Typhoon Phanfone (Ursula)
Phanfone passing through the Philippines on Christmas Day
Meteorological history
FormedDecember 19, 2019
DissipatedDecember 29, 2019
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds165 km/h (105 mph)
Lowest pressure970 hPa (mbar); 28.64 inHg
Category 3-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds195 km/h (120 mph)
Lowest pressure958 hPa (mbar); 28.29 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities50 total
Missing55
Damage$67.2 million (2019 USD)
Areas affectedCaroline Islands, Philippines
IBTrACS
Part of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Phanfone, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ursula, was a strong and deadly tropical cyclone which traversed the Philippines on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day in 2019, the first typhoon to do so since Nock-ten in 2016.

Phanfone, which is a Laotian word for Animal. The twenty-ninth and final named storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, the origins of Phanfone can be traced to an upper-level low which had formed near the Caroline Islands and gradually organized into a tropical depression on December 19. Moving generally west-northwestward, the system intensified into a tropical storm on December 22 and moved into the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) on the following day as it continued gaining strength. Phanfone intensified to typhoon status shortly before making its first landfall over the Eastern Visayas region on Christmas Eve. Further intensification ensued until Christmas Day despite Phanfone making several landfalls over the central Philippine islands, peaking at 150 km/h (93 mph) 10-minute sustained winds with a central pressure dropping to 970 hPa (29 inHg). Phanfone maintained its typhoon strength for several hours as it exited the Philippines landmass before unfavorable conditions caused it to rapidly deteriorate and dissipate over the South China Sea.

Phanfone crossed the central Philippines after the stronger Kammuri struck nearly the same region merely weeks prior, with a track fairly similar to 2013’s Haiyan.[1] The system caused destruction in the regions of Eastern Visayas, Western Visayas, and Mimaropa. The total fatalities of the said typhoon is 50 deaths (with 55 people missing, and over 300 injured) and the damages is at $67.2 million (2019 US dollars) or roughly ₱3.44 billion.[2][3]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Prior to its formation on December 19, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a low pressure system to the southeast of Micronesia. Showing signs of convection and sufficient banding around a defined center, the JTWC subsequently upgraded its initial warning to a medium chance of development. Shortly thereafter on December 20, JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert, while the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued its first advisory on the system. By December 22, the system gained tropical storm strength[4] and JMA issued the named Phanfone. Moving generally west-northwestward, Phanfone moved into the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) at 5:00 am PHT December 23 and the Philippine weather bureau PAGASA locally named the system as Ursula.[5][6] Owing to favorable conditions, Phanfone intensified further into a severe tropical storm hours later. By afternoon of December 24, Phanfone gained typhoon strength[4] shortly before making its first three landfalls over Salcedo, Eastern Samar (4:45 pm PHT),[7] Tacloban City (7:30 pm PHT),[8] and Cabucgayan, Biliran (9:15 pm PHT).[8] Further intensification ensued until December 25, with Phanfone peaking at 00:00 UTC with 150 km/h (93 mph) 10-minute sustained winds and a central pressure dropping to 970 hPa;[9][4] the JTWC reported that Phanfone peaked at 175 km (109 mi)nute sustained winds, equivalent to a Category 2 typhoon.[10] Phanfone continued its west-northwestward track and, by afternoon of the same day, PAGASA had reported four additional landfalls: Gigantes Islands (2:30 am PHT), Ibajay, Aklan (8:40 am PHT), Semirara Island (1:00 pm PHT), and Bulalacao, Oriental Mindoro (3:00 pm PHT).[11]

By December 26, Phanfone had already exited the Philippine landmass, moving northwest over the South China Sea. After holding strength for several hours, the system began losing strength due to unfavorable sea surface temperatures, medium wind shear and dry air intrusion. On December 27, Phanfone dropped to tropical storm status while rapidly deteriorating and slowly moving.[12][13] On December 28, PAGASA issued its final warning as the system exited the PAR;[14] later, JMA issued their final advisories as Phanfone weakened below warning threshold.

