Turner Classic Movies
Turner Classic Movies logo
CountryUnited States
Broadcast areaNationwide
HeadquartersAtlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Programming
Language(s)English
(imported feature films are broadcast in their native languages, provided with English subtitling)
Picture format1080i HDTV
(downscaled to 480i letterboxed for the SDTV feed)
Ownership
OwnerWarner Bros. Discovery
ParentWarner Bros. Discovery Networks
History
LaunchedApril 14, 1994 (1994-04-14)
FounderTed Turner
Links
Websitewww.tcm.com
Availability
Streaming media
TCM.comWatch TCM (U.S. pay-TV subscribers only)
Hulu with Live TV, Sling TV, YouTube TV

Turner Classic Movies (TCM) is an American movie-oriented pay-TV network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. Launched in 1994, Turner Classic Movies is headquartered at Turner's Techwood broadcasting campus in the Midtown business district of Atlanta, Georgia.

The channel's programming consists mainly of classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment Co. film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. (covering films released before 1950), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986), and the North American distribution rights to films from RKO Radio Pictures. However, Turner Classic Movies also licenses films from other studios and occasionally shows more recent films.

The channel is available in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta (as Turner Classic Movies), Latin America, France, Greece, Cyprus, Spain, the Nordic countries, the Middle East, Africa (as TNT), and Asia-Pacific.

History

Origins

In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner acquired the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film studio for $1.5 billion. Concerns over Turner Entertainment's corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before.[1]

As part of the deal, Turner Entertainment Co. retained ownership of MGM's library of films released up to May 9, 1986. Turner Broadcasting System was split into two companies, Turner Broadcasting System and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and reincorporated as MGM/UA Communications Co.

The film library of Turner Entertainment Co. would serve as the base form of programming for Turner Classic Movies upon the network's launch. Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT along with colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon.

Launch and contributions (1994–1996)

Logo used from 2013 to 2021
In May 2009, host Robert Osborne and Charles Tabesh, senior vice president for programming, accepted Turner Classic Movies's Institutional Peabody Award "for a continuing, powerful commitment to a central concept—the place of film in social and cultural experience".[2]

Turner Classic Movies debuted on April 14, 1994, at 6 p.m. Eastern Time, with Ted Turner launching the channel at a ceremony in New York City's Times Square district.[3][4] The date and time were chosen for their historical significance as "the exact centennial anniversary of the first public movie showing in New York City". The first movie broadcast on TCM was the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, the same film that served as the debut broadcast of its sister channel TNT six years earlier on October 3, 1988.[5] At the time of its launch, Turner Classic Movies was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers.[6]

The network originally served as a competitor to AMC, which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to Turner Classic Movies, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format.

Time Warner ownership (1996–2018)

In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner which, besides placing Turner Classic Movies and Warner Bros. Entertainment under the same corporate umbrella, also gave Turner Classic Movies access to Warner Bros.' library of films released after 1950 (which itself includes other acquired entities such as the Lorimar, Saul Zaentz and National General Pictures libraries); incidentally, Turner Classic Movies had already been running select Warner Bros. film titles through a licensing agreement with the studio that was signed prior to the launch of the channel.[7]

In the early 2000s, AMC abandoned its commercial-free format, which led to Turner Classic Movies being the only movie-oriented basic cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption or content editing. By 2002, AMC had broadened its film content to feature colorized and more recent films.

TCM Movie Database (2006–2019)

Launched in 2006, Turner Classic Movies maintains its own comprehensive database of actors, actresses, and film crew (listing more than 1.25 million people, with 15,000 written biographies),[8] and motion picture titles (more than 130,000 titles), not limited to the film libraries that Turner Classic Movies owns, and it includes links by which a user can request that Turner Classic Movies schedule any title for viewing.[9][10][11][12] TCM Movie Database has lost some functionality.[13] The portal page is now unavailable, yet database entries are still available and function.[12][14][15][16] Richard B. Steiner was the creator, architect, and supervisor of TCM Movie Database.[17][18] By 2013, the Watch TCM app for iOS, Android, and Blackberry had some TCM Movie Database information.[19][20][21] Leonard Maltin's reviews appear in the TCM Movie Database.[22]

Corporate restructuring (2019–present)

