In the late 1930s the US Army began setting requirements for custom built tactical trucks, winning designs would be built in quantity. As demand increased during WWII some standardized designs were built by other manufactures.
Most trucks had gasoline (G) engines until the early 1960s, when multifuel (M) and diesel (D) engines were introduced. Since then diesel fuel has increasingly been used, the last gasoline engine vehicles were built in 1985.
Most engines have been water-cooled with inline (I) cylinders, but V types (V) and opposed (O) engines have also been used. Three air-cooled engines were used in two very light trucks. Gasoline engines up to WWII were often valve in block design (L-head), during the war more overhead valve (ohv) engines were used, and after the war all new engines (except 1 F-head and 1 Overhead camshaft (ohc)) have been ohv. All diesel engines have ohv, they can be naturally aspired, supercharged (SC), or turbocharged (TC).
The same engines have been used in different trucks, and larger trucks often have had different engines during their service life. Because of application and evolution, the same engine often has different power ratings. Ratings are in SAE gross horsepower.
The front of an engine is the fan end, the rear is the flywheel end, right and left are as viewed from the rear, regardless of how the engine is mounted in the vehicle. Engines in the tables are water-cooled and naturally aspirated unless noted.
AM General/Kaiser Jeep/Willys
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AO-42[lower-alpha 1] | 53 cu in (0.9 L) | G | AC O4 | 16 hp (12 kW) @3200rpm | 30 lbf⋅ft (41 N⋅m) @2100rpm | M274 1⁄2-ton 4x4 "Mule" |
| AV-108-4 | 108 cu in (1.8 L) | G | AC V4 | 54 hp (40 kW) @3600rpm | 90 lbf⋅ft (122 N⋅m) @2500rpm | M422 1⁄4 4x4 "Mity Mite" |
| MB | 134 cu in (2.2 L) | G | I4 | 54 hp (40 kW) @4000rpm | 105 lbf⋅ft (142 N⋅m) | Willys MB/Ford GPW 1⁄4-ton 4x4 "Jeep" |
| MD | 134 cu in (2.2 L) | G | I4 | 72 hp (54 kW) @4000rpm | 114 lbf⋅ft (155 N⋅m) @2000rpm | M38A11⁄4-ton 4x4 |
| Tornado | 230 cu in (3.8 L) | G | I6 | 132 hp (98 kW) @4000 | 198 lbf⋅ft (268 N⋅m) @2000rpm | M715 1+1⁄4-ton 4x4 |
Kaiser-Jeep Tornado
(front cutaway)
Willys AO4-53
American Motors AV-108-4
(left rear)
American Motors AV-108-4
(right front)
Willys MB
(front cutaway)
Willys MB
(left side cutaway)
Willys MD
(left front)
Willys MD
(right rear)
Caterpillar
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3116[1] | 403 cu in (6.6 L) | D | TC I6 | 225 hp (168 kW) | 430 lbf⋅ft (583 N⋅m) @1550rpm | M35A3 2+1⁄2-ton 6x6, Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles |
| C7 | 439 cu in (7.2 L) | D | TC I6 | 330 hp (246 kW) @2400rpm | 860 lbf⋅ft (1,166 N⋅m) @1400rpm | Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles |
| C15 | 928 cu in (15.2 L) | D | TC I6 | 515 hp (384 kW) @1800rpm | 1,650 lbf⋅ft (2,237 N⋅m) @1200rpm | M977 (HEMTT), M1074/M1075 (PLS) |
| C18 | 1,106 cu in (18.1 L) | D | TC I6 | 700 hp (522 kW) @1300rpm | 1,900 lbf⋅ft (2,576 N⋅m) @1400 | M1070A1 (HET) |
Caterpillar 3116 (left front)
Caterpillar 3116 (right rear)
Caterpillar C15
Chevrolet – GMC