Preparations and impact

Highest Public Storm Warning Signal

PSWS# Luzon Visayas Mindanao
3 Masbate, Ticao Island Northern Samar, Samar, Eastern Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Extreme Northern Cebu, Camotes Island None
2 Southern Portion of Quezon, Marinduque, Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro, Lubang Island, Romblon, Albay, Sorsogon, Burias Island, Calamian Island, Cuyo Island Central Portion of Northern Cebu, Northeastern Iloilo, Northern Antique, Capiz, Aklan, Southern Leyte, Northern Negros Occidental Dinagat Islands
1 Metro Manila, Bulacan, Bataan, Rizal, Cavite, Rest of Quezon, Laguna, Batangas, Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, Catanduanes, Northern Palawan Rest of Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Rest of Antique, Rest of Iloilo, Guimaras, Negros Oriental, Rest of Negros Occidental Surigao del Norte, Siargao Islands, Bucas Grande Islands

Visayas

The PAGASA issued a signal 3 warning to Northern Samar, Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Biliran and the Camotes Islands, meaning that 65–92 kn (75–106 mph; 120–170 km/h) winds were expected. The PAGASA also issued a signal 2 warning to the Visayas, meaning that 33–65 kn (38–75 mph; 61–120 km/h) winds were to be expected within 24 hours. It was issued to the central portion of northern Cebu, northeastern Iloilo, northern Antique, Capiz, Aklan, Southern Leyte, and Negros Occidental, which meant that Phanfone was taking a similar path to the areas hit by the much stronger Typhoon Haiyan. The Visayas was the worst hit, with Iloilo City having 13 casualties alone that had been either struck by fallen trees, electrocuted or drowned. Roxas, Tacloban and Maasin all received 140 mm (5.5 in) of rain. The extent of damage in the Philippines was quite far, with the Boracay Airport being heavily damaged as many people were stranded in the airport as the typhoon struck. A disaster response officer also reported that power outages and damage in the town of Batad in Iloilo Province made it appear as a “ghost town”. Severe flooding caused devastating damage in the many provinces and islands of Visayas as rain spread across the region, with many houses and vehicles being partially to completely submerged.[15] Multiple houses were crumpled and trees were downed, as well as power lines being downed. All of these obstacles blocked off roads and made roads dangerous to walk on; and the excessive amounts of rainfall made ground, especially higher ground, very unstable. The province of Leyte was placed under a state of calamity following the damage of the typhoon, with livestock, crops and infrastructure being damaged in excess of $1 million USD.[16] Most of the casualties are estimated to have taken place at Iloilo, as the village was badly hit with severe and swift-moving flash floods. Tacloban was hit as fires broke out and winds allowed them to spread but it the 220,000 inhabitants escaped the worst of the system.[17] 147 cities were affected by power outages but by Friday, December 27, 31 of those 147 had their power restored.

Typhoon Phanfone during a solar eclipse on December 26.

Eastern Samar

Because of the upcoming Christmas celebrations, 16,000 passengers who had holiday plans in their respective provinces with their families, were stranded in port for their safety due to the threat of the typhoon.[18] Upon making landfall near Salcedo in Eastern Samar around 4:45 PM, it was reported that the typhoon was causing major flooding and mudslides in the region.[10] As the storm quickly and unexpectedly intensified, over 58,000 people were evacuated in advance of the typhoon.[19] Five fishermen were reported missing and a 70-year-old man died after his house was swept away and as a result, he drowned.[20] Around 2,351 people have been affected by the typhoon and 1,654 were taking refuge in evacuation centers. The World Food Programme issued advisories and infographics plotting the projected path of Phanfone, as well as evacuation and relief centers. As of December 27, 2019, there are at least 28 confirmed fatalities according to the Philippines Disaster Agency, including a 13-year-old boy who was electrocuted.[21]

