Tell al-Dhiba'i
Tell al-Dhiba'i is located in Iraq
Tell al-Dhiba'i
Shown within Iraq
Tell al-Dhiba'i is located in Near East
Tell al-Dhiba'i
Tell al-Dhiba'i (Near East)
LocationBaghdad Governorate, Iraq
RegionMesopotamia
Coordinates33°18′36″N 44°28′48″E / 33.31000°N 44.48000°E / 33.31000; 44.48000
Typearchaeological site, cluster
History
PeriodsIsin-Larsa period, Old Babylonian Empire

Tell al-Dhiba'i, also spelled Tell edh-Dhiba'i, is an archaeological site in Baghdad Governorate (Iraq). It lies within the borders of modern Baghdad near Tell Muhammad and 3 kilometers northeast of Shaduppum (Tell Harmal), more specifically in the neighborhood of New Baghdad.[1] Uzarzalulu has been proposed as the original name of the city.[2][3] An alternative proposal is Šadlaš.[4] The city was occupied mainly during the Isin-Larsa period and Old Babylonian period.[5]

Archaeology

The site consists of three mounds covering a rectangular area of about 45000 square meters and rising to 7 meters. The highest mound is to the north. The Directorate-General of Antiquities of Iraq conducted three seasons of excavations, led by Muhammed Ali Mustafa, in 1947, 1962, and 1965.[1][6] Before excavations began the site, being near Baghdad, had already been extensively dug by illegal workers in some areas in search of tablets and small finds. In the 1983-84 season the Iraqi State Organization for Antiquities and Heritage did some additional excavation on Old Babylonian houses there.[7]

History

Five occupation layers were found on the central mound, underlain by scattered Akkadian Empire and Ur III period remains. Level IV was marked by the remains large Kassite era foundations that cut into the lower level. The most significant level was Level V where roughly 100 cuneiform tablets and a temple (14.5 by 18.5 meters) of the god Lasimu (or Lassimu) were uncovered. The tablets were mainly administrative and loan contracts. Date formulas on tablets, including the death of Belakum, king of Eshnunna, show this level to date to the early period of the First Dynasty of Babylon. Most of the city rulers had Amorite names.[8] Cylinder seals were also recovered.[9] The northern and southern mounds had levels III, IV, and V with level III having a large building. The north mound produced a number of tablets and other finds. In total roughly 300 tablets were found at the site.[10][11][12] An important discovery was a copper-smith operation including most of its tools.[13][14] There are some Neo-Babylonian and Kassite graves at surface level of the site.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Mustafa, M.A., "Soundings at Tell al-Dhiba’i", Sumer, vol. 5, iss. 2, pp. 173–88, 1949
  2. ↑ Abdullah, A.K., "The paramount god and the old name of Al-Dhiba’i", Sumer, vol. 23, no. 1-2, pp. 189–92, 1967
  3. ↑ Matoušová , M., "Running Adad", Sumer, vol. 22, iss. 1-2, pp. 115-117, 1966
  4. ↑ Rashid, F., "The old name of Tell Al-Dhiba’i", Sumer, vol. 23, no. 1-2, pp. 177*-82*, 1967 [in Arabic]
  5. ↑ Al-Hashimi, R., "New light on the date of Harmal and Dhiba’i", Sumer, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 29–33, 1972
  6. ↑ Al-Gailani, L., "Tell Al-Dhiba’i", Sumer, vol. 21, iss. 1-2, pp. 33–40, 1965
  7. ↑ Hamoudi, K.K., Al-Khayaat, A.A. and Mihawish, N.G., "Excavations at Tell Al-Dhiba’i", Sumer, vol.46, pp. 91*–112*, 1989–90 [in Arabic; English translation in Supplement to Sumer 46 (1999): 20–27]
  8. ↑ Baqir, T., "Date formulae from Dhiba’i", Sumer, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 140–3, 1949
  9. ↑ Matoušová-Rajmova, M., "Some cylinder seals from Dhiba’i and Harmal", Sumer, vol. 31, no. 1-2, pp. 49–66, 1975
  10. ↑ Baqir, T., "Tell Dhiba’i: new mathematical texts", Sumer, vol. 18, iss. 1-2, pp. 11–14, 1962
  11. ↑ Khalid Salim Isma’el and Eleanor Robson, "Arithmetical tablets from Iraqi excavations in the Diyala.", YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, pp. 151-164, 2010
  12. ↑ Abdul Karim and Abdullah Ahmad, "Old Babylonian Loan Contracts in the Iraq Museum from Tell Al-Dhiba'i and Tell Harmal", University of Baghdad, 1964
  13. ↑ Davey, C. J., "The Metalworker's Tools from Tell Edh Dhiba'i.", Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, London University, vol. 20, pp. 169-185, 1983
  14. ↑ Davey, Christopher J. "Tell edh-Dhiba’i and the southern Near Eastern metalworking tradition." The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys (1988): 63-8
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