A side shoot of a white-skinned man holding a champagne bottle in his hand
English cricketer Stuart Broad took hat-tricks against India at Trent Bridge in 2011, and against Sri Lanka at Headingley in 2014.

In the sport of cricket, a hat-trick is an occasion where a bowler takes three wickets in consecutive deliveries, dismissing three different batsmen. As of June 2021, this feat has only been achieved 46 times in more than two thousand Test matches,[1] the form of the sport in which national representative teams compete in matches of up to five days' duration. The first Test hat-trick was recorded on 2 January 1879, in only the third Test match to take place, by the Australian pace bowler Fred Spofforth, nicknamed "The Demon Bowler",[2] who dismissed three English batsmen with consecutive deliveries at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The most recent hat-trick was taken by South Africa's spin bowler Keshav Maharaj against the West Indies in June 2021 at Daren Sammy Cricket Ground in Gros Islet, Saint Lucia.[3]

A player has taken two hat-tricks in the same Test match only once. Playing for Australia against South Africa in the first match of the 1912 Triangular Tournament at Old Trafford, Manchester, England, leg spinner Jimmy Matthews took a hat-trick in South Africa's first and second innings, both taken on 28 May 1912. He completed both hat-tricks by dismissing South Africa's Tommy Ward.[4] Only three other cricketers have taken more than one Test hat-trick: Australian off spinner Hugh Trumble (two years apart, between the same teams at the same ground), Pakistani fast bowler Wasim Akram (just over a week apart, in consecutive matches between the same teams) and English fast bowler Stuart Broad. Three players have taken a hat-trick on their Test debut: English medium pace bowler Maurice Allom in 1930, New Zealand off-spinner Peter Petherick in 1976, and Australian pace bowler Damien Fleming in 1994.[5] Alok Kapali took the fewest total Test wickets of any player who recorded a hat-trick, taking only six wickets in his entire Test career.[5] Australian Peter Siddle is the only bowler to take a hat-trick on his birthday,[6] and Bangladeshi off spinner Sohag Gazi is the only player to score a century and take a hat-trick in the same Test match.[7]

Sri Lankan seamer Nuwan Zoysa became the first player in the history to take a hat-trick off the first three balls of a Test match. He achieved this against Zimbabwe at Harare in November 1999, dismissing Trevor Gripper, Murray Goodwin and Neil Johnson.[8] Indian pacer Irfan Pathan is the second bowler to take a hat-trick in the first over of a Test match, against Pakistan in 2006.[9]

Australian Merv Hughes is the only bowler to take a hat-trick where the wickets fell over three overs. He took a wicket (Curtly Ambrose) with the final ball of an over. With the first ball of his next over he took the final wicket of the West Indies innings (Patrick Patterson). He then removed the opener Gordon Greenidge with the first ball of the West Indies second innings.[10] Even more unusually, Hughes's two first-innings wickets were not consecutive, since Tim May had bowled an over himself in between Hughes's two deliveries, and took the wicket of Gus Logie.[11]

Two other hat-tricks have taken place over two innings rather than one, both taken by West Indians against Australia—Courtney Walsh and Jermaine Lawson. Walsh's was unusual since, like Hughes's (which was in the very next Test in the series), other wickets fell between the beginning and end of the hat-trick. After dismissing Dodemaide to finish off Australia's first innings, Walsh did not open the bowling in the Australian second innings, and in fact did not bowl until Australia had already lost two wickets and were 65 for 2: then with his first two deliveries he dismissed Wood and Veletta. Lawson, meanwhile, removed tail-enders Lee and MacGill in successive deliveries before Australia declared their first innings (at 605–9), and then took the wicket of Langer with the first delivery of Australia's second innings.

