U. M. Rose
From Addresses of U.M. Rose : with a brief memoir, 1914
Uriah M. Rose, delegate to the Hague Peace Conference of 1907

Uriah Milton Rose (March 5, 1834 – August 12, 1913) was an American lawyer [1]: 181  and Confederate sympathizer.[1]: 176  "Approachable, affable, and kind,"[2] graceful and courteous,[3]: 18  he was called "the most scholarly lawyer in America"[4]: 676  and "one of the leading legal lights of the nation",[5] "a towering figure in the...life of Little Rock".[2] He was a founder of the American Bar Association, of which he was twice president, 1891–92 and 1901-02.[6]

Another Arkansas judge, J. T. Coston, described him thus:

Arkansas is the home of the late U. M. Rose, a scholar and statesman. Judge Rose was one of the great lawyers not only of Arkansas but of the United States. Cultured, refined and modest as a woman, with a titanic intellect, he was a general favorite wherever he was known. Judge Dillon, after being thrown with him on numerous occasions at long intervals, pronounced Judge Rose the most cultured man he had ever known. He loved his profession, and I heard him state only a year or two before he died, while attending the Arkansas Bar Association, that during his more than half a century experience in the practice of law he had never had a serious misunderstanding with a brother lawyer.[7]

President Theodore Roosevelt called him "the brainiest man I have ever met".[8]

Childhood and personal life

Rose was born in Bradfordsville, Kentucky, on a farm of 300 or 400 acres,[9]: 8  on March 5, 1834, son of Joseph and Nancy Rose. His father was a physician and a Campbellite.[3]: 12  He was his parents' third son and had two half-siblings from his father's first marriage to a Miss Armstrong from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[10] As there was no school in Bradfordsville, he was taught by a tutor; he was studying Latin at age five and later remarked that he could not remember when he could not read.[11] He studied French and German with Europeans who happened to be in Bradfordsville.[3]: 18–19  His mother died in 1848 and his father in 1849. Since his father's estate was worth less than his debts, "the children were thrown out". Rose then worked in the village store, where he also resided.[10] When this did not leave him time to study, he resigned and worked on a farm, as a field hand, for board and $5 a month.[1]: 173 [8][9]: 10 

When Rose was 17, lawyer Rutherford Harrison Roundtree, who met him when visiting the farm, hired him as a deputy county clerk, and gave him "a home in his house" in Lebanon, Kentucky.[9]: 10  There, he "learned a great deal about legal forms" and attended court, hearing the locally-famous attorneys Ben Hardin and Joshua F. Bell.[9]: 10  To advance his legal education he enrolled at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky. "When Judge Rose, no more than a youth, presented himself for admission to the school, he impressed Justice Robertson so much with his earnestness and apparent willingness to learn, that Justice Robertson took him to live at his own splendid mansion. It was while at Justice Robertson's home that Judge Rose met Henry Clay, Webster, and many other of the prominent men of the time."[8] He graduated in six months.[3]: 13 

On October 25, 1853, Rose married Margaret T. Gibbs,[12] daughter of William Gibbs, who was a grandson of George Washington's aide and bodyguard Caleb Gibbs.[8]

Rose "disliked his first name intensely and never used his first name when he could avoid it".[1]

Career

In Batesville

After graduating in 1853, in search of warmer weather, Rose, his new wife, and his brother-in-law William T. Gibbs moved to Batesville, Arkansas, in 1853. He set up a law practice there in partnership with Gibbs. The Roses had three children.[10] "The couple bought a house on the north side of Main Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, and U. M. Rose rented a small building next door to use as an office."[1]: 175  ("He lived on the lot now [1935] occupied by a filling station just across the street from where the Crouch furniture store is now l[oca]ted. His law office was located in his yard."[13]) Rose subsequently moved his practice to Washington, Arkansas.[14]