On March 4, 2019, Time Warner's new owner AT&T (who renamed the company WarnerMedia) announced a planned reorganization to effectively dissolve the Turner Broadcasting System division, which involved Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Turner Classic Movies, and digital media company Otter Media being transferred directly under Warner Bros. Entertainment. Aside from Otter, which was transferred to WarnerMedia Entertainment on May 31, 2019 to oversee development of HBO Max, the newly transferred properties came under a newly formed division, Warner Bros. Global Kids, Young Adults and Classics.[23][24][25][26]

On September 1, 2021, Turner Classic Movies introduced a new logo and slogan, "Where Then Meets Now", in the network's first major rebranding since its launch. The rebranding was intended to give Turner Classic Movies a more modern and energetic presentation while continuing to emphasize its commitment to showcasing classic cinema; new branding elements include Technicolor-inspired color schemes, and a new stylized "C" in its wordmark, which resembles a camera lens and symbolizes themes of "curation", "context", "culture" and "connection".[27][28]

On June 20, 2023, multiple TCM executives (including executive vice president Pola Changnon, who had been with Turner for over 25 years) were released by the channel's current owner, Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), as part of layoffs affecting its U.S. Networks division.[29] The network was to be moved under the oversight of Cartoon Network head Michael Ouweleen, and it was reported that there were plans for more synergies and cross-promotion of TCM with the rest of the networks group.[30] The layoffs led to concerns over the future of the channel, with filmmakers Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and Paul Thomas Anderson holding a meeting with WBD CEO David Zaslav to discuss them. They later issued a joint statement, explaining that the channel has been a "precious resource of cinema, open 24 hours a day seven days a week", and had "always been a profitable endeavor".[31][32]

On June 23, 2023, WBD appointed Warner Bros. Pictures' CEOs Michael De Luca and Pamela Abdy as heads of the network, reporting to head of U.S. Networks Kathleen Finch.[33] The pair stated that "We have each spent time talking to Zaslav, separately and together, and it's clear that TCM and classic cinema are very important to him. Our primary aim is to ensure that TCM's programming is untouched and protected."[31] On June 28, it was announced that Scorsese, Spielberg, and Anderson would actively collaborate with De Luca and Abdy on the network's direction; a spokesperson stated that "TCM is not immune to the very real pressure on the entire linear ecosystem, but we have taken steps to ensure that we stay true to the mission of the network — bringing more titles to the air, driving content investment, and preserving and protecting the culture of cinema."[33]

Programming

Turner Classic Movies essentially operates as a commercial-free service, with breaks between films usually consisting of promos for its programming, advertising for the network's events and merchandising, and interstitial segments profiling classic film actors and actresses. In addition to this, extended breaks between features are filled with theatrically released movie trailers and classic short subjects – from series such as The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay, Pete Smith Specialties, and Robert Benchley – under the banner name TCM Extras (formerly One Reel Wonders). In 2007, some of the short films featured on Turner Classic Movies were made available for streaming on Turner Classic Movies's website. Partly to allow these interstitials, Turner Classic Movies schedules its feature films either at the top of the hour or at :15, :30 or :45 minutes past the hour, instead of in timeslots of varying five-minute increments.

Turner Classic Movies's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code. Because of this, Turner Classic Movies is formatted similarly to a premium channel with certain films – particularly those made from the 1960s onward – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on Turner Classic Movies, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system).

The network's programming season runs from March of one year until the following February of the next when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. As a result of its devoted format to classic feature films, viewers who are interested in tracing the career development of actresses such as Barbara Stanwyck or Greta Garbo or actors like Cary Grant or Humphrey Bogart have the unique opportunity to see most of the films that were made during their careers, from beginning to end. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio (widescreen or full screen) whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on Turner Classic Movies are letterboxed on the network's standard definition feed. Turner Classic Movies also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any home video release.

Occasionally, Turner Classic Movies shows restored versions of films, particularly old silent films with newly commissioned musical soundtracks. Turner Classic Movies is also a major backer of the Descriptive Video Service (created by Boston PBS member station WGBH-TV), with many of the films aired on the network offering visual description for the blind and visually impaired, which is accessible through the second audio program option through most television sets, or a cable or satellite receiver.

During the prime time hours, an ident for the "Watch TCM" app is shown after every movie.

Certain titles on Turner Classic Movies are not available to streaming services, due to restrictions through this service platform. During these scheduled times, the movie title is blocked from airing and a visual notice is provided to the viewer.

