In the late 1930s the US Army began setting requirements for custom built tactical trucks, winning designs would be built in quantity. As demand increased during WWII some standardized designs were built by other manufactures.

Most trucks had gasoline (G) engines until the early 1960s, when multifuel (M) and diesel (D) engines were introduced. Since then diesel fuel has increasingly been used, the last gasoline engine vehicles were built in 1985.

Most engines have been water-cooled with inline (I) cylinders, but V types (V) and opposed (O) engines have also been used. Three air-cooled engines were used in two very light trucks. Gasoline engines up to WWII were often valve in block design (L-head), during the war more overhead valve (ohv) engines were used, and after the war all new engines (except 1 F-head and 1 Overhead camshaft (ohc)) have been ohv. All diesel engines have ohv, they can be naturally aspired, supercharged (SC), or turbocharged (TC).

The same engines have been used in different trucks, and larger trucks often have had different engines during their service life. Because of application and evolution, the same engine often has different power ratings. Ratings are in SAE gross horsepower.

The front of an engine is the fan end, the rear is the flywheel end, right and left are as viewed from the rear, regardless of how the engine is mounted in the vehicle. Engines in the tables are water-cooled and naturally aspirated unless noted.

AM General/Kaiser Jeep/Willys

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
AO-42[lower-alpha 1]53 cu in (0.9 L)GAC O416 hp (12 kW) @3200rpm30 lbf⋅ft (41 N⋅m) @2100rpmM274 12-ton 4x4 "Mule"
AV-108-4108 cu in (1.8 L)GAC V454 hp (40 kW)
@3600rpm
90 lbf⋅ft (122 N⋅m) @2500rpmM422 14 4x4 "Mity Mite"
MB134 cu in (2.2 L)GI454 hp (40 kW) @4000rpm105 lbf⋅ft (142 N⋅m)Willys MB/Ford GPW 14-ton 4x4 "Jeep"
MD134 cu in (2.2 L)GI472 hp (54 kW) @4000rpm114 lbf⋅ft (155 N⋅m) @2000rpmM38A114-ton 4x4
Tornado230 cu in (3.8 L)GI6132 hp (98 kW)
@4000
198 lbf⋅ft (268 N⋅m)
@2000rpm
M715 1+14-ton 4x4

Caterpillar

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
3116[1]403 cu in (6.6 L)DTC I6225 hp (168 kW)430 lbf⋅ft (583 N⋅m) @1550rpmM35A3 2+12-ton 6x6, Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
C7439 cu in (7.2 L)DTC I6330 hp (246 kW) @2400rpm860 lbf⋅ft (1,166 N⋅m) @1400rpmFamily of Medium Tactical Vehicles
C15928 cu in (15.2 L)DTC I6515 hp (384 kW) @1800rpm1,650 lbf⋅ft (2,237 N⋅m)
@1200rpm
M977 (HEMTT), M1074/M1075 (PLS)
C181,106 cu in (18.1 L)DTC I6700 hp (522 kW) @1300rpm1,900 lbf⋅ft (2,576 N⋅m) @1400M1070A1 (HET)

ChevroletGMC

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
6.2L/6.5L[2]400 cu in (6.6 L)DV8160 hp (119 kW) @3400rpm240 lbf⋅ft (325 N⋅m) @2000rpmM1008 1+14-ton 4x4 (CUCV), M998 1+14-ton 4x4 (HMMWV)
270270 cu in (4.4 L)GI691 hp (68 kW) @2750rpm216 lbf⋅ft (293 N⋅m) @1400rpmGMC CCKW 212-ton 6x6, DUKW 212-ton 6x6 amphibian
302302 cu in (4.9 L)GI6130 hp (97 kW) @3200rpm262 lbf⋅ft (355 N⋅m) @1200rpmM135 212-ton 6x6
BV-1001235 cu in (3.9 L)GI683 hp (62 kW) @3100rpm184 lbf⋅ft (249 N⋅m) @1000rpmChev. G506 1+12-ton 4x4