In 1860, he was appointed chancellor (chancery judge and chief county officer) of Pulaski County; "county judges in Arkansas have served for decades as one of the strongest political forces in the state."[15] "The [Pulaski County] chancellor's office was the only such office in the state and thus had statewide jurisdiction."[10] He held this position until Union forces captured the state capital on September 1, 1863. Although initially opposed to secession, on the practical ground that the South could not win a war against the North,[1]: 175 [3]: 22  he backed the Confederacy throughout the Civil War. (Both he and his brother-in-law each owned a slave, though his ran away.[1]: 175 ) He took an oath to support the Confederacy, without which he could not have continued as a state judge;[1]: 176  when briefly captured by Union forces that occupied Batesville, he refused to swear allegiance to the Federal government.[1]: 176  The Confederacy named him state historian.[1]: 177  He moved with the pro-Confederate Arkansas government to Washington, Arkansas in 1863, following the fall of Little Rock.[3]: 22  Rose, "along with all men who had the welfare of the state at heart",[3]: 23  "worked hard" to convince Arkansas voters not to ratify the Reconstruction Constitution.[1]: 181  (As a Confederate loyalist, he had lost the right to vote.) He was chairman of the Resolutions Committee of the state Democratic party, determined "to preserve 'WHITE MAN'S government in a WHITE MAN'S COUNTRY'".[1]: 181  (His wife was later active in the Daughters of the Confederacy.[16][17][18][19][20])

In Little Rock

The end of the Confederacy meant the end of his position as judge. Moving to Little Rock in 1865, where he and his wife had four additional children,[10] he set up a law partnership, much later to become the Rose Law Firm, with George C. Watkins (1815–1872), former chief justice of Arkansas. This lasted until Watkins' retirement, five years later. He then brought in John Green, who died suddenly in May 1875.[1]: 188  His son George B. Rose then became associated with him, under the firm name of U. M. & G. B. Rose.[21] In 1893 Wilson Hemingway, associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court since 1889, resigned from the court to join them. In 1905, the firm merged with Cantrell and Loughborough, and the partners adopted the named Rose, Hemingway, Cantrell, and Loughborough, which remained the name of the firm long after Rose's death. The firm did not become the Rose Law Firm until 1980;[1]: 188  no Rose has been associated with the firm since George's death in 1942.

He was offered a position as U.S. Senator but declined, saying "I have no love of political life. I have seen much of it at a distance. I regard it for the most part as a sham and a delusion, and often it is a shame and a disgrace."[1]: 187 

A man of learning in the law, science, and literature, Rose knew both German and French; poems translated by him from the French of Sully Prudhomme and the German of Goethe and Schiller were published posthumously.[22] When faced with a colonial document, he "exhibited a degree of almost perfect familiarity with Spanish".[23] He was "deeply versed in the classics",[8] and was also a noted and "enthralling"[24] public speaker. In 1872 was the first of several trips to Europe, in which he visited Italy, Austria, Scandinavia, Russia, and Turkey; he also visited Mexico.[3]: 26 

His library, which his widow donated to the Little Rock Public Library, contained over 8,000 volumes, including almost 2,000 books in French and German; there are two published catalogues of it.[25][26][27][28] He was the organizer of the Arkansas Bar Association, whose first meeting was in his office,[1]: 194  and its president from 1899 to 1900; he was a charter member of the American Bar Association and its president from 1891 to 1892 and again 1901 to 1902. President Theodore Roosevelt appointed him U.S. ambassador to the Second Peace Conference at The Hague in 1907.[10] In preparation for that responsibility he spent time in Washington, D.C., where he was "a daily caller at [the] White House".[29]

Rose died at his home at 620 West 3rd St., Little Rock, Arkansas, on August 12, 1913, as a consequence of a fall.[30][31] "The funeral was attended perhaps by the largest number ever gathered on a similar occasion."[32] People attended from "every section of the state".[14] State offices were closed by the governor so employees could attend the funeral.[33]

