Christiane Taubira
Taubira in January 2016
Minister of Justice
In office
16 May 2012 – 27 January 2016
Prime MinisterJean-Marc Ayrault
Manuel Valls
Preceded byMichel Mercier
Succeeded byJean-Jacques Urvoas
Regional Councillor of French Guiana
In office
26 March 2010 – 31 August 2012
Member of the National Assembly
for French Guiana's 1st constituency
In office
2 April 1993 – 16 June 2012
Preceded byÉlie Castor
Succeeded byGabriel Serville
Member of the European Parliament
In office
19 July 1994 – 19 July 1999
ConstituencyFrance
Personal details
Born
Christiane Marie Taubira

(1952-02-02) 2 February 1952
Cayenne, French Guiana, France
Political partyWalwari
Other political
affiliations		Radical Party of the Left
Children4
RelativesJean-Marie Taubira (brother)
Alma materPanthéon-Assas University
Paris-Sorbonne University
Signature

Christiane Marie Taubira (French: [kʁistjan maʁi tobiʁa]; born 2 February 1952) is a French politician who served as Minister of Justice of France in the governments of Prime Ministers Jean-Marc Ayrault and Manuel Valls under President François Hollande from 2012 until 2016.[1] She was a member of the National Assembly of France for French Guiana from 1993 to 2012 and member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 1999.

She won the 2022 French People's Primary, winning the right to stand as a "unity left" candidate in the 2022 French presidential election.[2] It was her second bid after the 2002 French presidential election where she failed to qualify to the second round after garnering only 2.32% of the votes in the first round. She dropped out of the race on 2 March 2022 after failing to get enough support to qualify.[3]

Early life

Taubira was born on 2 February 1952 in Cayenne, French Guiana, France, as one of 11 siblings and raised by a single mother.[4] Among others, she is the sister of French politician Jean-Marie Taubira, Secretary General of the Guianese Progressive Party.

Taubira studied economics at Panthéon-Assas University, African American ethnology, sociology at Paris-Sorbonne University and food industry at the French Center for Agricultural Cooperation.[5][6]

Political career

Early beginnings

Having served as President of the Walwari Party, Taubira from 1993 served as a Deputy to the French National Assembly, being re-elected in 1997. Non-affiliated in 1993, she then voted in favour of the conservative Prime Minister Edouard Balladur to form a Cabinet of ministers in 1993.

Member of the European Parliament, 1994–1999

In the 1994 European elections Taubira became a Member of the European Parliament (MEP),[7][8] being the fourth on the Énergie Radicale list led by Bernard Tapie. In parliament, she served on the Committee on Development (1994-1997) and the Committee on Culture, Youth, Education and the Media (1997-1999). In addition to her committee assignments, she was part of the parliament's delegation for relations with the countries of South America.[9]

In June 1997 Taubira joined the Socialist Party (PS), and then-Prime Minister Lionel Jospin appointed her to head a government commission into gold mining in Guiana.

Career in national politics

Taubira was the driving force behind a 21 May 2001 law that recognised the Atlantic slave trade and slavery as a crime against humanity.[10]

In 2002 Taubira was a Left Radical Party (PRG) candidate for the Presidency although she did not belong to the Party; she won 2.32% of the votes. After 2002 she became the party's vice-president. She was elected as its Deputy in the 2002 elections and chose to join the Socialists' group in the Assembly.

In the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Taubira endorsed Arnaud Montebourg as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.[11]

In addition to her work in national politics Taubira served as a Regional Councillor of French Guiana from 2010 until 2012.

Minister of Justice, 2012–2016

Taubira was nominated Minister of Justice by Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, following the victory of François Hollande in the 2012 elections. At the time, she was one of the few black, female politicians within a prominent ministry in the French government.[12] She soon emerged as one of the most outspoken and progressive voices in the government.[12]

Taubira was initially supposed to work with Junior Minister Delphine Batho. However, their relationship quickly broke down being unable to share responsibilities. After the June 2012 Legislative elections, Batho was moved to become Minister of Ecology replacing Nicole Bricq, leaving Taubira in charge of the Ministry of Justice. She resigned her position as Minister of Justice on 27 January 2016 after a disagreement with President Hollande over policies related to the treatment of French Nationals convicted of terrorism.[13]

In 2013, Taubira voiced her support for land reforms in France's Caribbean territories as compensation for slavery.[14] She also formally implemented an important electoral promise of François Hollande[15] and introduced Law 2013-404, which legalised same-sex marriage in France.