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2L/6.5L[2] | 400 cu in (6.6 L) | D | V8 | 160 hp (119 kW) @3400rpm | 240 lbf⋅ft (325 N⋅m) @2000rpm | M1008 1+1⁄4-ton 4x4 (CUCV), M998 1+1⁄4-ton 4x4 (HMMWV) |
| 270 | 270 cu in (4.4 L) | G | I6 | 91 hp (68 kW) @2750rpm | 216 lbf⋅ft (293 N⋅m) @1400rpm | GMC CCKW 21⁄2-ton 6x6, DUKW 21⁄2-ton 6x6 amphibian |
| 302 | 302 cu in (4.9 L) | G | I6 | 130 hp (97 kW) @3200rpm | 262 lbf⋅ft (355 N⋅m) @1200rpm | M135 21⁄2-ton 6x6 |
| BV-1001 | 235 cu in (3.9 L) | G | I6 | 83 hp (62 kW) @3100rpm | 184 lbf⋅ft (249 N⋅m) @1000rpm | Chev. G506 1+1⁄2-ton 4x4 |
Chevrolet 6.2/6.5L
GMC 302
(left front)
GMC 302
(right front)
Chevrolet BV-1001
(left side)
Chevrolet BV-1001
(right side)
Continental
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AO42[lower-alpha 1] | 42 cu in (0.7 L) | G | AC O2 | 13 hp (10 kW) @3000rpm | 26 lbf⋅ft (35 N⋅m) @2300rpm | M274 1⁄2-ton 4x4 "Mule" |
| L-142[lower-alpha 2][3] | 1,412 cu in (23.1 L) | G | I4 | 65 hp (48 kW) @4000rpm | 128 lbf⋅ft (174 N⋅m) @1800rpm | M1511⁄4-ton 4x4 |
| LDT465[lower-alpha 2][4] | 478 cu in (7.8 L) | M | TC I6 | 130 hp (97 kW) | 305 lbf⋅ft (414 N⋅m) | M35 21⁄2-ton 6x6, M54 5-ton 6x6, M656 5-ton 8x8 |
| R22 | 501 cu in (8.2 L) | G | I6 | 145 hp (108 kW) @2400rpm | 372 lbf⋅ft (504 N⋅m) @1200rpm | M1 10-ton 6x6 Wrecker |
| R6602 | 602 cu in (9.9 L) | G | I6 | 224 hp (167 kW) @2800rpm | 504 lbf⋅ft (683 N⋅m) @1200rpm | M54 5-ton 6x6 |
Ordnance design L-142
Ordnance design LDT-465
(left front)
Ordnance design LDT-465
(right rear)
Continental R22
(left side)
Continental R22
(right side)
Continental R6602
(left side)
Continental R6602
(right side)
Cummins
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6CTA8.3[5] | 504 cu in (8.3 L) | D | TC I6 | 240 hp (179 kW) @2100rpm | 745 lbf⋅ft (1,010 N⋅m) @1500rpm | M939 5-ton 6x6 |
| NH250[6] | 855 cu in (14.0 L) | D | I6 | 240 hp (179 kW) @2100rpm | 685 lbf⋅ft (929 N⋅m) @1500rpm | M809 5-ton 6x6), M939 5-ton 6x6 |
| NTC400[7] | 855 cu in (14.0 L) | D | TC I6 | 400 hp (298 kW) @2100rpm | 1,150 lbf⋅ft (1,559 N⋅m) @1500rpm | M915 series 6x4, 6x6, 8x6 |
| V8-300[8] | 785 cu in (12.9 L) | D | V8 | 300 hp (224 kW) @3000rpm | 580 lbf⋅ft (786 N⋅m) @2100rpm | M123/125 10-ton 6x6 |
Cummins 6CTA8.3
(left side)
Cummins 6CTA8.3
(right side)
Cummins NH250
(left front)
Cummins NH250
(right rear)
Cummins V8-300
(left front)
Cummins V8-300
(right rear)
Detroit Diesel
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-53 | 159 cu in (2.6 L) | D | SC I3 | 103 hp (77 kW) @2800rpm | 217 lbf⋅ft (294 N⋅m) @1500rpm | M561 1+1⁄2-ton 6x6 "Gamma-goat" |
| Series 60 | 775 cu in (12.7 L) | D | TC I6 | 400 hp (298 kW) @2100rpm | 1,400 lbf⋅ft (1,898 N⋅m) @1200rpm | M915 series 6x4, 6x6, 8x6 |
| 8V92TA[9] | 736 cu in (12.1 L) | D | TC V8 | 450 hp (336 kW) | 1,330 lbf⋅ft (1,803 N⋅m) @1200rpm | M911(C-HET) M977(HEMTT), M1070(HET) |
| 12V71 | 852 cu in (14.0 L) | D | SC V12 | 600 hp (447 kW) @2500rpm | 1,470 lbf⋅ft (1,993 N⋅m) @16000rpm | M746 22+1⁄2-ton 8x8 (HET) |
Detroit Diesel 8V92TA
Detroit Diesel Series 60 (left front)
Detroit Diesel Series 60 (right rear)
Dodge-Fargo
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-202 | 201 cu in (3.3 L) | G | I6 | 79 hp (59 kW) @3000rpm | VC 1⁄2-ton 4x4 | |
