A hockey rink is set up in the middle of a football field, with thousands of people surrounding the playing surface
The University of Michigan and Michigan State set a world record for attendance on December 11, 2010 at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor.

Playing hockey games outdoors—in soccer, football and baseball stadiums—is an increasingly popular trend for junior, college, professional and international competitions in the 21st century. The popularity of outdoor games has resulted in attendance records in several leagues, and the current world record total of 104,173 was set at The Big Chill at the Big House, a December 2010 National Collegiate Athletic Association game between the University of Michigan and Michigan State University.[1]

While other indoor sports such as basketball have been able to use outdoor tennis courts and even aircraft carriers for outdoor games, this is rarely possible in ice hockey because a regulation rink is generally much wider and longer than the playing surface available in either of those venues. Ice hockey, however, has been played at Stade Roland Garros, the venue of the French Open in tennis. Staging a Vysshaya liga game on the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov has been considered as well. To compensate for the varying weather conditions at outdoor ice hockey games, the teams may switch sides after each half of a period.

History

Two teams of many hockey players stand at either end of a rink built on top of a football field as thousands of people look on from the stands.
The University of Michigan and Michigan State's game, known as the Cold War, was first held in 2001 and launched the modern outdoor game phenomenon.

In the early history of hockey, games were played outdoors on rivers, lakes, and other naturally occurring ice surfaces. The first indoor game, held in 1875, was a novelty at the time, and after that the game moved inside. While the first Olympic hockey tournament, held in 1920, was played indoors, games at the first Winter Olympics in 1924 were the first of several such tournaments to be played outdoors.[2] Games at the World Championships were occasionally played outdoors, including the 1957 gold medal game between the Soviet Union and Sweden at the Lenin Stadium in Moscow. The attendance at that game was approximately 55,000, a number that stood as a record for more than 40 years.[3] In 1954, the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) played an exhibition game on an outdoor ice surface against the inmates of Michigan's Marquette Branch Prison.[4]

While the New York Rangers and the Los Angeles Kings played an NHL exhibition game in 1991 outside Caesars Palace in Las Vegas,[5] the modern trend for outdoor competition began in 2001. That year, Michigan State University and the University of Michigan played to a 3–3 tie in an outdoor game known as the Cold War before 74,554 fans. The game was held at Michigan State's Spartan Stadium, with the hockey rink set up in the middle of the football field.[6]

The NHL's first regular season outdoor game ensued: the 2003 Heritage Classic, hosted by the Edmonton Oilers, who lost by a 4–3 score to the Montreal Canadiens. Though the game was played in frigid temperatures that went as low as −19 °C (−2 °F), it drew over 57,000 fans and was hailed as a success.[7] The league followed it up in 2008 when it inaugurated the NHL Winter Classic as an annual event to be held on New Year's Day. The 2008 NHL Winter Classic, held in Buffalo, set an NHL attendance record of 71,217.[8] The 2014 NHL Winter Classic, held at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan, set a new NHL attendance record of 105,491.[9] In 2011, for the first time the NHL hosted two outdoor games, the Winter Classic in Pittsburgh, and the Heritage Classic in Calgary.

Outdoor games have been held by many leagues around the world. The Swiss league's SCL Tigers hosted SC Bern in an outdoor game to celebrate the 100th Tigers–Bern Derby in 2007.[10] In 2009, Swedish clubs Frölunda HC and Färjestads BK played a game at Ullevi. The game broke the former European league-game record for attendance at that time with a crowd of 31,144 (beaten in February 2011 when Jokerit and HIFK played in front of 36,644 spectators).[11] The game also broke the Swedish record crowd of 23,192, set in the same stadium in 1962.[12] The current world record for attendance at a hockey game was set in December 2010, in an NCAA game between the same two teams that participated in the Cold War. In this game, Michigan hosted Michigan State in an event known as The Big Chill at the Big House. The game had an announced attendance of 113,411 spectators, but Guinness World Records certified the attendance as 104,173 based on tickets scanned.[1][13][14] The record had previously been set at the opening game of the 2010 IIHF World Championship, in which the hosting Germans defeated the United States 2–1 before a then-record 77,803 fans. Although the game was held at Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, it was not technically an outdoor game, as the stadium's retractable roof was closed due to International Ice Hockey Federation regulations.[15][16][17] In 2010, Färjestad and Frölunda again played an outdoor game against each other, this time in Karlstad. 15,274 spectators saw Färjestad win the game 5–2.[18]

Popularity

Outdoor games have proven to be immensely popular with fans. For the 2003 Heritage Classic, the NHL received over 900,000 requests from all over the world for a chance to buy one of the 57,167 tickets available. CBC's Hockey Night in Canada telecast of the game drew 2.7 million viewers, a record for a regular season game for the half-century old television program.[19] In the United States, the Winter Classics have been a ratings winner; 4.56 million people watched the 2011 Winter Classic, and the game led to a ratings win for NBC in the coveted 18–49 age group despite the fact that poor weather forced the NHL to move the start time of the game back several hours on less than a day's notice.[20] It became the most watched NHL regular season game in the last 36 years.[21] The games have been credited as causing increased interest in hockey in the United States.[22] In Russia, the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) hosted its first All-Star Game in 2009 in Moscow's Red Square. The league used the location to promote the KHL amidst the global financial crisis.[23]

Games

Though games have been held outdoors since the sport's earliest days, this list contains only those held since the 2001 Cold War popularized the trend of holding outdoor games as events.

