were heavily damaged by Coalition bombing missions. After the ground campaign began, elements of the U.S. Army 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) took the base after fierce opposition from an entrenched force of the Iraqi 37th and 45th Infantry Divisions. After the initial engagement and defeat of enemy forces the 24th ID required a security force to continue to hold this piece of key terrain. The original plan was for elements of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) to take up this position. However, with those elements being engaged further to the west this wasn't possible for several hours. It was later turned over to the 82nd Airborne Division of the U.S. Army. While the initial forces had been dealt with by the 24th ID (Mech) pockets of light resistance still remained and would mount small attacks. The original plan for Tallil was that it would be used as a resupply point for coalition forces. Therefore, it was vital for the 82nd to hold this until reinforcements could be brought up to help maintain the security of this very large airfield. U.S. Combat Engineers continued to destroy whatever serviceable aircraft and ordnance was missed during the earlier air campaign.^[6]

Iraq War 2003-11

US A-10 Thunderbolt IIs from the 442nd Fighter Wing, at the base in 2003

After the start of the Iraq War in 2003, Talil, now known as Ali Air Base, was used by the U.S. Air Force 332d Air Expeditionary Wing before they moved to Balad Air Base in January 2004. The 726th Maintenance Battalion (Massachusetts) arrived in May 2003 to operate as the Mayor cell for LSA (Logistics Support Area) Adder. The 407th Air Expeditionary Group, operating C-130 Hercules cargo airplanes, then utilized the base and trained more than 100 Iraqi Airmen on how to maintain and fly the C-130 type until February 2006. These trainees were then designated the Iraqi Air Force 23rd Squadron and relocated to Kirkuk Air Base.^[7]

Units from various coalition groups have used designated sections of Ali Air Base during the course of the occupation. Camp Terendak was used by Australian troops until the Australian Battlegroup withdrawal on June 1, 2008.^[8] Romanian troops used Camp Dracula until the Romanian Army withdrew in early June 2009.^[9] Camp Dracula was then used as the "Regional Center of Excellence for Civil Capacity".^[10][11]

Ali Air Base was thereafter used primarily by U.S. forces, including elements of the U.S. Army, Air Force, the Navy, and the Marine Corps. Camp Adder, used by the Army, was also the home to three Provincial Reconstruction Teams for the provinces of Dhi Qar, Muthanna, and Maysan. The Dhi Qar team was led by Italian personnel, while the Muthanna and Maysan teams were headed by U.S. State Department officers. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Gulf Region District managed these and most other construction projects, from start to finish, 34 Field Squadron (Air Support), Royal Engineers, built accommodation and repaired the runways to make them operational for use by the U.S. Air Force during the Iraq War.

A US airman fits a new pair of shoes on a young Bedouin girl in a village near Tallil Air Base, 2005

The base was nearly vacated of all U.S. Forces on 16 December 2011. The 20th Engineer Brigade, serving as the COB Adder Mayor Cell and Theatre Engineer Brigade, led and managed the transition of the final US base in Iraq. The closure of this base and the later movement of the remaining US Forces to Kuwait were the final actions in Operation New Dawn, the successor mission to Operation Iraqi Freedom.