| T-214-245 | 230 cu in (3.8 L) | G | I6 | 92 hp (69 kW) @3200 | 180 lbf⋅ft (244 N⋅m) @1200rpm | Dodge WC 3⁄4-ton 4x4, M37 3⁄4-ton 4x4 |
| 318[10] | 318 cu in (5.2 L) | G | V8 | 150 hp (112 kW) @4000rpm | 230 lbf⋅ft (312 N⋅m) @2400rpm | M880 1+1⁄4-ton 4x4 (CUCV) |
Dodge T214 (left side)
Dodge T214 (right side)
Dodge 318
Ford
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GTB | 226 cu in (3.7 L) | G | I6 | 90 hp (67 kW) @3000rpm | 180 lbf⋅ft (244 N⋅m) @1200rpm | 1+1⁄2-ton 4x4 |
Ford GTB (left side)
Ford GTB (right side)
Hall-Scott
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 440 | 1,090 cu in (17.9 L) | G | I6 | 240 hp (179 kW) @2000rpm | 810 lbf⋅ft (1,098 N⋅m) @1200rpm | M25 Tank Transporter |
Hall-Scott 440 (left side)
Hall-Scott 440 (right side)
Hercules
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DFXE | 895 cu in (14.7 L) | D | I6 | 185 hp (138 kW) @1600rpm | 665 lbf⋅ft (902 N⋅m) @1200rpm | M19 Tank Transporter |
| HXD | disp855 cu in (14.0 L) | G | I6 | 202 hp (151 kW) @2150rpm | 642 lbf⋅ft (870 N⋅m) @900rpm | 6-ton 6x6) |
| JXD | 320 cu in (5.2 L) | G | I6 | 87 hp (65 kW) @2400rpm | 228 lbf⋅ft (309 N⋅m) @1200rpm | US6 21⁄2-ton 6x6 |
| L-142[lower-alpha 2][3] | 1,412 cu in (23.1 L) | G | I4 | 65 hp (48 kW) @4000rpm | 128 lbf⋅ft (174 N⋅m) @1800rpm | M1511⁄4-ton 4x4 |
| LDT465[lower-alpha 2][4] | 478 cu in (7.8 L) | M | TC I6 | 130 hp (97 kW) | 305 lbf⋅ft (414 N⋅m) | M35 21⁄2-ton 6x6, M54 5-ton 6x6, M656 5-ton 8x8 |
| RXC | 529 cu in (8.7 L) | G | I6 | 131 hp (98 kW) @2200 | 369 lbf⋅ft (500 N⋅m) @1000rpm | Diamond T 4-ton 6x6, Autocar U8144T 5-/6-ton 4x4 |
Hercules DFXE (left side)
Hercules DFXE (right side)
Hercules HXD (left front)
Hercules HXD (right front)
Hercules JXD (left side)
Hercules JXD (right side)- Hercules L-142
- Ordnance design LDT-465
(left front) - Ordnance design LDT-465
(right rear) 
Hercules RXC (left side)
Hercules RXC (right side)
International Harvester
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRD-214 | 214 cu in (3.5 L) | G | I6 | 85 hp (63 kW) @3400rpm | 160 lbf⋅ft (217 N⋅m) @1200 | IHC M-1-4 1⁄2-ton 4x4 |
| GRD-233 | 233 cu in (3.8 L) | G | I6 | 93 hp (69 kW) @3400 | 181 lbf⋅ft (245 N⋅m) @800 | IHC M-1-4 1⁄2-ton 4x4, IHC M-5-6 1+1⁄2-ton 6x6 |
International RED-450-D
LeRoi
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-H844 | 844 cu in (13.8 L) | G | V8 | 297 hp (221 kW) @2600rpm | 725 lbf⋅ft (983 N⋅m) @1700rpm | M123/25 10-ton 6x6 |
LeRoi T-H844 (left rear)
LeRoi T-H844 (right front)
Mack
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN532 | 532 cu in (8.7 L) | G | I6 | 136 hp (101 kW) @2400rpm | Mack NJU 5-ton 6x6 | |
| EY | 707 cu in (11.6 L) | G | I6 | 159 hp (119 kW) @2100rpm | 530 lbf⋅ft (719 N⋅m) @800rpm | Mack NM-6 6-ton 6x6, Mack NO 7+1⁄2-ton 6x6 |
| ENDT673 | 672 cu in (11.0 L) | D | TC I6 | 211 hp (157 kW) @2100rpm | 610 lbf⋅ft (827 N⋅m) | M54 5-ton 6x6) |
Mack ENDT673 (left side)
Mack ENDT673 (right side)
Mack EY
REO
| Model | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Power | Torque | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OA-331 | 331 cu in (5.4 L) | G | I6 | 146 hp (109 kW) @3400rpm | 330 lbf⋅ft (447 N⋅m) | M35 21⁄2-ton 6x6 |