In the five-match series between a Rest of the World XI and England in 1970, a hat-trick was taken by South African Eddie Barlow in the fourth match, at Headingley (the last three of four wickets in five balls).[12] These matches were considered to be Tests at the time, but that status was later removed.[13]

Test hat-tricks

Australian bowler Fred Spofforth took the first hat-trick in Test cricket on 2 January 1879, in only the third Test match.
Billy Bates was the first player to take a hat-trick for England, four years after Spofforth achieved the feat.
Hugh Trumble is one of only four players to take more than one Test hat-trick, achieving the feat in 1902 and 1904.
Courtney Walsh's hat-trick in 1988 was spread across two innings. In Australia's first innings he dismissed the last two batsmen with consecutive deliveries and then took a third wicket with the first ball of the second innings.
Wasim Akram took two hat-tricks over a span of nine days in 1999.
When Peter Siddle took a hat-trick for Australia in 2010, his final victim was Stuart Broad. Nine months later Broad himself would be the next man to take a Test match hat-trick.
Key
Symbol Meaning
Hat-trick taken in debut match
Bowler The name of the bowler
For The team for which the bowler was playing
Against The team against which the bowler was playing
Inn. The innings (first or second) in which the hat-trick was achieved
Test The number of the Test within the overall series between the two teams
Dismissals The three players dismissed by the bowler
Venue The venue where the hat-trick was achieved
Date The date on which the hat-trick was achieved
Ref. Reference
List of Test cricket hat-tricks
No. Bowler For Against Inn. Test Dismissals Venue Date Ref.
1 Fred Spofforth  Australia England 11/1 Australia MCG, Melbourne2 January 1879[14]
2 Billy Bates  England Australia 12/3 Australia MCG, Melbourne20 January 1883[15]
3 Johnny Briggs  England Australia 22/3 Australia Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney2 February 1892[16]
4 George Lohmann  England South Africa 21/3 South Africa St. George's Park, Port Elizabeth14 February 1896[17]
5 Jack Hearne  England Australia 23/5 England Headingley, Leeds30 June 1899[18]
6 Hugh Trumble  Australia England 22/5 Australia MCG, Melbourne4 January 1902[19]
7 Hugh Trumble  Australia England 25/5 Australia MCG, Melbourne8 March 1904[20]
8 Jimmy Matthews  Australia South Africa 11/3 England Old Trafford, Manchester28 May 1912[21]
9 Jimmy Matthews  Australia South Africa 21/3 England Old Trafford, Manchester28 May 1912[21]
10 Maurice Allom  England New Zealand 11/4 New Zealand Lancaster Park, Christchurch10 January 1930[22]
11 Tom Goddard  England South Africa 11/5 South Africa Old Wanderers, Johannesburg26 December 1938[23]
12 Peter Loader  England West Indies 14/5 England Headingley, Leeds25 July 1957[24]
13 Lindsay Kline  Australia South Africa 22/5 South Africa Newlands, Cape Town3 January 1958[25]
14 Wes Hall  West Indies Pakistan 13/3 Pakistan Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore29 March 1959[26]
15 Geoff Griffin  South Africa England 12/5 England Lord's, London24 June 1960[27]