Date Event Location League Home team Score Visiting team Attendance Notes Ref
October 6, 2001Cold WarUnited States Spartan Stadium
East Lansing, Michigan		CCHAMichigan State Spartans
(men)		3–3Michigan Wolverines
(men)		74,554First outdoor game in NCAA history[6]
November 22, 20032003 Heritage ClassicCanada Commonwealth Stadium
Edmonton, Alberta		NHLEdmonton Oilers3–4Montreal Canadiens57,167First regular season outdoor game in NHL history[24]
April 2, 2005Our Game to GiveCanada Ivor Wynne Stadium
Hamilton, Ontario		Charity gameTeam Gilmour9–8Team Staios10,300Held during 2004–05 NHL lockout[25][26]
February 13, 2006Frozen Tundra ClassicUnited States Lambeau Field
Green Bay, Wisconsin		WCHAWisconsin Badgers
(men)		4–2Ohio State Buckeyes
(men)		40,890[27]
January 14, 2007100th Tigers-Bern derby matchSwitzerland Stade de Suisse
Bern, Switzerland		NLASCL Tigers2–5SC Bern30,076National League A attendance record[10]
January 1, 20082008 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Ralph Wilson Stadium
Orchard Park, New York		NHLBuffalo Sabres1–2
(SO)		Pittsburgh Penguins71,217[8]
January 1, 20092009 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Wrigley Field
Chicago, Illinois		Chicago Blackhawks4–6Detroit Red Wings40,818[28]
January 10, 20092009 KHL All-Star GameRussia Red Square
Moscow, Russia		KHLTeam Yashin6–7Team Jágr2,500 (est.)First outdoor game in KHL history[23]
February 7, 2009Switzerland Gstaad Skating Rink
Gstaad, Switzerland		ExhibitionSwitzerland
(men's)		4–3
(SO)		Slovakia
(men's)		3,000 (est.)[29]
February 14, 2009Fairbanks Ice Dogs 1st Annual Outdoor GameUnited States Big Dipper Ice Arena
Fairbanks, Alaska		NAHLFairbanks Ice Dogs3–1Alaska Avalanche2,000 (est.)First outdoor game sanctioned by USA Hockey[30]
December 27, 20092009 Hungarian Winter ClassicHungary Kisstadion
Budapest, Hungary		MOL LigaFerencvárosi TC2–1Újpesti TE4,500[31][32]
December 28, 20092009 SEL Outdoor ClassicSweden Ullevi
Gothenburg, Sweden		SELFrölunda HC4–1Färjestad BK31,144Elitserien/SHL attendance record
Established new attendance record for a league match in Sweden		[11]
January 1, 20102010 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts		NHLBoston Bruins2–1
(OT)		Philadelphia Flyers38,112[33]
January 8, 2010Frozen Fenway 2010Hockey EastNortheastern Huskies
(women)		3–5New Hampshire Wildcats
(women)		6,889[34]
Boston College Eagles
(men)		2–3Boston University Terriers
(men)		38,472[34]
January 9, 20102010 EBEL Winter ClassicAustria Hypo-Arena
Klagenfurt, Austria		EBELEC KAC1–3VSV EC30,500Austrian Hockey League attendance record[35]
New Jersey Pond Hockey ClassicUnited States Navesink Country Club
Navesink, New Jersey		ACHARowan University
(men)		4–4University of Maryland, Baltimore County
(men)		100First ACHA outdoor game[36]
February 6, 2010Camp Randall Hockey ClassicUnited States Camp Randall Stadium
Madison, Wisconsin		WCHAWisconsin Badgers
(women)		6–1Bemidji State Beavers
(women)		8,263[37]
Wisconsin Badgers
(men)		3–2Michigan Wolverines
(men)		55,031[37]
February 20, 2010Mirabito Outdoor ClassicUnited States New York State Fairgrounds
Syracuse, New York		AHLSyracuse Crunch2–1Binghamton Senators21,508First AHL outdoor game; American Hockey League attendance record (since broken)[38]
March 13, 2010Fairbanks Ice Dogs 2nd Annual Outdoor GameUnited States Big Dipper Ice Arena
Fairbanks, Alaska		NAHLFairbanks Ice Dogs3–2Wichita Falls Wildcats2,500 (est.)[39]
November 26, 2010Northern ClassicCanada Fort McMurray, AlbertaAJHLFort McMurray Oil Barons4–2Drayton Valley Thunder5,726Alberta Junior Hockey League attendance record[40]
December 4, 2010The Frozen Face-offUnited States Michigan Stadium
Ann Arbor, Michigan		MCHAAdrian Bulldogs
(men)		3–0Concordia Falcons
(men)		1,4701st outdoor D-III game on record[41]
December 11, 2010The Big Chill at the Big HouseCCHAMichigan Wolverines
(men)		5–0Michigan State Spartans
(men)		104,173CCHA attendance record; highest attended game on record[1][13]
December 26, 20102010 SEL Outdoor ClassicSweden Karlstad Outdoor Arena
Karlstad, Sweden		SELFärjestad BK5–2Frölunda HC15,274[18]
December 31, 20102011 NHL Winter Classic Alumni GameUnited States Heinz Field
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania		NHL AlumniPittsburgh Penguins
alumni		5–5Washington Capitals
alumni		10,000[42][43]
January 1, 20112011 NHL Winter ClassicNHLPittsburgh Penguins1–3Washington Capitals68,111[44]
January 2, 2011Open Air Hockey 2011Czech Republic Pardubice-Svítkov Speedway
Pardubice, Czech Republic		ELHHC Eaton Pardubice4–2HC Kometa Brno17,140Set Extraliga attendance record
(since overtaken)		[45]
January 9, 20112011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division IIIMexico Zócalo
Mexico City, Mexico		IIHF WJHCMexico national junior team
