Prior to European settlement, the Caribbean was dominated by forested ecosystems. The insular Caribbean has been considered a biodiversity hotspot.[1] Although species diversity is lower than on mainland systems, endemism is high.
Species diversity is highest and endemism is lowest in Trinidad, which has a predominantly continental flora. Endemism is highest in Cuba and Hispaniola, the largest members of the Greater Antilles.
List of species
Native species
Acanthaceae
Anacardiaceae
Annonaceae
- Annona trinitensis [2]
- Duguetia
- Duguetia lucida
- Duguetia tobagensis[2]
- Rollinia
- Rollinia mucosa
- Rollinia exsucca[2]
Apocynaceae
Arecaceae
Araliaceae
- Aralia
- Dendropanax
- Dendropanax arboreus[5]
- Dendropanax blakeanus[6]
- Dendropanax cordifolius[7]
- Dendropanax cuneifolius[8]
- Dendropanax elongatus[9]
- Dendropanax filipes[10]
- Dendropanax grandiflorus[11]
- Dendropanax grandis[12]
- Dendropanax laurifolius[13]
- Dendropanax nervosus[14]
- Dendropanax nutans[15]
- Dendropanax oblanceatus[16]
- Dendropanax pendulus[17]
- Dendropanax portlandianus[18]
- Dendropanax selleanus[19]
- Dendropanax swartzii[20]
- Didymopanax
- Didymopanax morototoni[21] – Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Leeward Islands, and Trinidad. Introduced to Windward Islands
- Frodinia
- Frodinia gleasonii[22] – Puerto Rico
- Frodinia tremula[23] – Hispaniola
- Oreopanax
- Sciodaphyllum
- Sciodaphyllum attenuatum[27] – Leeward Islands and Windward Islands
- Sciodaphyllum glabratum[28] – Trinidad
- Sciodaphyllum brownei[29] – Jamaica
- Sciodaphyllum troyanum[30] – Jamaica
- Sciodaphyllum urbanianum[31] – Martinique
Bignoniaceae
- Catalpa longissima
- Crescentia
- Crescentia cujete (Calabash)
- Crescentia portoricensis
- Tabebuia
- Tecoma stans
Bombacaceae
- Ceiba pentandra (kapok tree)
- Ochroma pyramidale
Boraginaceae
- Bourreria succulenta
- Cordia
- Rochefortia acanthophora
Burseraceae
Buxaceae
- Buxus
- Buxus aneura
- Buxus brevipes
- Buxus crassifolia
- Buxus ekmanii
- Buxus excisa
- Buxus heterophylla
- Buxus imbricata
- Buxus muelleriana
- Buxus olivacea
- Buxus pilosula
- Buxus portoricensis
- Buxus rheedioides
- Buxus vahlii
Canellaceae
Cannabaceae
- Celtis trinervia - Hispaniola
Capparidaceae
- Capparis
- Capparis baducca
- Capparis cynophallophora
- Capparis flexuosa
- Capparis hastata
- Capparis indica
Celastraceae
- Cassine xylocarpa
- Gyminda latifolia
- Maytenus
- Schaefferia frutescens
Clusiaceae
- Calophyllum
- Calophyllum calaba
- Calophyllum lucidum
- Clusia
- Clusia aripoensis[2]
- Clusia intertexta[2]
- Clusia minor
- Clusia rosea
- Clusia tocuchensis[2]
- Mammea americana
Combretaceae
Cupressaceae
Cyrillaceae
Dilleniaceae
Elaeocarpaceae
Erythroxylaceae
- Erythroxylum
- Erythroxylum areolatum
- Erythroxylum brevipes
- Erythroxylum rotundifolium
- Erythroxylum urbanii
Euphorbiaceae
- Adelia rincinella
- Alchornea latifolia
- Bernardia dichotoma
- Fluggea acidoton
- Gymnanthes lucida
- Hura crepitans
- Jatropha hernandiifolia
- Picrodendron baccatum
- Savia sessiliflora
Fabaceae
- Andira inermis
- Caesalpinia coriaria
- Enterolobium cyclocarpum
- Hymenaea courbaril
- Inga
- Mora excelsa
- Ormosia krugii
- Pictetia aculeata
- Piscidia carthagenensis
- Pithecellobium unguis-cati
- Pterocarpus officinalis
Flacourtiaceae
- Samyda dodecandra
- Xylosoma buxifolia
Garryaceae
Hernandiaceae
- Hernandia sonora
Juglandaceae
Lecythidaceae
- Eschweilera subglandulosa
Malpighiaceae
- Byrsonima
- Byrsonima crassifolia
- Byrsonima spicata
Malvaceae
- Talipariti elatum (Blue Mahoe)
- Thespesia grandiflora
- Hildegardia cubensis
Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia
- Magnolia cristalensis [32]
- Magnolia cubensis [33]
- Magnolia dealbata [34]
- Magnolia domingensis [35]
- Magnolia ekmanii [36]
- Magnolia emarginata [37]
- Magnolia hamorii [38]
- Magnolia minor [39]
- Magnolia pallescens [40]
- Magnolia portoricensis [41]
- Magnolia splendens [42]
Meliaceae
- Carapa
- Cedrela odorata
- Guarea
- Swietenia mahagoni (West Indian Mahogany)
- Trichilia
- Trichilia hirta
- Trichilia triacantha
Moraceae
- Cecropia
- Cecropia peltata
- Cecropia schreberiana
- Ficus
- Maclura tinctoria
Myrtaceae
- Eugenia
- Eugenia axillaris
- Eugenia biflora
- Eugenia cruegeri[2]
- Eugenia foetida
- Eugenia lingustrina
- Eugenia monticola
- Eugenia procera
- Eugenia rhombea
- Eugenia woodburyana
- Eugenia xerophytica
- Myrciaria floribunda
- Psidium
- Psidium amplexicaule
- Psidium guajava (Guava)
Nyctaginaceae
- Guapira fragrans
- Neea buxifolia
- Pisonia
- Pisonia aculeata
- Pisonia albida
- Pisonia subcordata
Oleaceae
Pinaceae
Podocarpaceae
Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba
- Coccoloba diversifolia
- Coccoloba krugii
- Coccoloba microstachya
- Coccoloba swartzii
- Coccoloba uvifera (Sea grape)
Rhamnaceae
- Colubrina
- Colubrina arborescens
- Colubrina elliptica
- Reynosia
- Reynosia guama
- Reynosia uncinata
- Krugiodendron ferreum
- Ziziphus reticulata
Rhizophoraceae
Rosaceae
Rubiaceae
- Antirhea
- Antirhea acutata
- Antirhea lucida
- Erithalis fruticosa
- Exostema caribaeum
- Genipa americana
- Guettarda
- Guettarda elliptica
- Guettarda krugii
- Guettarda odorata
- Randia
- Rondelita inermis
Rutaceae
- Amyris
- Amyris balsamifera
- Amyris elemifera
- Zanthoxylum
- Zanthoxylum flavum
- Zanthoxylum martinicense
- Zanthoxylum monophyllum
- Zanthoxylum spinifex
- Zanthoxylum thomasianum
Sapindaceae
- Cupania americana
- Melicoccus bijugatus
- Thouinia striata
Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum
- Chrysophyllum argenteum[45]
- Chrysophyllum cainito[46]