16 Lance Gibbs  West Indies Australia 14/5 Australia Adelaide Oval, Adelaide30 January 1961[28]
17 Peter Petherick  New Zealand Pakistan 11/3 Pakistan Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore9 October 1976[29]
18 Courtney Walsh  West Indies Australia 1 & 21/5 Australia The Gabba, Brisbane18–20 November 1988[30]
19 Merv Hughes  Australia West Indies 1 & 22/5 Australia WACA, Perth3–4 December 1988[31]
20 Damien Fleming  Australia Pakistan 22/3 Pakistan Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi9 October 1994[32]
21 Shane Warne  Australia England 22/5 Australia MCG, Melbourne29 December 1994[33]
22 Dominic Cork  England West Indies 24/6 England Old Trafford, Manchester30 July 1995[34]
23 Darren Gough  England Australia 15/5 Australia Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney2 January 1999[35]
24 Wasim Akram  Pakistan Sri Lanka 13/4 Pakistan Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore6 March 1999[36]
25 Wasim Akram  Pakistan Sri Lanka 24/4 Bangladesh Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka14 March 1999[37]
26 Nuwan Zoysa  Sri Lanka Zimbabwe 12/3 Zimbabwe Harare Sports Club, Harare26 November 1999[38]
27 Abdul Razzaq  Pakistan Sri Lanka 12/3 Sri Lanka Galle International Stadium, Galle21 June 2000[39]
28 Glenn McGrath  Australia West Indies 12/5 Australia WACA, Perth1 December 2000[40]
29 Harbhajan Singh  India Australia 12/3 India Eden Gardens, Calcutta11 March 2001[41]
30 Mohammad Sami  Pakistan Sri Lanka 13/3 Pakistan Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore8 March 2002[42]
31 Jermaine Lawson  West Indies Australia 1 & 23/4 Barbados Kensington Oval, Bridgetown2–5 May 2003[43]
32 Alok Kapali  Bangladesh Pakistan 12/3 Pakistan Arbab Niaz Stadium, Peshawar29 August 2003[44]
33 Andy Blignaut  Zimbabwe Bangladesh 21/2 Zimbabwe Harare Sports Club, Harare22 February 2004[45]
34 Matthew Hoggard  England West Indies 23/4 Barbados Kensington Oval, Bridgetown3 April 2004[46]
35 James Franklin  New Zealand Bangladesh 11/2 Bangladesh Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka20 October 2004[47]
36 Irfan Pathan  India Pakistan 13/3 Pakistan National Stadium, Karachi29 January 2006[48]
37 Ryan Sidebottom  England New Zealand21/3 New Zealand Seddon Park, Hamilton8 March 2008[49]
38 Peter Siddle  Australia England11/5 Australia Brisbane Cricket Ground, Brisbane25 November 2010[50]
39 Stuart Broad  England India12/4 England Trent Bridge, Nottingham30 July 2011[51]
40 Sohag Gazi  Bangladesh New Zealand21/2 Bangladesh Zahur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium, Chittagong13 October 2013[52]
41 Stuart Broad  England Sri Lanka12/2 England Headingley, Leeds20 June 2014[53]
42 Rangana Herath  Sri Lanka Australia12/3 Sri Lanka Galle International Stadium, Galle5 August 2016[54]
43 Moeen Ali  England South Africa23/4 England The Oval, London31 July 2017[55]
44 Jasprit Bumrah  India West Indies12/2 Jamaica Sabina Park, Kingston31 August 2019[56]
45 Naseem Shah  Pakistan Bangladesh21/2 Pakistan Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi9 February 2020[57]
46 Keshav Maharaj  South Africa West Indies22/2 Saint Lucia Daren Sammy Cricket Ground, Gros Islet21 June 2021[58]