(men's)		8–0Bulgaria national junior team
(men's)		3,000First outdoor ice hockey game in Mexican history[46]
January 15, 2011Rockstar Outdoor Hockey ClassicUnited States Avista Stadium
Spokane, Washington		WHL
(CHL)		Spokane Chiefs11–2Kootenay Ice7,075First regular season outdoor game in both WHL (& CHL) history[47]
United States Bernick's Outdoor Rink
Sartell, Minnesota		MIACSaint Benedict Blazers
(women)		1–9Concordia Cobbers
(women)		100[48]
January 29, 2011North Shore Winter ClassicCanada Iron Bridge Outdoor Arena
Iron Bridge, Ontario		GMHLElliot Lake Bobcats8–2Algoma Avalanche400 (est.)[49]
February 5, 20112011 TalviklassikkoFinland Helsinki Olympic Stadium
Helsinki, Finland		SM-liigaJokerit3–4HIFK36,644SM-liiga attendance record
Established new attendance record for a European league match (since broken)		[50]
February 13, 2011Whalers Hockey FestUnited States Rentschler Field
East Hartford, Connecticut		Atlantic HockeyConnecticut Huskies
(men)		3–1Sacred Heart Pioneers
(men)		1,911[51]
Hockey EastConnecticut Huskies
(women)		3–4Providence Friars
(women)		153[52]
February 15, 2011NESCACTrinity Bantams
(women)		5–1Wesleyan Cardinals
(women)		100[53]
Wesleyan Cardinals
(men)		1–3Trinity Bantams
(men)		820[54]
February 19, 2011Atlantic HockeyAmerican International Yellow Jackets
(men)		1–4Army Black Knights
(men)		1,142[55]
NHL AlumniHartford Whalers
alumni		4–4Boston Bruins
alumni		10,000[56]
Whale BowlAHLConnecticut Whale4–5
(SO)		Providence Bruins21,673American Hockey League attendance record (since broken)[56]
Face-Off in the FoothillsCanada McMahon Stadium
Calgary, Alberta		NHL Alumni1989 Calgary Flames3–5Montreal Canadiens alumni10,000+[57]
February 20, 20112011 Heritage ClassicNHLCalgary Flames4–0Montreal Canadiens41,022[58]
February 21, 2011Face-Off in the FoothillsWHL
(CHL)		Calgary Hitmen2–3Regina Pats20,888Western and Canadian Hockey League attendance records; Junior hockey world record[59]
February 26, 2011Slaget om SiljanSweden Villa Långbers Arena
Leksand, Sweden		HockeyAllsvenskanLeksands IF1–4Mora IK17,319[60]
March 12, 2011Fairbanks Ice Dogs 3rd Annual Outdoor GameUnited States Big Dipper Ice Arena
Fairbanks, Alaska		NAHLFairbanks Ice Dogs5–3Wenatchee Wild2,000 (est.)[61]
December 10, 20112011 SEL Outdoor ClassicSweden Elmia Outdoor Arena
Jönköping, Sweden		SELHV710–1
(OT)		Linköpings HC18,884New attendance record for a sports event in Jönköping
First road team winner since the yearly tradition from 2009		[62][63]
December 31, 20112012 NHL Winter Classic Alumni GameUnited States Citizens Bank Park
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania		NHL AlumniPhiladelphia Flyers
alumni		3–1New York Rangers
alumni		45,808[64]
January 2, 20122012 NHL Winter ClassicNHLPhiladelphia Flyers2–3New York Rangers46,967[65]
January 6, 20122012 AHL Outdoor GameAHLAdirondack Phantoms4–3
(OT)		Hershey Bears45,653American Hockey League attendance record[66]
January 7, 2012Frozen Fenway 2012United States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts		Hockey EastVermont Catamounts
(men)		2–3
(OT)		UMass Minutemen
(men)		38,456[67]
New Hampshire Wildcats
(men)		4–5
(OT)		Maine Black Bears
(men)		38,456[67]
January 10, 2012Providence Friars
(women)		2–3Dartmouth Big Green
(women)		1,305[68]
January 13, 2012ECAC East (D-III)Babson Beavers
(men)		1–4Norwich Cadets
(men)		7,250[69]
ECAC HockeyHarvard Crimson
(men)		0–2Union Dutchmen
(men)		8,981[69]
January 14, 2012Hockey EastBoston College Eagles
(men)		2–1Northeastern Huskies
(men)		29,601[70]
January 15, 2012The Frozen Diamond FaceoffUnited States Progressive Field
Cleveland, Ohio		CCHAOhio State Buckeyes
(men)		1–4Michigan Wolverines
(men)		25,864First outdoor hockey game between rivals Ohio State and Michigan[71][72]
January 19, 2012OUA Outdoor ClassicCanada Ivor Wynne Stadium
Hamilton, Ontario		OUAUOIT Ridgebacks
(women)		2–3Brock Badgers
(women)		102[73]
January 20, 20122012 AHL Outdoor Classic "Steeltown Showdown"NHL AlumniMontreal Canadiens
alumni		5–6Toronto Maple Leafs
alumni		8,000[74]
January 21, 20122012 AHL Outdoor Classic "Steeltown Showdown"AHLHamilton Bulldogs2–7Toronto Marlies20,565[26]
January 22, 2012OUA Outdoor ClassicOUAWaterloo Warriors
(men)		3–1Brock Badgers
(men)		500[73]
February 4, 20122012 TalviklassikkoFinland Helsinki Olympic Stadium
Helsinki, Finland		SM-liigaHIFK3–2
(SO)		Jokerit34,264[75]
February 9, 20122012 Oddset Hockey GamesEuro Hockey TourFinland
(men's)		0–2Russia
(men's)		25,036[76]
February 17, 2012Russian ClassicRussia Central Stadium
Krasnoyarsk, Russia		VHLSokol Krasnoyarsk2–3Lokomotiv Yaroslavl16,100First outdoor game in VHL history[77]
September 14, 20122012 Arena Ice FeverCroatia Pula Arena
Pula, Croatia		EBELMedveščak Zagreb2–3Olimpija Ljubljana7,022First hockey game held in an amphitheater[78][79]