Now Playing

Turner Classic Movies formerly published Now Playing, a monthly program guide, originally available through a standalone subscription, which provided daily listings and descriptions for films scheduled to air on Turner Classic Movies in the coming month. The digest-size magazine highlighted a featured actor on the cover, and featured essays about the "guest programmer" as well as a movie-and-actor themed crossword puzzle. The May 2017 issue, following the death in March 2017 of host Robert Osborne, contained "Remembering Robert Osborne" by Ben Mankiewicz.[34]

Turner Classic Movies ceased print publication of Now Playing (which had been one of the few channel-specific program guides that remained in print circulation for most of the 2000s and 2010s) with the August 2017 issue, moving it to an electronic format available via email free of charge.[35]

Movie library

Turner Classic Movies's library of films spans several decades of cinema and includes thousands of film titles, including Warner Bros. Pictures. Besides broadcasting films owned or licensed by Warner Bros., Turner Classic Movies also licenses films from Universal Pictures, Paramount Pictures,[36] Walt Disney Studios (including film content from 20th Century Studios, Buena Vista Distribution[37] as well as most of the Selznick International Pictures library[38]), Sony Pictures Entertainment (primarily film content from Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures), StudioCanal, and Janus Films.

Turner Classic Movies includes movies in the public domain, mostly from the 1900s to 1920s. Although most movies shown are from the 1930s through the 1970s, the channel sometimes shows newer movies.

Hosted and special programming

Regular features

TCM prime time host Robert Osborne at the 73rd Annual Peabody Awards (May 2014)

Most feature movies shown during the prime time and early overnight hours (8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) were presented by film historian Robert Osborne (who had been with the network since its 1994 launch until 2016, except for a five-month medical leave from July to December 2011, when guest hosts presented each night's films),[39] Ben Mankiewicz presenting primetime films on Wednesday through Sunday evenings, Jacqueline Stewart presenting "Silent Sunday Nights" on Sundays, Tiffany Vasquez presented the films on Saturday afternoons from 2016 to 2018 when Dave Karger began presenting Saturday afternoons and the primetime films on Mondays, and Alicia Malone presenting the films on Sunday afternoons, the primetime films on Tuesdays and "TCM Imports" on Sundays. During the 31 Days of Oscar film festival in 2021, which aired from April 1 to May 1 to coincide with the 93rd Academy Awards – which were pushed back to April 25 due to the COVID-19 pandemic – Stewart and Muller alternated hosting duties on Wednesday nights, as the respective programming blocks they hosted in any other month, Silent Sunday Nights and Noir Alley, were pre-empted by the month-long Oscar showcase. A similar occurrence took place in August for the Summer Under the Stars festival.

Turner Classic Movies regularly airs a "Star of the Month" throughout the year in which most, if not all, feature films from a film star are shown during that night's schedule. August is the only month to not have a "Star of the Month" due to "Summer Under the Stars". The network also marks the occurrence of a film actor's birthday (either antemortem or posthumously) or recent death with day- or evening-long festivals showcasing several of that artist's best, earliest or least-known pictures; by effect, marathons scheduled in honor of an actor's passing (which are scheduled within a month after their death) pre-empt films originally scheduled to air on that date. Turner Classic Movies also features a monthly program block called the "TCM Guest Programmer", in which the host is joined by celebrity guests responsible for choosing that evening's films (examples of such programmers during 2012 include Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer);[40] an offshoot of this block featuring Turner Classic Movies employees aired during February 2011.

The Essentials, with various hosts since 2001, is a weekly film showcase airing on Saturday evenings at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time which spotlights a culturally significant movie and contains a special introduction and post-movie discussion.

One of the weekly blocks is "Noir Alley", featuring film noir movies. It broadcasts on Saturday evenings and repeats on Sunday mornings at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time and is hosted by Eddie Muller. The channel also broadcasts two movie blocks during the late evening hours each Sunday: "Silent Sunday Nights", which features silent films from the United States and abroad, usually in the latest restored version and often with new musical scores, and hosted by Jacqueline Stewart; and "TCM Imports" (which previously ran on Saturdays until the early 2000s), a weekly presentation of films originally released in foreign countries and hosted by Alicia Malone.

Seasonal blocks

Turner Classic Movies suspends its regular schedule twice each year for a special month of film marathons. 31 Days of Oscar is a programming block aired each Oscar season by the U.S. and Asian Turner Classic Movies cable networks during the month of the Academy Awards.[41] Each feature that TCM airs in this block can be either an Oscar winner or nominee.