He and his wife had 9 children who survived to adulthood, in order of birth: John M. Rose (1855-1915), an attorney who practiced next door to his father but not in partnership with him,[1]: 188 n. 60  William G. Rose of Butler and Independence, Missouri (1857–1941), his partner George B. Rose (1860–1942), Janata Rose "Fanny" Dickinson of Little Rock (1863–1932), Lawrence (1866, died in infancy), Ellen Rose Gibbon or Gibbons of Los Angeles (1867–1915), Emma Rose Coleman (1870–1907), Charles C. Rose of Little Rock (1872–1954), Prof. Lewis Henry Rose of the University of Arkansas and of Chicago (1874–1921), and Mrs. (Jessie Rose) Hay Watson Smith of Brooklyn, N.Y., and Little Rock (1877-1953).[12] [34][35] His son George was "known and honored not only as a most successful lawyer, but as a litterateur, art critic and scholar."[36] His grandson U.M. Rose was president of the New Mexico Bar Association.[37]

Legacy

Rose was the only delegate from Arkansas among the 75 lawyers who formed the American Bar Association in Saratoga Springs, New York in 1872. He was president from 1891 to 1892 and again from 1901 to 1902.

In 1882, at his suggestion, 68 lawyers from across the state formed the Arkansas State Bar Association. "Rose was elected chairman of the association's first executive committee and, between 1898 and 1899, served as president."[10]

In 1916, a new U.M. Rose School was opened at 13th and State Streets in Little Rock.[38] It became a central building of Little Rock Junior College when that institution was founded in 1927; when the Junior College became the University of Arkansas at Little Rock and moved to a larger campus, the former campus was used by Philander Smith College, where the building is currently (2019) the James M. Cox Administration Building.

In 1917, the state of Arkansas donated a marble statue of Rose to the U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection. In 2019 the decision was made to replace his statue, and that of James Paul Clarke, with statues of Johnny Cash and Daisy Lee Gatson Bates. Arkansas state Sen. David Wallace, the lead sponsor of the bill to replace Rose, cited Rose's perceived lack of name recognition in the present day, saying his "time has faded".[39][40]

In 1944, a United States Liberty ship named the SS Uriah M. Rose was launched. She was scrapped in 1972.