September 16, 2012Medveščak Zagreb4–1Vienna Capitals7,130[78][79]
December 8, 20122012 SEL Outdoor Classic/Brynäs IF 100-year celebrationSweden Gävlebocken Arena
Gävle, Sweden		SELBrynäs IF3–0Timrå IK15,009[80][81]
January 4, 2013Bežigrad IceFest 2013Slovenia Bežigrad Stadium
Ljubljana, Slovenia		EBELOlimpija Ljubljana5–4
(OT)		EC VSV7,000[82]
January 5, 20132013 DEL Winter GameGermany Frankenstadion
Nürnberg, Germany		DELThomas Sabo Ice Tigers4–3Eisbären Berlin50,000New attendance record for a European league match[83]
January 6, 2013City GameUnited States Penguins Pond at Highmark Stadium
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania		ACHAPitt Panthers
(men)		5–3Duquesne Dukes
(men)		N/AGame traditionally held at CONSOL Energy Center; held during the 2012–13 NHL lockout[84]
Bežigrad IceFest 2013Slovenia Bežigrad Stadium
Ljubljana, Slovenia		EBELOlimpija Ljubljana8–4Medveščak Zagreb7,000[82]
January 8, 2013Olimpija Ljubljana2–4EC KAC7,000[82]
January 20, 20132013 AHL Outdoor ClassicUnited States Hersheypark Stadium
Hershey, Pennsylvania		AHLHershey Bears1–2
(OT)		Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins17,311[85]
February 9, 2013Mutual of Omaha Battles on IceUnited States TD Ameritrade Park Omaha
Omaha, Nebraska		USHLOmaha Lancers4–2Lincoln Stars13,523First outdoor USHL game, Part of a Doubleheader[86]
WCHAOmaha Mavericks
(men)		2–5North Dakota
(men)		13,650Part of a Doubleheader.[87]
February 17, 2013OfficeMax Hockey City ClassicUnited States Soldier Field
Chicago, Illinois		CCHANotre Dame Fighting Irish
(men)		2–1Miami RedHawks
(men)		52,051Part of a doubleheader.[88]
WCHAWisconsin Badgers
(men)		3–2Minnesota Golden Gophers
(men)		52,051Part of a doubleheader.[88]
December 13, 2013Frozen FrontierUnited States Frontier Field
Rochester, New York		AHLRochester Americans5–4
(SO)		Lake Erie Monsters11,015[89]
December 14, 2013Non-conference
NCAA Div I		RIT Tigers
(women)		2–6Clarkson Golden Knights
(women)		1,578First outdoor women's hockey game in the state of New York[89]
Atlantic HockeyRIT Tigers
(men)		2–2
(OT)		Niagara Purple Eagles
(men)		4,760[89]
2013 SHL Outdoor Classic[lower-alpha 1]Sweden Gamla Ullevi
Gothenburg, Sweden		SHLFrölunda HC1–4Skellefteå AIK13,452Second SHL outdoor game in Gothenburg[90][91]
Open Ice Winter Classic TampereFinland Tampere Stadium
Tampere, Finland		LiigaTappara1–0Ilves15,062
December 15, 2013Frozen FrontierUnited States Frontier Field
Rochester, New York		Non-conference
NCAA Div III		Nazareth Golden Flyers
(men)		2–3Geneseo Knights
(men)		1,000[92]
OJHLBuffalo Jr. Sabres4–5St. Michael's Buzzers1,173[93]
NHL/AHL AlumniRochester Americans
alumni		5–3Buffalo Sabres
alumni		N/AGame played in two halves[89]
December 16, 20132013 Hockeytown Winter FestivalUnited States Comerica Park
Detroit, Michigan		OUAWindsor Lancers2–5Western Mustangs1,000[94]
December 22, 2013Winter Game 2013France Stade des Alpes
Grenoble, France		Ligue MagnusGrenoble Brûleurs de Loups4–5Briançon Diables Rouges19,767Attendance record for a game between two French teams
December 27, 20132013 Hockeytown Winter FestivalUnited States Comerica Park
Detroit, Michigan		NCAAMichigan Tech Huskies
(men)		3–2
(SO)		Michigan State Spartans
(men)		25,449
Michigan Wolverines
(men)		2–3
(OT)		Western Michigan Broncos
(men)		25,449
December 28, 2013Frozen Fenway 2014United States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts		Atlantic HockeyBentley Falcons
(men)		3–2Holy Cross Crusaders
(men)		3,898[95]
2013 Hockeytown Winter FestivalUnited States Comerica Park
Detroit, Michigan		NCAAMichigan Wolverines
(men)		0–3Michigan State Spartans
(men)		26,052
Western Michigan Broncos
(men)		1–0
(OT)		Michigan Tech Huskies
(men)
December 29, 2013OHL
(CHL)		Saginaw Spirit5–6Windsor Spitfires25,749Set OHL and CHL attendance record[96]
Plymouth Whalers2–1
(SO)		London Knights26,384Reset OHL and CHL attendance record[96]
December 30, 2013AHLGrand Rapids Griffins3–4
(SO)		Toronto Marlies20,337
December 31, 2013NHL AlumniDetroit Red Wings
alumni		5–4Toronto Maple Leafs
alumni		33,425[97]
6–5
(SO)		[97]
January 1, 20142014 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Michigan Stadium
Ann Arbor, Michigan		NHLDetroit Red Wings2–3
(SO)		Toronto Maple Leafs105,491 (announced)
< 104,173 (certified)		National Hockey League attendance record[98][99]
January 4, 2014Frozen Fenway 2014United States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts		Hockey EastMerrimack Warriors
(men)		1–1Providence Friars
(men)		31,569[100]
Boston College Eagles
(men)		4–3Notre Dame Fighting Irish
(men)		31,569[100]
January 7, 2014Non-conference
NCAA Div III		Salem State Vikings
(men)		2–4UMass Boston Beacons
(men)		1,133[101]
NESCACWilliams Ephs
(men)		4–2Trinity Bantams
(men)		4,132[102]
January 9, 2014ECAC EastBabson Beavers