Another is called "Summer Under the Stars", aired during August which features entire daily schedules devoted to the work of a particular actor, with movies and specials that pertain to the star of the day. In the summer of 2007, the channel debuted "Funday Night at the Movies", a block hosted by actor Tom Kenny (best known as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants). This summer block featured classic feature films (such as The Wizard of Oz, Sounder, Bringing Up Baby, Singin' in the Rain, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, The Adventures of Robin Hood, and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) aimed at introducing these movies to new generations of children, and their families.

Each February, Turner Classic Movies airs films and programs honoring Black History Month.

Other programming blocks

"Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series, The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin, and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader, starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous, and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections, such as Sherlock Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty, and The Man Who Knew Too Much.

In 2014, the channel debuted "Treasures from the Disney Vault", hosted by Leonard Maltin. This block showcased a compilation of vintage Disney feature films, cartoons, documentaries, episodes of Disney's anthology television series, and episodes of The Mickey Mouse Club. The last scheduled "Treasures from the Disney Vault" aired on September 2, 2019 due to the launch of Disney+ in November of that year.[42][43][44][45]

TCM Underground debuted in October 2006 as a Saturday late night block which focused on cult film. The block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006; as of 2014, it was the only regular film presentation block on the channel that did not have a host. TCM Underground was discontinued in February 2023 after its programmer, Millie De Chirico, was laid off from TCM.[46]

In March 2023, it was announced that TCM would air special programming in April to mark the centennial of Warner Bros., in conjunction with The Film Foundation and the TCM Classic Film Festival. This included special airings of newly-restored Warner Bros. films: Rio Bravo (introduced by Martin Scorsese), and East of Eden (introduced by Wes Anderson and Joanna Hogg).[47]

Documentaries

In addition to films, Turner Classic Movies also airs original content, mostly documentaries about classic movie personalities, the world of filmmaking and particularly notable films. An occasional month-long series, Race and Hollywood, showcases films by and about people of non-white races, featuring discussions of how these pictures influenced white people's image of said races, as well as how people of those races viewed themselves. Previous installments have included "Asian Images on Film" in 2008,[48] "Native American Images on Film" in 2010,[49] "Black Images on Film" in 2006[50] "Latino Images on Film" in 2009[51] and "Arab Images on Film" in 2011.[52] The network aired the film series Screened Out (which explored the history and depiction of homosexuality in film) in 2007 and Religion on Film (focusing on the role of religion in cinematic works) in 2005. In 2011, TCM debuted a new series entitled AFI's Master Class: The Art of Collaboration.[53][54]

TCM Remembers

Many films shown on Turner Classic Movies were made during the Golden Age of Hollywood, an era with few survivors. In December 1994, Turner Classic Movies debuted "TCM Remembers", a tribute to recently deceased film personalities (including actors, producers, composers, directors, writers, and cinematographers) which occasionally airs during promotional breaks between films. The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer end-of-year compilation. Following the recent death of an especially famous film personality (usually an actor or filmmaker), the segment will feature a montage of select shots of the deceased's work.

Every December, a more inclusive TCM Remembers interstitial is produced, featuring a selection of clips interspersed with scenes from settings such as an abandoned drive-in (2012) or a theatre which is closing down (2013). Since 2001, most of the soundtracks for these have been introspective melodies by indie artists such as Badly Drawn Boy (2007) or Steve Earle (2009).[55] 2015's song, "Quickly Now", was written especially for TCM Remembers by Chuck Moore and Reid Hall, and sung by Eryn McHugh.[56]

TCM Remembers soundtracks

YearArtistSong
2002Rickie Lee Jones"Cycles"
2003Sarah McLachlan"I Will Remember You"
2004Ryan Adams"Goodnight, Hollywood Blvd."
2005Joe Henry"Flesh and Blood"
2006Robinella"Press On"
2007Badly Drawn Boy"Promises"
2008Joe Henry"God Only Knows"
2009Steve Earle"To Live is To Fly"
2010Sophie Hunger"Headlights"
2011OK Sweetheart"Before You Go"
2012M83"Wait"
2013Sleeping at Last"In the Embers"
2014Kodaline"All I Want"
2015Eryn McHugh"Quickly Now"
2016Dan Auerbach"Goin' Home"
2017The Cardigans"Lead Me Into The Night"
2018Lord Huron"When the Night is Over"
2019Alice Boman"Waiting"
2020Prisca Strother & Tunewelders"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"
2021Reuben and the Dark & AG
(Originally by R.E.M.)		"Shiny Happy People"
2022Lord Huron"The Night We Met"[57]
2023AG and Christina Perri
(Originally by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)		"Learning to Fly"