Luzon

A signal 2 warning was also issued to Luzon, with the southern portion of Quezon, Marinduque, Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island, Romblon, Albay, Sorsogon, Burias Island, Calamian and Cuyo Islands all forecast to be in the path of Phanfone. A signal 1 warning was issued to Bulacan, Bataan, Metro Manila, Rizal, rest of Quezon, Laguna, Batangas, Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, Catanduanes and northern Palawan. The island's governor ordered local government units to conduct a forced evacuation plan, prompting civilians near flood-prone areas and areas with the potential to be affected by landslides, to relocate temporarily as a safety precaution. Local representatives visited residents in Libon, Maninila and Tandarora to advise them to evacuate and temporarily celebrate Christmas in evacuation centers for their safety. Many public schools were open in order to serve as shelters for residents while the provincial government distributed food packs to the evacuees. In Naval, the local government unit deployed evacuation tents for evacuees on Monday, December 23 with some tents reserved for senior citizens, pregnant women and people with disabilities. Personnel of the Romblon Provincial Mobile Force Company were deployed and conducted an inventory of Search and Rescue (SAR) equipment on December 23 in preparation for the typhoon.[22] San Jose experienced 217 mm (8.5 in) of rain in just under 24 hours. Upwards of 58,000 people were evacuated from Luzon and its surrounding islands as the system brought torrential rain and severe flash flooding ensued as a result of the rains. One family was swept away whilst trying to reach higher ground. Water and power services were completely cut off, and restoration was estimated to take weeks.[17]

Retirement

Due to extensive damage done by Typhoon Phanfone in Visayas, PAGASA announced that the name Ursula will be removed from the rotating lists and it will never be used again as a typhoon name within the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). It will be replaced with Ugong for the 2023 season.[23][24]

The name Phanfone was also retired during the 52nd annual session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in February 2020, and was eventually replaced by Nokaen in February 2021.[25]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Flash Update No. 02 – Tropical Cyclone Phanfone, Philippines – 25 December 2019 - Philippines". Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
  2. ↑ "'Ursula' damage hits ₱3 billion". Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  3. ↑ Punongbayan, Michael (December 30, 2019). "'Ursula' death toll climbs to 50". PhilStar.com. Philippine. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 "Typhoon 201929 (PHANFONE) - Detailed Wind Information". Digital Typhoon. National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Tropical Storm Phanfone enters the PAR". Twitter. PAGASA. December 23, 2019. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019.
  6. ↑ "Severe Weather Bulletin #1 for Tropical Storm "Ursula" (Phanfone)". Facebook. PAGASA. December 23, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  7. ↑ "Severe Weather Bulletin #11 for Typhoon "Ursula" (Phanfone)". Facebook. PAGASA. December 24, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  8. 1 2 "Severe Weather Bulletin #13 for Typhoon "Ursula" (Phanfone)". Facebook. PAGASA. December 24, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Typhoon 201929 (PHANFONE) - Detailed Track Information". Digital Typhoon. National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  10. 1 2 "Typhoon Phanfone (Ursula) Raking Through the Central Philippines Over Christmas". December 24, 2019. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  11. ↑ "Severe Weather Bulletin #19 for Typhoon "Ursula" (Phanfone)". Facebook. PAGASA. December 25, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  12. ↑ "NASA satellite tracks tropical storm Phanfone into the South China Sea". Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
  13. ↑ "Phanfone 2019 – Hurricane and Typhoon Updates". Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
  14. ↑ "Severe Weather Bulletin #30 (Final) for Tropical Storm "Ursula" (Phanfone)". Facebook. PAGASA. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  15. ↑ "20 Dead After Christmas Storm Batters Central Philippines". Time. December 26, 2019. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  16. ↑ "Typhoon Phanfone: At least 16 killed in Philippines on Christmas Day". The Guardian. December 26, 2019. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  17. 1 2 "Typhoon Phanfone: Philippines counts cost of deadly storm". BBC News. December 26, 2019. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  18. ↑ "16,000 passengers was stranded on the ports due to Typhoon Ursula (in Filipino)". ABS-CBN News. December 24, 2019. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019.
  19. ↑ "Typhoon Phanfone: Philippines count cost of deadly storm". BBC News. December 26, 2019. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  20. ↑ "Deadly Christmas Day typhoon hits the Philippines". December 26, 2019. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  21. ↑ "Typhoon Phanfone: Philippine death toll rises to 28". BBC News. December 27, 2019. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  22. ↑ "Archived copy". Rappler. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ↑ Punongbayan, Michael (December 30, 2019). "Ursula death toll soars to 41". The Philippine Star. Philstar. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  24. ↑ "Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". PAGASA.
  25. ↑ "Replacement Names of FAXAI, HAGIBIS, KAMMURI, LEKIMA, PHANFONE, and YUTU in the Tropical Cyclone Name List" (PDF). Typhoon Committee. February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
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