(men)		0–1Norwich Cadets
(men)		1,200[103]
January 11, 2014Hockey EastNortheastern Huskies
(men)		4–1UMass Lowell River Hawks
(men)		25,580[104]
Boston University Terriers
(men)		3–7Maine Black Bears
(men)		25,580[105]
2014 NLA Winter ClassicSwitzerland Stade de Genève
Geneva, Switzerland		NLAGenève-Servette HC0–1
(OT)		Lausanne Hockey Club29,400[106]
January 17, 20142014 Hockey City ClassicUnited States TCF Bank Stadium
Minneapolis, Minnesota		WCHAMinnesota Golden Gophers
(women)		4–0Minnesota State Mavericks
(women)		6,623[107]
Big TenMinnesota Golden Gophers
(men)		1–0Ohio State Buckeyes
(men)		45,021[108]
January 19, 2014Russian ClassicRussia Central Stadium
Chelyabinsk, Russia		VHLChelmet Chelyabinsk2–5Lada Togliatti9,200[109]
January 25, 20142014 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Dodger Stadium
Los Angeles, California		NHLLos Angeles Kings0–3Anaheim Ducks54,099[110]
January 26, 2014United States Yankee Stadium
New York, New York		New Jersey Devils3–7New York Rangers[lower-alpha 2]50,105[111]
January 29, 2014New York Islanders1–2New York Rangers[lower-alpha 2]50,027[111]
March 1, 20142014 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Soldier Field
Chicago, Illinois		Chicago Blackhawks5–1Pittsburgh Penguins62,921[112]
2014 TalviklassikkoFinland Helsinki Olympic Stadium
Helsinki, Finland		LiigaJokerit1–2HIFK23,485[113]
March 2, 20142014 Heritage ClassicCanada BC Place
Vancouver, British Columbia		NHLVancouver Canucks2–4Ottawa Senators54,194BC Place's retractable roof was closed due to weather concerns.[112]
December 18, 20142015 Slovenian Winter ClassicSlovenia Republic Square Open Ice Rink
Ljubljana, Slovenia		Slovenian Ice Hockey LeagueHDD Olimpija Ljubljana2–1HDD Jesenice3,500[114]
December 27, 2014Toledo Walleye WinterfestUnited States Fifth Third Field
Toledo, Ohio		ECHLToledo Walleye1–2Kalamazoo Wings11,222First Outdoor game in ECHL history[115]
January 1, 20152015 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Nationals Park
Washington, D.C.		NHLWashington Capitals3–2Chicago Blackhawks42,832
January 3, 2015Toledo Walleye WinterfestUnited States Fifth Third Field
Toledo, Ohio		NCAABowling Green Falcons
(men)		2–2Robert Morris Colonials
(men)		3,806[116]
ECHLToledo Walleye2–3
(SO)		Fort Wayne Komets11,081[115]
2015 EBEL Winter ClassicAustria Wörthersee Stadion
Klagenfurt, Austria		EBELEC KAC1–4EC VSV29,700
January 10, 20152015 DEL Winter GameGermany ESPRIT arena
Düsseldorf, Germany		DELDEG3–2Kölner Haie51,125European league-game attendance record[117]
January 23, 20152015 QMJHL Winter ClassicCanada Grandes Estrades Coors Banquet
Saint-Tite, Quebec		QMJHL
(CHL)		Shawinigan Cataractes4–2Victoriaville Tigres5,996[118]
January 24, 2015Shawinigan Cataractes2–3Quebec Remparts7,323[118]
February 7, 20152015 Hockey City ClassicUnited States Soldier Field
Chicago, Illinois		NCHCWestern Michigan Broncos
(men)		3–4Miami RedHawks
(men)		22,751
Big TenMichigan State Spartans
(men)		1–4Michigan Wolverines
(men)		22,751
February 14, 2015Russian ClassicRussia Sputnik Stadium
Nizhny Tagil, Russia		VHLSputnik Nizhny Tagil0–4Yuzhny Ural Orsk9,000[109]
February 21, 20152015 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Levi's Stadium
Santa Clara, California		NHLSan Jose Sharks1–2Los Angeles Kings70,205[119]
December 18, 2015Golden State Hockey RushUnited States Raley Field
West Sacramento, California		AHLStockton Heat3–2Bakersfield Condors9,357Postponed from December 17, 2015 due to rain[120]
December 31, 20152016 Outdoor Women's ClassicUnited States Gillette Stadium
Foxborough, Massachusetts		NWHL/CWHLBoston Pride1–1Les CanadiennesUnknownFirst professional women's outdoor game[121]
2016 NHL Winter Classic Alumni GameNHL AlumniBoston Bruins alumni5–4
(SO)		Montreal Canadiens alumni
January 1, 20162016 NHL Winter ClassicNHLBoston Bruins1–5Montreal Canadiens67,246[122]
January 3, 2016Brno Hockey Games 2016Czech Republic Stadium Za Lužánkami
Brno, Czech Republic		ELHKometa Brno5–2Škoda Plzeň18,514
January 8, 2016Kometa Brno2–4Sparta Praha21,502Set the new ELH attendance record
January 9, 20162016 DEL2 Winter DerbyGermany Stadion Dresden
Dresden, Germany		DEL2Dresdner Eislöwen4–3
(OT)		Lausitzer Füchse31,853German second league (DEL2) attendance record
February 20, 2016Battle on BlakeUnited States Coors Field
Denver, Colorado		NCHCDenver Pioneers
(men)		4–1Colorado College Tigers
(men)		35,144NCHC attendance record
February 21, 20162016 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States TCF Bank Stadium
Minneapolis, Minnesota		NHLMinnesota Wild6–1Chicago Blackhawks50,426
February 27, 2016United States Coors Field
Denver, Colorado		Colorado Avalanche3–5Detroit Red Wings50,095
September 10, 20162016 DEL2 Summer GameGermany Commerzbank Arena