Published writings

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Bird, Allen W. II (Summer 2005). "U. M. Rose: Arkansas Attorney". Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 64 (2): 171–205. doi:10.2307/40031058. JSTOR 40031058. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  2. 1 2 "A Tribute to Uriah M. Rose---The Lawyer". Arkansas Democrat. August 13, 1913. p. 6. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rose, George B. (1914). "Memoir". Addresses of U. M. Rose, with a Brief Memoir. Chicago: George I. Jones.
  4. ↑ "America's Delegation to the Second Hague Conference". American Monthly Review of Reviews. Vol. 35, no. 6. June 1907. pp. 673–679.
  5. ↑ "Judge Rose's Record". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 12, 1907. p. 4. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  6. ↑ "A Peace Conference Delegate". Lincoln Star. June 27, 1907. p. 10. Archived from the original on April 23, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  7. ↑ Coston, J. T. (August 27, 1915). "Arkansas (conclusion)". The Osceola Times (Osceola, Arkansas). p. 3. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fall from Chair Proves Fatal to Judge U. M. Rose (conclusion)". Arkansas Democrat. August 12, 1913. p. 5. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Rose, U. M. (1914). "Memoir". Addresses of U. M. Rose, with a Brief Memoir. Chicago: George I. Jones.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bird II, Allen W. (2019). "Uriah Milton Rose (1834–1913)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Central Arkansas Library System. Archived from the original on July 21, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2019.
  11. ↑ Anderson, Philip S. (2010). "Remarks to the H.L.A. Hart Society". Arkansas Law Review. 63: 467–472, at p. 469.
  12. 1 2 "Fiftieth Anniversary". Arkansas Democrat. October 28, 1903. p. 3. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  13. ↑ "Pioner [sic] Settler Tells Interesting Story (conclusion)". Baxter Bulletin (Mountain Home, Arkansas). September 13, 1935. p. 3. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  14. 1 2 "Judge U. M. Rose Passes Away at his Home in Little Rock". Batesville Daily Guard. Batesville, Arkansas. August 12, 1913. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  15. ↑ Goss, Kay C. (2018). "County Judge, Office of". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Central Arkansas Library System. Archived from the original on July 21, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2019.
  16. ↑ "Choice of Little Rock Memorial Chapter for the Battle Abbey". Daily Arkansas Gazette. June 26, 1896. p. 8. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  17. ↑ "Delegates Have Been Named". Arkansas Democrat. May 1, 1900. p. 2. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  18. ↑ "U.D.C." Arkansas Democrat. June 5, 1904. p. 5. Archived from the original on July 21, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  19. ↑ "Social and Personal". Arkansas Democrat. January 5, 1905. p. 5. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
  20. ↑ "Memorial Chapter, U.D.C." Arkansas Democrat. December 7, 1912. p. 14. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  21. ↑ "U. M. Rose". The Southern Standard (Arkadelphia, Arkansas). January 25, 1906. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  22. ↑ Rose, U.M.; Rose, George B. (1914). Addresses of U.M. Rose: with a brief memoir. Chicago: G.I. Jones. pp. 407–412.
  23. ↑ "Judge U. M. Rose Associates the Filhiol Claim with Forgery". Daily Arkansas Gazette. On the Filhiol claim, see Camden, Arkansas#History. April 19, 1895. p. 4. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  24. ↑ "John Marshall. Centenary of the Great Chief Justice Duly Celebrated". Arkansas Democrat. February 4, 1901. p. 3. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  25. ↑ "Present Library". Hot Springs New Era (Hot Springs, Arkansas). November 24, 1914. p. 2. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  26. ↑ "Annual Report of Librarian Is Filed". Daily Arkansas Gazette. February 10, 1915. p. 4. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  27. ↑ Catalogue of miscellaneous books in the library of U.M. Rose. Little Rock. 1880.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  28. ↑ Catalogue of library of U.M. Rose. Little Rock. 1895.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  29. ↑ "U.M.Rose Daily Caller at White House". Daily Arkansas Gazette. February 28, 1906. p. 7. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  30. ↑ "Judge U. M. Rose Is Slightly Injured By Falling from a Chair". Arkansas Democrat. June 18, 1913. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  31. ↑ "Rose Funeral Thursday P.M." Arkansas Democrat. August 13, 1913. p. 2. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  32. ↑ "Judge U. M. Rose, After Simple Rites, Buried in Oakland Cemetery". Daily Arkansas Gazette. August 15, 1913. p. 9. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  33. ↑ "Capitol Offices Closed". Daily Arkansas Gazette. August 15, 1913. p. 8. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  34. ↑ Tobat, Melissa. "The Descendants of URIAH M. ROSE". ARGenWeb. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
  35. ↑ McElroy, Rev. John M. (1901). "Children of Margaret P. (Gibbs) and Judge U. M. Rose". The Scottish-Irish McElroys in America. Albany, New York: Fort Orange Press. p. 51.
  36. ↑ "Two Big Law Firms United". Arkansas Democrat. October 5, 1905. p. 7. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  37. ↑ "Ex-Bar Assn. President Rose Dies in Hobbs". Albuquerque Journal. November 13, 1978. p. 36. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  38. ↑ "New U. M. Rose School Building Dedicated". Arkansas Democrat. January 8, 1916. p. 2. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  39. ↑ Peters, Ben (April 17, 2019). "Johnny Cash is replacing one of the Capitol's Civil War statues". Roll Call. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  40. ↑ Itkowitz, Colby (April 17, 2019). "Johnny Cash to replace Confederate statue on Capitol Hill". Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 12, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
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