Continental

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
AO42[lower-alpha 1]42 cu in (0.7 L)GAC O213 hp (10 kW) @3000rpm26 lbf⋅ft (35 N⋅m) @2300rpmM274 12-ton 4x4 "Mule"
L-142[lower-alpha 2][3]1,412 cu in (23.1 L)GI465 hp (48 kW) @4000rpm128 lbf⋅ft (174 N⋅m) @1800rpmM15114-ton 4x4
LDT465[lower-alpha 2][4]478 cu in (7.8 L)MTC I6130 hp (97 kW)305 lbf⋅ft (414 N⋅m)M35 212-ton 6x6, M54 5-ton 6x6, M656 5-ton 8x8
R22501 cu in (8.2 L)GI6145 hp (108 kW)
@2400rpm
372 lbf⋅ft (504 N⋅m)
@1200rpm
M1 10-ton 6x6 Wrecker
R6602602 cu in (9.9 L)GI6224 hp (167 kW)
@2800rpm
504 lbf⋅ft (683 N⋅m)
@1200rpm
M54 5-ton 6x6

Cummins

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
6CTA8.3[5]504 cu in (8.3 L)DTC I6240 hp (179 kW) @2100rpm745 lbf⋅ft (1,010 N⋅m) @1500rpmM939 5-ton 6x6
NH250[6]855 cu in (14.0 L)DI6240 hp (179 kW) @2100rpm685 lbf⋅ft (929 N⋅m) @1500rpmM809 5-ton 6x6), M939 5-ton 6x6
NTC400[7]855 cu in (14.0 L)DTC I6400 hp (298 kW) @2100rpm1,150 lbf⋅ft (1,559 N⋅m) @1500rpmM915 series 6x4, 6x6, 8x6
V8-300[8]785 cu in (12.9 L)DV8300 hp (224 kW)
@3000rpm
580 lbf⋅ft (786 N⋅m)
@2100rpm
M123/125 10-ton 6x6

Detroit Diesel

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
3-53159 cu in (2.6 L)DSC I3103 hp (77 kW) @2800rpm217 lbf⋅ft (294 N⋅m) @1500rpmM561 1+12-ton 6x6 "Gamma-goat"
Series 60775 cu in (12.7 L)DTC I6400 hp (298 kW) @2100rpm1,400 lbf⋅ft (1,898 N⋅m) @1200rpmM915 series 6x4, 6x6, 8x6
8V92TA[9]736 cu in (12.1 L)DTC V8450 hp (336 kW)1,330 lbf⋅ft (1,803 N⋅m) @1200rpmM911(C-HET) M977(HEMTT), M1070(HET)
12V71852 cu in (14.0 L)DSC V12600 hp (447 kW) @2500rpm1,470 lbf⋅ft (1,993 N⋅m) @16000rpmM746 22+12-ton 8x8 (HET)

Dodge-Fargo

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
T-202201 cu in (3.3 L)GI679 hp (59 kW) @3000rpmVC 12-ton 4x4
T-214-245230 cu in (3.8 L)GI692 hp (69 kW)
@3200
180 lbf⋅ft (244 N⋅m)
@1200rpm
Dodge WC 34-ton 4x4, M37 34-ton 4x4
318[10]318 cu in (5.2 L)GV8150 hp (112 kW) @4000rpm230 lbf⋅ft (312 N⋅m) @2400rpmM880 1+14-ton 4x4 (CUCV)

Ford

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
GTB226 cu in (3.7 L)GI690 hp (67 kW) @3000rpm180 lbf⋅ft (244 N⋅m) @1200rpm1+12-ton 4x4

Hall-Scott

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
4401,090 cu in (17.9 L)GI6240 hp (179 kW) @2000rpm810 lbf⋅ft (1,098 N⋅m) @1200rpmM25 Tank Transporter

Hercules

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
DFXE895 cu in (14.7 L)DI6185 hp (138 kW) @1600rpm665 lbf⋅ft (902 N⋅m) @1200rpmM19 Tank Transporter
HXDdisp855 cu in (14.0 L)GI6202 hp (151 kW) @2150rpm642 lbf⋅ft (870 N⋅m) @900rpm6-ton 6x6)
JXD320 cu in (5.2 L)GI687 hp (65 kW) @2400rpm228 lbf⋅ft (309 N⋅m) @1200rpmUS6 212-ton 6x6
L-142[lower-alpha 2][3]1,412 cu in (23.1 L)GI465 hp (48 kW) @4000rpm128 lbf⋅ft (174 N⋅m) @1800rpmM15114-ton 4x4
LDT465[lower-alpha 2][4]478 cu in (7.8 L)MTC I6130 hp (97 kW)305 lbf⋅ft (414 N⋅m)M35 212-ton 6x6, M54 5-ton 6x6, M656 5-ton 8x8
RXC529 cu in (8.7 L)GI6131 hp (98 kW) @2200369 lbf⋅ft (500 N⋅m) @1000rpmDiamond T 4-ton 6x6, Autocar U8144T 5-/6-ton 4x4