In 2014 Taubira successfully defied opposition parties' calls for her to quit after it emerged that she knew former President Nicolas Sarkozy's phone was being tapped, apparently contradicting an earlier statement from her.[16] She reportedly considered resigning in August 2014, along with other left-wing cabinet members such as Arnaud Montebourg, in protest against Hollande's economic policies.[17]

Taubira resigned in January 2016 after openly disagreeing with the French president's proposal to strip French nationality from dual-citizens convicted of terrorism, a measure championed by Hollande in the wake of the terrorist attacks that shook Paris on 13 November;[13] Minister of the Interior Manuel Valls had taken charge of the constitutional reform draft law, which would normally have been part of her portfolio.[18] One week later, she published Murmures à la jeunesse, a book about this proposal.[19]

Later career

Despite being urged to join the race by supporters, Taubira chose not to run in the Socialist Party's 2017 presidential primary,[20] and remained neutral in the contest; following his nomination Taubira later endorsed Benoît Hamon as the party's candidate for the 2017 French presidential election.[21] In the second round of the presidential election she called on voters to rally behind Emmanuel Macron.[22]

Taubira formally announced her candidacy for the 2022 presidential election in January 2022 [23] and won the "people's primary" intended to select a consensus left-wing candidate.[24] By March 2022, the Constitutional Council published data showing Taubira had failed to win enough endorsements from elected officials to qualify for the presidential election.[25]

Political views

Immigration

Taubira is a vocal critic of illegal immigration to French Guiana. In 2007 Taubira stated that "We are at an identity turning point. The ethnic Guyanese have become a minority on their own land" as a result of illegal immigration.[26][27] In recent years Taubira has called for solidarity with refugees in Metropolitan France.[28]

Victim of racist attacks

Like other female ministers Taubira has faced many racist and sexist insults.[29]

Taubira allowed the Guyanese political party Walwari to make a direct citation in the Cayenne criminal court against Anne-Sophie Leclère, a candidate for the Front National who in October 2013 shared a racist cartoon comparing Taubira to a monkey on her Facebook page. Leclère was sentenced to nine months in prison and five years of ineligibility by the court before the judgement was quashed on appeal as Walwari's actions were deemed invalid.[30]

In September 2016 the Paris criminal court, which had opened an investigation when the facts were revealed, found Leclère guilty of the crime of public insult and sentenced her to a suspended fine of 3,000 euros.

In November 2013 the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights condemned the comments, which it considered as racist attacks against Taubira, in particular those on the cover of the extreme right-wing weekly Minute, which featured her photo with the caption: "Clever as a monkey, Taubira finds the banana". The weekly rejected the accusation of racism, arguing that it merely used two French expressions, "the second of which - the part about the banana - is familiarly used to describe a person in good shape". The minister denounced comments of "extreme violence", denying her "belonging to the human race". The weekly's editor was sentenced to a fine of 10,000 euros for its front page on 30 October 2014. The public prosecutor's office appealed against the fine, saying that it was too lenient.

Honours

Personal life

Christiane Taubira at Festival America 2018, in Vincennes.

Taubira has been married twice.[35] She has four children with her second husband, Roland Delannon.[35][36][37] They are divorced.[35][37] Delannon is a separatist politician who founded the Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement; he was jailed for 18 months for planning to blow up an oil and gas facility in the 1980s.[36][37]

Books

  • (in French) L'Esclavage raconté à ma fille ("Slavery explained to my daughter"), Paris, Bibliophane, coll. « Les mots à coeur », 2002 (réimpr. 2006), 165 p. (ISBN 2-86970-064-4 et 2-86970-122-5).
  • (in French) Codes noirs : de l'esclavage aux abolitions, Paris, Dalloz, coll. « A savoir », 2006, 150 p. (ISBN 2-247-06857-X) (introduction).
  • (in French) Rendez-vous avec la République ("Meeting with the Republic"), Paris, La Découverte, coll. « Cahiers libres », 2006, 195 p. (ISBN 978-2-7071-5091-2).
  • (in French) Égalité pour les exclus : le politique face à l'histoire et à la mémoire coloniales, Paris, Temps Présent, 2009, 93 p. (ISBN 978-2-916842-01-1).
  • (in French) Mes météores : combats politiques au long cours, Paris, Flammarion, 2012, 551 p. (ISBN 978-2-08-127895-0).
  • (in French) Paroles de liberté ("Words of Freedom"), Paris, Flammarion, coll. " Café Voltaire ", 2014, 138 p. (ISBN 978-2-08-133688-9).
  • (in French) Murmures à la jeunesse, 2016.
  • (in French) Nous habitons la Terre, 2017, REY, 128 p. (ISBN 978-2848766119).
  • (in French) Nuit d'épine ("Thorny Night"), Paris, Plon, 2019, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2259278652).
  • (in French) Gran Balan, Paris, Plon, 2020, 480 p. (ISBN 978-2259305013).