By team

England and Australia combined have taken over half of all Test match hat-tricks to date, 24 of 45 (53.33%).[5]

Test hat-tricks by team
Team Hat-tricks No. of
Players
 England 1413
 Australia 119
 Pakistan 54
 West Indies 44
 India 33
 Bangladesh 22
 New Zealand 22
 South Africa 22
 Sri Lanka 22
 Zimbabwe 11

By player

Players with multiple hat-tricks
PlayerHat-tricks
AustraliaHugh Trumble 2
AustraliaJimmy Matthews
PakistanWasim Akram
EnglandStuart Broad

By ground

Grounds involved in multiple Test Hat-tricks
GroundHat-tricks
Australia Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne 5
Pakistan Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore 3
England Headingley, Leeds
England Old Trafford, Manchester
Pakistan Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi 2
Bangladesh Bangabandhu Stadium, Dhaka
Australia The Gabba, Brisbane
Sri Lanka Galle International Stadium, Galle
Barbados Kensington Oval, Bridgetown
Zimbabwe Harare Sports Club, Harare
Australia Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney
Australia WACA Ground, Perth

See also

References


  1. ↑ McGhie, Tom (20 July 2011). "Landmark Test matches through the years as Lord's plays host to the 2,000th when England take on India". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  2. ↑ "The Demon strikes three times". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  3. ↑ "Keshav Maharaj takes SA's first Test hat-trick in more than 60 years as Proteas eye victory". News24. 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  4. ↑ "Triangular Tournament −1st match: Australia v South Africa Test Series – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 "Record / Test matches / Bowling record / Hat-tricks". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  6. ↑ McGlashan, Andrew (25 November 2010). "Siddle hat-trick gives Australia control". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  7. ↑ Islam, Mohammad (13 October 2013). "Gazi shines as Test ends in draw". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  8. ↑ "Zimbabwe v Sri Lanka 1999-2000". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  9. ↑ "Pakistan vs India 3rd Test 2006". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  10. ↑ Lynch, Steven (13 October 2013). "Three-act plays". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  11. ↑ "Result". ESPN Cric Info. ESPNcricinfo. 6 December 1988. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  12. ↑ "England v Rest Of The World, 1970 – 4th match". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  13. ↑ "July 2000 – The best of the best?". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  14. ↑ "England tour of Australia, 1878/79 – Only Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  15. ↑ "England (IFW Bligh's XI) tour of Australia, 1882/83: The Ashes – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  16. ↑ "England (Lord Sheffield's XI) tour of Australia, 1891/92: The Ashes – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  17. ↑ "England tour of South Africa, 1895/96 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  18. ↑ "Australia tour of England, 1899: The Ashes – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  19. ↑ "England tour of Australia, 1901/02: The Ashes – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  20. ↑ "England (Marylebone Cricket Club) tour of Australia, 1903/04: The Ashes – 5th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  21. 1 2 "Triangular Tournament, 1912: Australia v South Africa Test Series −1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  22. ↑ "England tour of New Zealand, 1929/30 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  23. ↑ "England tour of South Africa, 1938/39 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  24. ↑ "West Indies tour of England, 1957 – 4th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  25. ↑ "Australia tour of South Africa, 1957/58 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  26. ↑ "Full Scorecard of West Indies vs Pakistan 3rd Test 1958/59 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  27. ↑ "South Africa tour of England, 1960 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  28. ↑ "West Indies tour of Australia, 1960/61 – 4th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  29. ↑ "New Zealand tour of Pakistan, 1976/77 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  30. ↑ "West Indies tour of Australia, 1988/89: The Frank Worrell Trophy – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  31. ↑ "West Indies tour of Australia, 1988/89: The Frank Worrell Trophy – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  32. ↑ "Australia tour of Pakistan, 1994/95 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  33. ↑ "England tour of Australia, 1994/95: The Ashes – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  34. ↑ "West Indies tour of England, 1995: The Wisden Trophy – 4th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  35. ↑ "England tour of Australia, 1998/99: The Ashes – 5th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  36. ↑ "Asian Championship Test, 1998/99 – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  37. ↑ "Asian Championship Test, 1998/99 – Final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  38. ↑ "Sri Lanka tour of Zimbabwe, 1999/00 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  39. ↑ "Pakistan tour of Sri Lanka, 2000 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  40. ↑ "West Indies tour of Australia, 2000/01 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  41. ↑ "Australia tour of India, 2000/01 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  42. ↑ "Asian Championship Test, 2001/02 – Final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  43. ↑ "Australia tour of West Indies, 2003: The Frank Worrell Trophy – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  44. ↑ "Bangladesh tour of Pakistan, 2003 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  45. ↑ "Bangladesh tour of Zimbabwe, 2003/04 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  46. ↑ "England tour of West Indies, 2003/04: The Wisden Trophy – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  47. ↑ "New Zealand tour of Bangladesh, 2004/05 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  48. ↑ "India tour of Pakistan, 2005/06 – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  49. ↑ "England tour of New Zealand, 2007/08 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  50. ↑ "England tour of Australia, 2010/11: The Ashes – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  51. ↑ "India tour of England, 2011: Pataudi Trophy – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  52. ↑ "New Zealand tour of Bangladesh, 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  53. ↑ "Sri Lanka tour of England, 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  54. ↑ "Australia tour of Sri Lanka, 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  55. ↑ "Full Scorecard of England vs South Africa 3rd Test 2017 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  56. ↑ "Full Scorecard of India vs West Indies 2nd Test 2019-2021 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  57. ↑ "1st Test, ICC World Test Championship at Rawalpindi, Feb 7-11 2020". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  58. ↑ "2nd Test, Gros Islet, Jun 18 - 22 2021, South Africa tour of West Indies". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 June 2021.

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