Frankfurt, Germany		DEL2Löwen Frankfurt4–5
(OT)		Kassel Huskies30,000[123]
October 23, 20162016 NHL Heritage ClassicCanada Investors Group Field
Winnipeg, Manitoba		NHLWinnipeg Jets0–3Edmonton Oilers33,240[124]
December 16, 2016Ulkojäät 2016Finland Tampere, FinlandLiigaIlves3–4
(OT)		Tappara11,000
December 17, 2016Ilves3–2
(OT)		HIFK8,500
December 28, 2016Karácsonyi HOKIBULI Winter Game 2016Hungary Városligeti Műjégpálya
Budapest, Hungary		EBELSAPA Fehérvár AV 192–8EC Red Bull Salzburg4,253[125]
December 29, 2016MOL LigaÚjpesti TE4–1HSC Csíkszereda2,000
MAC Budapest6–3DVTK Jegesmedvék3,050
December 30, 2016EBELSAPA Fehérvár AV 195–2EC KAC4,242[126]
Winter Game 2016France Parc Olympique Lyonnais
Décines-Charpieu, France		Ligue MagnusLyon Lions2–5Grenoble
Brûleurs de Loups		25,182Tickets distributed;
Official French ice hockey attendance record		[127][128]
January 1, 2017NHL Centennial ClassicCanada BMO Field
Toronto, Ontario		NHLToronto Maple Leafs4–3
(OT)		Detroit Red Wings40,148
January 2, 20172017 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Busch Stadium
St. Louis, Missouri		St. Louis Blues4–1Chicago Blackhawks46,556
January 7, 20172017 DEL Winter GameGermany Rhein-Neckar-Arena
Sinsheim, Germany		DELSchwenninger Wild Wings3–7Adler Mannheim25,022
2017 AHL Outdoor ClassicUnited States Memorial Stadium
Bakersfield, California		AHLBakersfield Condors3–2
(OT)		Ontario Reign12,330
January 8, 2017Frozen Fenway 2017United States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts		Hockey EastBoston University Terriers
(men)		5–3UMass Minutemen
(men)		19,547[129]
Boston College Eagles
(men)		3–1Providence Friars
(men)		19,547
January 14, 2017New Hampshire Wildcats
(men)		2–2Northeastern Huskies
(men)		37,949
Connecticut Huskies
(men)		0–4Maine Black Bears
(men)		16,432
January 21, 20172017 GET-ligaen Winter ClassicNorway Fredrikstad Stadion
Fredrikstad, Norway		GET-ligaenStjernen Hockey0–3Sparta Warriors12,500
February 25, 20172017 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Heinz Field
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania		NHLPittsburgh Penguins4–2Philadelphia Flyers67,318[130]
December 2, 2017Helsinki Ice ChallengeFinland Kaisaniemi Park
Helsinki, Finland		KHL/LiigaJokerit3–4SKA Saint Petersburg17,645First outdoor regular season game in KHL history
Set the new KHL attendance record		[131][132]
December 5, 2017HIFK3–4
(OT)		Oulun Kärpät16,000
December 16, 2017NHL 100 ClassicCanada TD Place Stadium
Ottawa, Ontario		NHLOttawa Senators3–0Montreal Canadiens33,959
December 17, 201767:50 Outdoor GameOHL/QMJHL
(CHL)		Ottawa 67's1–4Gatineau Olympiques11,671First OHL outdoor game to be played in Ontario.
Also the first outdoor game to feature a team from both the OHL and QMJHL		[133][134]
December 29, 20172018 WJHCUnited States New Era Field
Orchard Park, New York		IIHF WJHCUnited States men's national junior ice hockey team4–3
(SO)		Canada men's national junior ice hockey team44,592First ever outdoor game played during an IIHF Junior World Championship at the Top Division[135][136]
January 1, 20182018 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Citi Field
Queens, New York		NHLBuffalo Sabres2–3
(OT)		New York Rangers[lower-alpha 2]41,821[137]
January 20, 2018Winter Ice BreakLatvia Riga City Council Sports Complex
Riga, Latvia		KHLDinamo Riga2–3Dinamo Minsk10,554First outdoor hockey game played in Latvia
Second outdoor regular season game in KHL history		[138]
2018 AHL Outdoor ClassicUnited States Hersheypark Stadium
Hershey, Pennsylvania		AHLHershey Bears2–5Lehigh Valley Phantoms13,091
January 28, 2018Russian ClassicRussia Central Stadium
Kurgan, Russia		VHLZauralie Kurgan0–4Rubin Tyumen3,000[139]
February 9, 20182018 QMJHL Winter ClassicCanada La Patinoire Victor-Pepin
Drummondville, Quebec		QMJHL
(CHL)		Drummondville Voltigeurs4–1Sherbrooke Phoenix4,284[140][141]
February 10, 2018Drummondville Voltigeurs0–2Victoriaville Tigres5,432[142][143]
March 3, 20182018 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium
Annapolis, Maryland		NHLWashington Capitals5–2Toronto Maple Leafs29,516[144]
January 1, 20192019 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Notre Dame Stadium
Notre Dame, Indiana		NHLChicago Blackhawks2–4Boston Bruins76,126[145]
January 2, 2019 2019 Tatzen-Derby Switzerland Stade de Suisse
Bern, Switzerland		 NLA SCL Tigers 1–4 SC Bern Although the game was played at Stade de Suisse in Bern, the SCL Tigers hosted the game as the home team [146][147]
January 5, 2019Big Ten HockeyUnited States Notre Dame Stadium
Notre Dame, Indiana		B1G TenNotre Dame2–4Michigan23,422[148]
January 12, 2019 2019 DEL Winter Game Germany RheinEnergieStadion Cologne, Germany DEL Kölner Haie 2–3 (OT) DEG 47,011 [149]
February 3, 2019 2019 Winter Classic Games Slovakia Štadión SNP