References

  1. ↑ "France - French Justice Minister Christiane Taubira resigns". France 24. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  2. ↑ "'People's primary' backs Christiane Taubira as unity candidate of French left". the Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 30 January 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  3. ↑ "French left-wing candidate Taubira fails to qualify for presidential race". Reuters. 2 March 2022.
  4. ↑ Clea Calcutta (13 January 2022), The end of the French left Politico Europe.
  5. ↑ "Votre députée". Taubira web site (in French). 2011. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011.
  6. ↑ Faure, Sonya (13 June 2012). "La fusée Christiane". Libération (in French).
  7. ↑ "Christiane TAUBIRA-DELANNON". Your MEPs. European Parliament. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
  8. ↑ Tagliabue, John (3 April 2002). "France's First-Round Presidential Ballot Takes Shape". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
  9. ↑ Christiane Taubira-Delannon European Parliament.
  10. ↑ Martin Arnold (January 30, 2006), French to remember 'stain of slavery' Financial Times.
  11. ↑ Estelle Gross (6 July 2011), Primaire : qui soutient qui au PS ? L'Obs.
  12. 1 2 Aurelien Breeden (January 27, 2016), French Justice Minister Quits Over Plan to Strip Citizenship From Terrorists The New York Times.
  13. 1 2 "france 24 - French Justice Minister Christiane Taubira resigns after terror law row - France 24". France 24. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  14. ↑ "France - French minister wants land for slaves' descendants". France 24. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  15. ↑ "Unpopular French President Nicolas Sarkozy Desperately Woos Les Gais". Queerty.com. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  16. ↑ Mark John (March 12, 2014), French government on defensive over Sarkozy phone-taps Reuters.
  17. ↑ Pierre Briançon (January 27, 2016), Justice minister's resignation exposes Hollande on the left
  18. ↑ Brian Love (January 27, 2016), French justice minister resigns after uneasy term Reuters.
  19. ↑ Wieder, Thomas (31 January 2016). "Le réquisitoire de Christiane Taubira contre la déchéance de nationalité". Le Monde. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  20. ↑ "French voters urge ex-minister Taubira to join left-wing presidential primary". France 24. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  21. ↑ Arthur Nazaret (February 5, 2017), Avec les écolos et les communistes, Hamon cherche sa gauche plurielle Le Journal du Dimanche.
  22. ↑ Taubira appelle à voter Macron mais refuse de faire du «chantage» Le Parisien, May 2, 2017.
  23. ↑ "France's divided leftwing candidates called on to back 'people's primary'". the Guardian. 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  24. ↑ "Au QG de Christiane Taubira, soirée de liesse et rêves de rassemblement" (in French). 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  25. ↑ Dominique Vidalon (2 March 2022), French left-wing candidate Taubira fails to qualify for presidential race Reuters.
  26. ↑ "MFI HEBDO". www1.rfi.fr. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  27. ↑ Roubaix, Hervé. "Alors députée de Guyane, Christiane Taubira réclamait un renforcement de la lutte contre l'immigration clandestine". Dreuz.info (in French). Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  28. ↑ "Former French justice minister Taubira hails refugees at Avignon festival reading". RFI. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  29. ↑ Hélène Pillon, « Ces femmes politiques dans le viseur des racistes », sur lexpress.fr, 13 novembre 2013 (consulté le 10 août 2015).
  30. ↑ « Anne-Sophie Leclère, ex-candidate FN qui avait comparé Christiane Taubira à un singe, condamnée à une amende avec sursis » [archive], huffiningtonpost.fr, 28 septembre 2016 (consulté le 14 février 2017).
  31. ↑ https://dc.uwm.edu/arc_uwmevents/1/ Christiane Taubira – Honorary Doctorate in Laws and Human Rights : Discours d’acceptation] - website of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
  32. ↑ Granting the Decoration of the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle to thirty-one citizens of the French Republic - website of the Official Journal of the Federation (Mexico)
  33. ↑ Listes des docteurs honoris causa - website of the University of Geneva
  34. ↑ ULB’s honorary doctorates - website of the Université libre de Bruxelles
  35. 1 2 3 Giroudon, Baptiste (31 December 2013). "CHEZ LA MINISTRE DE LA JUSTICE, EN GUYANE: CHRISTIANE TAUBIRA, LA BLESSURE DERRIÈRE LE SOURIRE". Paris Match. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  36. 1 2 "Roland Delannon, la "blessure" de Christiane Taubira". Le Figaro. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  37. 1 2 3 "Christiane Taubira "mariée" à un "terroriste" : l'intox de Marine Le Pen". Metro News. 14 March 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
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