Accolades

Robert Osborne, Mark Cousins and Charles Tabesh in 2014, with the Peabody Award that Turner Classic Movies received for its presentation of The Story of Film: An Odyssey

Turner Classic Movies received a 2008 Peabody Award for its dedication to film preservation and "a continuing, powerful commitment to a central concept—the place of film in social and cultural experience".[2]

Turner Classic Movies received a 2013 Peabody Award for its presentation of Mark Cousins' The Story of Film: An Odyssey, a 15-episode documentary about the development and advancement of the medium of motion pictures. Drawing on its exhaustive film library, Turner Classic Movies complemented each episode with short films and feature films from the familiar to the little-seen. The Peabody Award praised Turner Classic Movies's The Story of Film "for its inclusive, uniquely annotated survey of world cinema history".[58]

Streaming

Turner Classic Movies is associated with parent company Warner Bros. Discovery's Max streaming service. TCM has its own category on the service with select classic content.

Merchandising and events

TCM Vault Collection

The TCM Vault Collection consists of several different DVD collections of rare classic films that have been licensed, remastered and released by Turner Classic Movies (through corporate sister Warner Bros. Home Entertainment). These boxed set releases are of films by notable actors, directors or studios that were previously unreleased on DVD or VHS. The sets often include bonus discs including documentaries and shorts from the Turner Classic Movies library. The initial batch of DVDs are printed in limited quantities and subsequent batches are made-on-demand (MOD).

TCM Wine Club

In October 2015, Turner Classic Movies announced the launch of the TCM Wine Club, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3-month subscriptions and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, Turner Classic Movies also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.[59]

TCM Young Composers Film Competition

In 2000, Turner Classic Movies started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work subsequently premiering on the network. As of 2006, films that have been rescored include the 1921 Rudolph Valentino film Camille, two Lon Chaney films: 1921's The Ace of Hearts and 1928's Laugh, Clown, Laugh, and Greta Garbo's 1926 film The Temptress.

TCM Classic Film Festival

In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event—now held annually—at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. Initially hosted by Robert Osborne, the four-day long annual festival celebrates Hollywood and its movies and features celebrity appearances, special events, and screenings of around 50 classic movies including several newly restored by The Film Foundation, an organization devoted to preserving Hollywood's classic film legacy.[60] The festival was cancelled in 2020 and moved to a virtual setting in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[61]