Banská Bystrica, Slovakia

 Tipsport liga HC Banská Bystrica 2–3 HKM Zvolen 7,500 First outdoor game in Slovakia; a legends game was held at the arena the day before the game. Team Tipsport defeated Team Kaufland 23–21. [150][151][152]
February 8, 20192019 QMJHL Winter ClassicCanada Grandes Estrades Coors Banquet
Saint-Tite, Quebec		QMJHL
(CHL)		Shawinigan Cataractes0–4Rimouski Oceanic4 508[118]
February 9, 2019Shawinigan Cataractes5–1Quebec Remparts5,587[118]
February 23, 20192019 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Lincoln Financial Field
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania		NHLPhiladelphia Flyers4–3
(OT)		Pittsburgh Penguins69,620[153]
October 26, 20192019 NHL Heritage ClassicCanada Mosaic Stadium
Regina, Saskatchewan		NHLWinnipeg Jets2–1
(OT)		Calgary Flames33,518First outdoor NHL game to be played in a neutral site territory that is not formally part of an NHL market[154]
October 27, 20192019 WHL Prairie ClassicWHLRegina Pats4–5
(OT)		Calgary Hitmen15,401[155]
December 14, 2019 2019 DEL2 Winter Derby Germany Sparda-Bank-Hessen-Stadion Offenbach, Germany DEL2 EC Bad Nauheim 2–3 (SO) Löwen Frankfurt 15,146 [156]
January 1, 20202020 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Cotton Bowl Stadium
Dallas, Texas		NHLDallas Stars4–2Nashville Predators85,630
January 4, 2020 2020 Hockey Open Air Germany Rudolf-Harbig-Stadion Dresden, Germany DEL2 Dresdner Eislöwen 5–3 Lausitzer Füchse 32,009 [157]
ELH Sparta Prague 3–2 HC Verva Litvínov 32,009 [158]
February 15, 20202020 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Falcon Stadium
Air Force Academy, Colorado		NHLColorado Avalanche1–3Los Angeles Kings43,574
February 20, 2021NHL Outdoors at Lake TahoeUnited States Edgewood Tahoe Resort
Stateline, Nevada		NHLColorado Avalanche3–2Vegas Golden KnightsN/AGames played without spectators[159]
February 21, 2021Boston Bruins7–3Philadelphia FlyersN/A[159]
December 26, 2021 Toledo Walleye Winterfest Fifth Third Field

