The Rooks Have Returned
ArtistAlexei Savrasov
Year1871
Dimensions62 cm × 48.5 cm (24 in × 19.1 in)
LocationTretyakov Gallery

The Rooks Have Returned[1] (Russian: Грачи прилетели) is a 1871 painting by Alexei Savrasov. It is kept in the State Tretyakov Gallery.[2] The painting is considered Savrasov's most famous work,[3][4] and its appearance is regarded as "an important stage in the development of Russian landscape painting."[5]

Savrasov began working on The Rooks in March 1871. The studies for the future painting were done by the artist during his trip to the Kostroma Governorate, when he was in the village of Molvitino (now the village of Susanino, Kostroma Oblast).[6][7][8] The prototype of the church depicted in the painting is the Church of the Resurrection, built in the late 17th century.[9] The place where the artist worked is confirmed by his inscription made in the lower left corner of the canvas: "1871. S. Molvitino. A. Savrasov."[2] Some researchers of Savrasov's work believe that the very first drawings and studies for the painting could have been performed by the artist in Yaroslavl or its environs, shortly before his trip to the Kostroma Governorate.[10][11] After returning from Molvitino, Savrasov worked on the painting in Yaroslavl[12] and then completed it in Moscow,[13] where he returned in early May. The painting was named by the artist The Rooks Have Returned. In the summer of 1871, the painting was purchased from Savrasov by Pavel Tretyakov.[14][15]

In the autumn of 1871, the painting was exhibited at the Moscow Society of Art Lovers,[16] and at the end of the same year, the painting, already under its current name (in the catalogue it was listed with an exclamation mark at the end of the name), was presented at the 1st exhibition of Peredvizhniki,[2] which opened on 28 November in St. Petersburg.[17][18] The Rooks received good reviews: artist Ivan Kramskoi wrote that this painting "is the best, and it is truly beautiful,"[19][20] and art critic Vladimir Stasov noted that it is "probably the best and most original painting by Savrasov."[21]

Painter Isaac Levitan considered The Rooks Have Returned to be one of Savrasov's best paintings. Noting the apparent unpretentiousness of the plot, he wrote that "behind this simplicity you feel the soft, good soul of the artist, to whom all this is dear and close to his heart".[22] Art critic Alexei Fedorov-Davydov called the painting an outstanding work of art and noted that "it has not only artistic, but also general cultural significance."[5][12] Critic and musicologist Boris Asafiev wrote that the painting became "a symbol of the artistic renewal of the sphere of the Russian landscape on "far ahead ", and that with this work Savrasov discovered "a new feeling of spring."[23]

References

  1. ↑ "Aleksey Kondratyevich Savrasov". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  2. 1 2 3 Брук, Яков; Иовлева, Лидия, eds. (2006). Государственная Третьяковская галерея: каталог собрания (in Russian). Moscow: Красная площадь. p. 281. ISBN 978-5-93221-148-9. OCLC 34340707.
  3. ↑ "Саврасов" [Savrasov]. Great Russian Encyclopedia (in Russian). 2015. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  4. ↑ Petinova, Elena (2001). Русские художники XVIII — начала XX века [Russian artists of the 18th - early 20th century] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Avrora (publisher, Russia). p. 198. ISBN 5-7300-0714-0. OCLC 49903127.
  5. 1 2 Fedorov-Davydov, Aleksei (1950). "Саврасов Алексей Кондратьевич. 1830 - 1897. Жизнь и творчество" [Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov] (in Russian). Moscow: Издательство Академии художеств СССР. p. 43.
  6. ↑ Petinova, Elena (2001). Русские художники XVIII — начала XX века [Russian artists of the 18th - early 20th century] (in Russian). Sankt-Peterburg: Avrora (publisher, Russia). p. 196. ISBN 5-7300-0714-0. OCLC 49903127.
  7. ↑ Новоуспенский, Николай (1967). Алексей Кондратьевич Саврасов [Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov] (in Russian). Moscow: Iskusstvo (publisher). p. 57.
  8. ↑ Petrov, Vladimir (1983). А. Саврасов. Из собрания Государственной Третьяковской галереи. Izobrazitelnoye iskusstvo. p. 20.
  9. ↑ Зонтиков, Николай (1999). "Символ России. О храме, изображённом на картине А. К. Саврасова "Грачи прилетели"" (PDF). pp. 12, 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-14.
  10. ↑ Malʹt︠s︡eva, F. S. (1999). Mastera russkogo peĭzazha 1870-e gody. Moskva: Iskusstvo. p. 17. ISBN 5-210-01407-X. OCLC 42603199.
  11. ↑ Petrov, V. A. (2000). Alekseĭ Savrasov. Alekseĭ Kondratʹevich Savrasov. Moskva: Belyĭ gorod. pp. 20–21. ISBN 5-7793-0221-9. OCLC 45762037.
  12. 1 2 Новоуспенский, Николай (1967). Алексей Кондратьевич Саврасов [Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov] (in Russian). Iskusstvo (publisher). p. 56.
  13. ↑ Petrov, V. A. (2000). Alekseĭ Savrasov. Alekseĭ Kondratʹevich Savrasov. Moskva: Belyĭ gorod. p. 22. ISBN 5-7793-0221-9. OCLC 45762037.
  14. ↑ Dobrovolʹskiĭ, Oleg (2001). Savrasov. Moskva: TERRA-Knizhnyĭ klub. p. 185. ISBN 5-300-02986-6. OCLC 47221497.
  15. ↑ Мальцева, Фаина (1977). Алексей Кондратьевич Саврасов. Жизнь и творчество [Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov. Life and art] (in Russian). Moscow: Iskusstvo (publisher). p. 299. OCLC 248877140.
  16. ↑ Новоуспенский, Николай (1967). Алексей Кондратьевич Саврасов [Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov] (in Russian). Iskusstvo (publisher). pp. 64–65.
  17. ↑ Гомберг-Вержбинская, Элеонора (1970). Передвижники [Peredvizhniki] (in Russian). Leningrad: Iskusstvo (publisher). pp. 3–5.
  18. ↑ Лапунова, Нина (1969). Алексей Кондратьевич Саврасов [Alexey Kondratievich Savrasov] (in Russian). Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR. p. 28.
  19. ↑ Коваленская, Татьяна, ed. (1988). Крамской об искусстве [Kramskoi about art] (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Izobrazitelnoye iskusstvo. p. 67. ISBN 5-85200-015-9. OCLC 20183564.
  20. ↑ Порудоминский, Владимир (1974). И. Н. Крамской [I. N. Kramskoi] (in Russian). Moscow: Iskusstvo (publisher). p. 73.
  21. ↑ Stasov, Vladimir (1950). Избранное: живопись, скульптура, графика [Favourites: painting, sculpture, graphics] (in Russian). Vol. 1. Moscow: Iskusstvo (publisher). p. 58.
  22. ↑ Levitan, Isaac (1956). Письма, документы, воспоминания [Letters, documents, memoirs] (in Russian). Moscow: Iskusstvo (publisher). p. 108.
  23. ↑ Asafyev, Boris (1955). Избранные труды [Selected works] (in Russian). Vol. 4. Moscow: Издательство Академии наук СССР. p. 80.
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