"The Broken Tower" is the last poem meant to be published by poet Hart Crane in 1932. In keeping with the varieties and difficulties of Crane criticism, the poem has been interpreted widely—as death ode, life ode, process poem, visionary poem, poem on failed vision—but its biographical impetus out of Crane's first heterosexual affair (with Peggy Cowley, estranged wife of Malcolm Cowley) is generally undisputed. Written early in the year, the poem was rejected by Poetry, and only appeared in print (in The New Republic) after Crane's famous suicide by water (compare his great homosexual love-cycle "Voyages").

Further reading

  • Bloom, Harold (2003). Hart Crane: Comprehensive Research and Study Guide. Bloom's Major Poets. Chelsea House Pub. ISBN 978-0-7910-7390-2.
  • Crane, Joan St. C. (1983). "The Construction of Hart Crane's Last Poem, 'The Broken Tower'". Studies in Bibliography. Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia. 36: 232–240. ISSN 0081-7600.
  • Grossman, Allen (2009). "On Communicative Difficulty in General and 'Difficult' Poetry in Particular: The Example of Hart Crane's 'The Broken Tower'". True-Love: Essays on Poetry and Valuing. University Of Chicago Press. pp. 147–162. ISBN 978-0-226-30973-6.
  • Mariani, Paul (2000). "The Broken Tower". The Broken Tower: The Life of Hart Crane. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 399–421. ISBN 978-0-393-32041-1.


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