Toledo, Ohio

 ECHL Kalamazoo Wings 3–2 (SO) Toledo Walleye 11,231
December 31, 2021 Toledo Walleye Winterfest Fifth Third Field

Toledo, Ohio

 ECHL Indy Fuel Toledo Walleye
January 1, 20222022 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Target Field
Minneapolis, Minnesota		NHLMinnesota Wild4–6St. Louis Blues38,519[160]
January 22, 2022Hockey Day MinnesotaUnited States Blakeslee Stadium
Mankato, Minnesota		CCHAMinnesota State MavericksSt. Thomas Tommies[161]
February 26, 20222022 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Nissan Stadium
Nashville, Tennessee		NHLNashville Predators2–3Tampa Bay Lightning68,619
March 13, 20222022 NHL Heritage ClassicCanada Tim Hortons Field
Hamilton, Ontario		NHLBuffalo Sabres5–2Toronto Maple Leafs26,119
March 14, 20222022 OHL Outdoor ShowcaseOHLHamilton Bulldogs3–0Oshawa Generals12,587
December 3, 20222022 DEL Winter GameGermany RheinEnergie Stadion
Cologne, Germany		DELKölner Haie4-2Adler Mannheim[162]
December 10, 2022 Cologne Stadium Series 2. Liga Nord Kölner Haie 2-1 EC Bergisch Land Germanys first woman outdoor games [163][164]
DNL Kölner Haie 7-2 Eisbären Juniors Berlin [165]
December 17, 20222022 Eishockey Open AirGermany Heinz-von-Heiden Arena
Hanover, Germany		Oberliga NordHannover Indians2-5Hannover Scorpions35,000[166][167]
December 22, 2022 Cologne Stadium Series Germany RheinEnergie Stadion
Cologne, Germany		 DEL Kölner Haie 1-2 Fischtown Pinguins [168]
January 2, 20232023 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts		NHLBoston Bruins2–1Pittsburgh Penguins39,243[169]
January 6, 2023Frozen Fenway 2023ECAC HockeyHarvard Crimson
(women)		1–3Quinnipiac Bobcats
(women)		391[170]
Hockey EastBoston University Terriers
(women)		2–3Holy Cross Crusaders
(women)		2,800[171]
January 7, 2023Northeastern Huskies
(men)		4–1Connecticut Huskies
(men)		22,500[172]
UMass Minutemen
(men)		2–4Boston College Eagles
(men)		[173]
January 8, 2023 Cologne Stadium Series Germany RheinEnergie Stadion
Cologne, Germany		 DEL Kölner Haie 5-2 Augsburger Panther [168]
January 13, 20232023 Kaufland Winter GamesSlovakia Tehelné pole
Bratislava, Slovakia		Czech ExtraligaOceláři Třinec6–1Kometa Brno11,367
January 14, 2023Tipos ExtraligaHK Dukla Trenčín2–1HKM Zvolen7,776
January 15, 2023HC Slovan Bratislava3–1HC Košice14,244
February 18, 2023Faceoff on the LakeUnited States FirstEnergy Stadium
Cleveland, Ohio		Big TenOhio State4–2Michigan45,523[174]
February 18, 20232023 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States Carter–Finley Stadium
Raleigh, North Carolina		NHLCarolina Hurricanes4–1Washington Capitals56,961[175]
March 4, 2023Cleveland Monsters Outdoor ClassicUnited States FirstEnergy Stadium
Cleveland, Ohio		AHLCleveland Monsters3-2 (OT)Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins22,875[176]
October 29, 20232023 NHL Heritage ClassicCanada Commonwealth Stadium
Edmonton, Alberta		NHLEdmonton Oilers5-2Calgary Flames55,411[177]
January 1, 20242024 NHL Winter ClassicUnited States T-Mobile Park
Seattle, Washington		NHLSeattle Kraken3–0Vegas Golden Knights47,313[178]
January 13, 2024Queen City Outdoor ClassicUnited States Truist Field
Charlotte, North Carolina		AHLCharlotte CheckersRochester Americans[179]
February 17, 20242024 NHL Stadium SeriesUnited States MetLife Stadium
East Rutherford, New Jersey		NHLNew Jersey DevilsPhiladelphia Flyers[180]
February 18, 2024New York IslandersNew York Rangers[180]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The SEL Outdoor Classic was renamed the SHL Outdoor Classic due to the league name change in June 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 The Rangers were designated as the visiting team for their outdoor games held in New York City as a legal fiction; their home arena, Madison Square Garden, receives tax-exempt status, but only if the Rangers do not "cease playing" home games at MSG, generally interpreted as playing any "home" game outside of MSG.

References

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  111. 1 2 "Yankee Stadium to host Rangers, Devils, Isles in 2014".
  112. 1 2 "Hawks to host Pens outside as part of Stadium Series".
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