International Harvester

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
GRD-214214 cu in (3.5 L)GI685 hp (63 kW) @3400rpm160 lbf⋅ft (217 N⋅m) @1200IHC M-1-4 12-ton 4x4
GRD-233233 cu in (3.8 L)GI693 hp (69 kW) @3400181 lbf⋅ft (245 N⋅m) @800IHC M-1-4 12-ton 4x4, IHC M-5-6 1+12-ton 6x6

LeRoi

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
T-H844844 cu in (13.8 L)GV8297 hp (221 kW) @2600rpm725 lbf⋅ft (983 N⋅m) @1700rpmM123/25 10-ton 6x6

Mack

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed
EN532532 cu in (8.7 L)GI6136 hp (101 kW) @2400rpmMack NJU 5-ton 6x6
EY707 cu in (11.6 L)GI6159 hp (119 kW) @2100rpm530 lbf⋅ft (719 N⋅m) @800rpmMack NM-6 6-ton 6x6, Mack NO 7+12-ton 6x6
ENDT673672 cu in (11.0 L)DTC I6211 hp (157 kW) @2100rpm610 lbf⋅ft (827 N⋅m)M54 5-ton 6x6)

REO

ModelDisplacementFuelTypePowerTorqueUsed in
OA-331331 cu in (5.4 L)GI6146 hp (109 kW) @3400rpm330 lbf⋅ft (447 N⋅m)M35 212-ton 6x6

Notes

  1. 1 2 Army Ordinance design built by AM General and Continental
  2. 1 2 3 4 Army Ordnance design built by Continental and Hercules/White.

References

  1. TM 9-2320-272-24-4 Unit, Direct Support, and General Support Maintenance Manual for Truck 5 ton, 6x6, M939, M939A1, M939A2 Series (Diesel) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1992. p. 5-157 to 5-279. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  2. TM 9-2815-237-34 Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual...Engine, Diesel: 8 Cylinder...DDA Model 6.2 Liter...DDA 6.5 Liter (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2004. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  3. 1 2 TM 9-2815-218-34-1 Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Truck, 1/4-ton, 4x4, M181A2 Series (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1983. p. 3-1 to 3-181. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  4. 1 2 TM 9-2815-210-34-2-1 Maintenance, Direct Support and General Support Level Engine Assembly, Diesel (Multifuel)...Models: LD-465-1 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1981. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  5. TM 9-2320-272-24-4 Unit, Direct Support, and General Support Maintenance Manual for Truck 5 ton, 6x6, M939, M939A1, M939A2 Series (Diesel) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1992. p. 5-157 to 5-279. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  6. TM 9-2320-260-34-1 Direct Support and General Support Maintenance for 5-ton, 6x6, M809 Series Trucks (Diesel) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1994. p. 3-1 to 3-259. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  7. TM 9-2815-225-34&P Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual...Engine, Diesel: 6 Cylinder In-line Turbocharged, Cummins Model NTC-400 (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2005. p. 0002 00–1. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  8. TM 9-2815-213-34 Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual...for Engine, Diesel, With Accessories Cummins Model V8-300 (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1972. p. 1-1. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  9. TM 9-2815-224-34&P Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual...Engine, Diesel: 6 Cylinder In-line Turbocharged, Detroit Diesel Corp. Model 8V92TA (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1988. pp. 1–7. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
  10. TM 9-2815-266-34 Direct and General Support Maintenance Manual Truck, Cargo; 1 1/4 Ton M880 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1986. p. 1-3, 1-4, Chap. 11. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.

Works cited

  • Crismon, Fred W (2001). US Military Wheeled Vehicles (3 ed.). Victory WW2. pp. 356–360. ISBN 0-970056-71-0.
  • Doyle, David (2003). Standard Catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles (2 ed.). Krause. ISBN 0-87349-508-X. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  • Ware, Pat (2014). The Illustrated Guide to Military Vehicles. Anness. ISBN 978-1-78214-192-1.
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