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme[47]
- Chrysophyllum pauciflorum[48]
- Manilkara
- Micropholis
- Micropholis chrysophylloides
- Pouteria
- Pradosia
- Sideroxylon
- Sideroxylon obovatum
- Sideroxylon salicifolium
Sterculiaceae
Theophrastaceae
- Jacquinia
- Jacquinia armillaris
- Jacquinia berteroi
- Jacquinia umbellata
Verbenaceae
- Citharexylum fruticosa
- Petitia domingensis
Zamiaceae
Zygophyllaceae
- Guaiacum
- Guaiacum officinale (Lignum vitae)
- Guaiacum sanctum
Non-native species
Anacardiaceae
- Mango (Mangifera indica)
Arecaceae
- Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
Bignoniaceae
- Jacaranda (Jacaranda spp.)
Casuarinaceae
Combretaceae
- Indian almond (Terminalia catappa)
Fabaceae
- Samaan tree (Albizia saman)
- Flamboyant (Delonix regia)
- Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
Moraceae
- Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
- Ficus benjamina
Sapindaceae
- Ackee (Blighia sapida)
Sapotaceae
Verbenaceae
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- Teak (Tectona grandis)
References
- ↑ Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, and J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Van den Eynden, V. 2006. Review of endemic plants of Trinidad and Tobago.
- ↑ "Aralia excelsa". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Aralia rex". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax arboreus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax blakeanus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax cordifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax cuneifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax elongatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax filipes". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax grandiflorus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax grandis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax laurifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax nervosus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax nutans". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax oblanceatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax pendulus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax portlandianus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax selleanus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Dendropanax swartzii". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Didymopanax morototoni(Aubl.) Decne. & Planch". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ "Frodinia gleasonii (Britton & P.Wilson) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ "Frodinia tremula (Krug & Urb.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ "Oreopanax capitatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Oreopanax dussii". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Oreopanax ramosissimus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum attenuatum (Sw.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & M.M.Mora". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum glabratum (Kunth) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & M.M.Mora". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum brownei Spreng". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum troyanum Urb". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum urbanianum (Marchal ex Urb.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & M.M.Mora". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ Magnolia cristalensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia cubensis Magnolia cubensis subsp. cacuminicola Magnolia cubensis subsp. cubensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia dealbata WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia domingensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia ekmanii WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia emarginata WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia hamorii WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia minor WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia pallescens WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia portoricensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia splendens WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- 1 2 Berg, C.C. (2007). "Proposals for treating four species complexes in Ficus subgenus Urostigma section Americanae (Moraceae)". Blumea. 52 (2): 295–312. doi:10.3767/000651907x609034. S2CID 84505051.
- ↑ "Ficus maxima". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
- ↑ "Chrysophyllum argenteum". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Chrysophyllum cainito". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Chrysophyllum oliviforme". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Chrysophyllum pauciflorum". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara bidentata". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara excisa". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara gonavensis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara jaimiqui". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara mayarensis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara pleeana". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara sideroxylon". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara valenzuelana". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ↑ "Manilkara zapota". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
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