REO OA331 (left side)
REO OA331 (right side)
Notes
References
- ↑ TM 9-2320-272-24-4 Unit, Direct Support, and General Support Maintenance Manual for Truck 5 ton, 6x6, M939, M939A1, M939A2 Series (Diesel) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1992. p. 5-157 to 5-279. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- ↑ TM 9-2815-237-34 Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual...Engine, Diesel: 8 Cylinder...DDA Model 6.2 Liter...DDA 6.5 Liter (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2004. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- 1 2 TM 9-2815-218-34-1 Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Truck, 1/4-ton, 4x4, M181A2 Series (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1983. p. 3-1 to 3-181. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- 1 2 TM 9-2815-210-34-2-1 Maintenance, Direct Support and General Support Level Engine Assembly, Diesel (Multifuel)...Models: LD-465-1 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1981. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- ↑ TM 9-2320-272-24-4 Unit, Direct Support, and General Support Maintenance Manual for Truck 5 ton, 6x6, M939, M939A1, M939A2 Series (Diesel) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1992. p. 5-157 to 5-279. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- ↑ TM 9-2320-260-34-1 Direct Support and General Support Maintenance for 5-ton, 6x6, M809 Series Trucks (Diesel) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1994. p. 3-1 to 3-259. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- ↑ TM 9-2815-225-34&P Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual...Engine, Diesel: 6 Cylinder In-line Turbocharged, Cummins Model NTC-400 (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2005. p. 0002 00–1. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- ↑ TM 9-2815-213-34 Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual...for Engine, Diesel, With Accessories Cummins Model V8-300 (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1972. p. 1-1. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- ↑ TM 9-2815-224-34&P Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual...Engine, Diesel: 6 Cylinder In-line Turbocharged, Detroit Diesel Corp. Model 8V92TA (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1988. pp. 1–7. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
- ↑ TM 9-2815-266-34 Direct and General Support Maintenance Manual Truck, Cargo; 1 1/4 Ton M880 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1986. p. 1-3, 1-4, Chap. 11. Retrieved 23 Jun 2019.
Works cited
- Crismon, Fred W (2001). US Military Wheeled Vehicles (3 ed.). Victory WW2. pp. 356–360. ISBN 0-970056-71-0.
- Doyle, David (2003). Standard Catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles (2 ed.). Krause. ISBN 0-87349-508-X. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
- Ware, Pat (2014). The Illustrated Guide to Military Vehicles. Anness. ISBN 978-1-78214-192-1.
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