International versions

Turner Classic Movies is available in many other countries around the world. In Canada, Turner Classic Movies began to be carried on Shaw Cable and satellite provider Shaw Direct in 2005. Rogers Cable started offering Turner Classic Movies in December 2006 as a free preview for subscribers of its digital cable tier, and was added to its analogue tier in February 2007. While the schedule for the Canadian feed is generally the same as that of the U.S. network, some films are replaced for broadcast in Canada due to rights issues and other reasons. Other versions of Turner Classic Movies are available in France, Greece, Canada, Spain, Middle East, Africa, Asia, Latin America, Nordic countries, the United Kingdom,[62] Ireland and Malta. The UK version operated two channels, including a defunct spinoff called Turner Classic Movies 2. TCM UK ceased operations on 6 July 2023.[63]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Fabrikant, Geraldine. "Turner to Sell MGM Assets." The New York Times. June 7, 1986.
  2. 1 2 "The Peabody Awards, Institutional Award: Turner Classic Movies (TCM)". Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia. Retrieved 2018-07-12.
  3. ↑ Mitchell, Kim; Rod Granger. "Turner launches TCM", Multichannel News, April 18, 1994. Retrieved February 28, 2011 from HighBeam Research.
  4. ↑ Lon Grahnke. "Classic Films Find New Cable Outlet In Turner Empire", Chicago Sun-Times, April 10, 1994. Retrieved February 28, 2011 from HighBeam Research.
  5. ↑ Gerard, Jeremy (1988-10-03). "TV Notes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  6. ↑ Brown, Rich. "Few tickets for Turner Classic Movies", Broadcasting & Cable, April 18, 1994. Retrieved February 28, 2011 from HighBeam Research.
  7. ↑ "Turner picks up Warner films", Broadcasting & Cable, December 6, 1993. Retrieved February 28, 2011 from HighBeam Research:
  8. ↑ McKenzie, Gina (March 7, 2006). "Turner Classic Movies to Kick Off Its New Interactive Movie Database, TCMdb, with the Ultimate Movie Lover's Sweepstakes Share Article New Database for Classic Movie Information Launched". Turner Classic Movies. Atlanta, Georgia: PRWeb. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  9. ↑ Stropoli, Rebecca (22 February 2006). "TCM To Launch Movie Database". Broadcasting & Cable. Future US. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  10. ↑ Harrison, Richard H. II. "Film and Digital Media: Filmographies". Research Guides. Orlando, FL: University of Central Florida. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  11. ↑ Panka-Bryman, Sheryl (March 21, 2022). "LibGuides: Film Research: Websites". Connelly Library. La Salle University. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  12. 1 2 "TCM Movie Database". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  13. ↑ Canote, Terence Towles (1 October 2020). "Turner Classic Movies' Website Revamp". A Shroud of Thoughts. Retrieved 10 April 2022. On the new version of the TCMDB entries for movies do not display when they are scheduled to air on TCM.
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ "Stepin Fetchit". tcm.com/tcmdb/person/. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  16. ↑ James, Emily St (19 October 2016). "The age of streaming is killing classic film. Can Turner Classic Movies be its salvation?". Vox. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  17. ↑ Steiner, Richard. "Movie Database". Portfolio Site. Retrieved 10 April 2022. As head of Turner Classic Movies's digital team, I envisioned, created and supervised the launch of countless digital products and services across multiple digital platforms while running teams both large and small building the most creative and engaging web, mobile, streaming, and connected device applications of any national network.
  18. ↑ Harnick, Chris. "TCM turns to mobile for brand definition, extension". Mobile Marketer. Marketing Dive. Retrieved 10 April 2022. 'The idea is to keep fans connected and engaged with Turner Classic Movies and to create a useful, meaningful companion to the network', said Richard Steiner, vice president of new media and TCM Digital, Atlanta
  19. ↑ Staff Writer (2013-11-11). "A Turner Classic Movies app promises live feeds, on-demand films". Akron Beacon Journal. Gannett. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  20. ↑ Dougherty, Lynn Powell (November 11, 2013). "TCM announces Watch TCM App: Stream Classic Movies". classicmoviefavorites.com. Retrieved 11 April 2022. To view their live stream and on-demand movies, users must log in with their TV provider user-name and password.
  21. ↑ weComm Ltd (12 September 2010). "weComm deliver multi-platform mobile application offering for Turner Classic Movies". RealWire. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  22. ↑ Emily (29 September 2015). "Leonard Maltin's 2015 Classic Movie Guide". The Vintage Cameo. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  23. ↑ Lauren Feiner (March 4, 2019). "WarnerMedia reorganizes its leadership team after AT&T acquisition". CNBC. NBCUniversal News Group. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  24. ↑ "AT&T to HBO, Turner: No More Fiefdoms". The Wall Street Journal. News Corp. March 1, 2019. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  25. ↑ Michael Schneider (March 12, 2019). "What the End of the Turner Brand Could Mean for Its Channels". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  26. ↑ Littleton, Cynthia (March 4, 2019). "Warner Bros. Wants to Rev Up Kid's Content With Looney Tunes, Hanna-Barbera". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on March 5, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  27. ↑ Itzkoff, Dave (2021-09-01). "Turner Classic Movies Is Changing. And Trying to Stay the Same". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-12-28. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  28. ↑ Cahillane, Mollie (September 2021). "TCM Sets Brand Refresh, Tagline to Reframe Its Focus on Film". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  29. ↑ Littleton, Cynthia (2023-06-20). "Warner Bros. Discovery Layoffs Hit Domestic Cable Group; TCM Sees Leadership Shuffle". Variety. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  30. ↑ Weprin, Alex (2023-06-20). "TCM Chief Pola Changnon to Exit Warner Bros. Discovery Amid Further Cuts in TV Division". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  31. 1 2 Grobar, Matt (2023-06-23). "Turner Classic Movies Now To Be Overseen By Warner Bros' Michael De Luca & Pamela Abdy". Deadline. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  32. ↑ Jackson, Angelique (2023-06-21). "Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese, Paul Thomas Anderson Meet With WBD Chief David Zaslav Following TCM Layoffs". Variety. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  33. 1 2 Hipes, Patrick (2023-06-28). "TCM Creative Structure Set: Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese & Paul Thomas Anderson Taking Active Role; Exec Charles Tabesh To Remain". Deadline. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  34. ↑ "Turner Classic Movies:NOW PLAYING: A Viewer's Guide to Turner Classic Movies". Palm Coast, Florida: Turner Classic Movies. May 2017. p. 46.
  35. ↑ Canote, Terence Towles (2017-04-22). "A Shroud of Thoughts: Turner Classic Movies To Cease Printing the Now Playing Guide". A Shroud of Thoughts. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  36. ↑ Brown, Rich. "Turner signs Paramount titles for $30M: new classic movie channel seeks additional packages to supplement MGM/RKO library", Broadcasting & Cable, August 16, 1993.
  37. ↑ Dempsey, John. "TCM lands passel of pix from Fox", Daily Variety, August 13, 2004.
  38. ↑ Elliot, Stuart (November 25, 2014). "Disney Pairs Up With Turner to Promote TCM and Great Movie Ride". The New York Times. Retrieved November 26, 2014.)
  39. ↑ Lumenick, Lou (July 11, 2011). "Robert Osborne taking leave from TCM". The New York Post. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012.
  40. ↑ Bibel, Sara (February 22, 2012). "TCM Announces Guest Programmers for 2012, Including Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer". Press release. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
  41. ↑ Lais, C. J. (February 1, 2019). "31 Days of Oscar begins ……… NOW!". Times Union. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  42. ↑ "Disney". TCM.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  43. ↑ "Treasures from The Disney Vault" (PDF). Turner Communications Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  44. ↑ "Disney Ride". TCM.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  45. ↑ McKenzie, Gina (26 November 2014). "Turner Classic Movies, Walt Disney World Resort and The Walt Disney Studios Team Up to Share Stories Centered on Classic Film" (PDF). Turner Communications Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  46. ↑ @TCMUnderground (February 22, 2023). "TCM Underground" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  47. ↑ Gilchrist, Todd (2023-03-22). "TCM Sets Warner Bros. 100th Anniversary Program Slate Including 10 Restored Classic Films". Variety. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  48. ↑ "Asian Images on Film Introduction". TCM website. Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  49. ↑ "Native American Images on Film Introduction". TCM website. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  50. ↑ "Race & Hollywood: Black Images on Film - TCM Special in May". TCM website. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  51. ↑ "Latino Images in Film -- (TCM Original) Latin, Non-Latin". TCM. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2019. Hispanic actors talk about casting
  52. ↑ "Reca & Hollywood: Arab Images on Film Tuesdays & Thursdays in July". TCM website. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  53. ↑ Hinckley, David (14 November 2011). "Steven Spielberg and John Williams tell stories by the score about 'Jaws' & 'E.T.' in 'AFI Master Class'". Daily News. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  54. ↑ Maçek, J.C. III (14 January 2013). "'AFI Master Class': Zemeckis and Burgess Break It Down". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  55. ↑ "TCM Remembers 2009". TCM Website. 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  56. ↑ 'Quickly Now' at Apple Podcasts, with songwriting credit information. An interview with Moore about the song was published by Turner Classic Movies December 29, 2015 on their tumblr blog.
  57. ↑ "TCM Remembers 2022" on YouTube (accessed 12/20/2022)
  58. ↑ "The Peabody Awards, The Story of Film: An Odyssey (TCM)". Grady College of Journalism and Mass Media, University of Georgia. Retrieved 2018-07-12.
  59. ↑ "About TCM Wine Club". Tcmwineclub.com.
  60. ↑ Lumenick, Lou (November 5, 2009). "New TCM Film Festival goes head-to-head with Tribeca". New York Post. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
  61. ↑ "TCM Classic Film Festival Postponed until 2022". October 2020.
  62. ↑ "Listings from TCM Movies". TCM Movies | Turner Entertainment. tcmuk.tv. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  63. ↑ Lincoln, Ross A. (June 24, 2023). "TCM's UK Channel to Be Shut Down in July". Retrieved July 4, 2023.
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