Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region
陝甘寧邊區
Rump state of the Chinese Soviet Republic
1937–1950

Map of Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region.
CapitalYan'an (1937–47, 1948-49)
Xi'an (1949–50)
Area 
• 1937
134,500 km2 (51,900 sq mi)
Population 
• 1937
1,500,000
Government
Chairman 
• 1937–1948
Lin Boqu
Deputy Chairman 
• 1937–1938
Zhang Guotao
• 1938–1945
Gao Zili
Historical eraChinese Civil War
• Established
6 September 1937
• Disestablished
19 January 1950
Today part ofChina

The Yan'an Soviet was a soviet governed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the 1930s and 1940s.[1] In October 1936 it became the final destination of the Long March, and served as the CCP's main base until after the Second Sino-Japanese War.[2]: 632  After the CCP and the Kuomintang (KMT) formed the Second United Front in 1937, the Yan'an Soviet was officially reconstituted as the Shaan–Gan–Ning Border Region (traditional Chinese: 陝甘寧邊區; simplified Chinese: 陕甘宁边区; pinyin: Shǎn-Gān-Níng Biānqū; lit. 'Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region').[lower-alpha 1][3]

It was one of the two border region governments with the capital at Yan'an, and included parts of the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Suiyuan.[lower-alpha 2] The other region was the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Area, which included parts of Shanxi, Chahar, and Hebei.

Although not on the front lines of the Chinese War of Resistance against Japan, the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region was the most politically important and influential Base Area due to its function as the de facto capital of the Communist movement.[4]: 129  The Eighth Route Army established its first film production group in the Yan'an Soviet during September 1938.[5]: 69 

Notes

  1. ↑ Postal romanization: Shen–Kan–Ning. The name comes from the Chinese abbreviations of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia provinces.
  2. ↑ Suiyuan is no longer a province; the area governed by the Yan'an Soviet that was part of Suiyuan is now part of Inner Mongolia.

References

  1. ↑ "The Yan'an Soviet". 18 September 2019.
  2. ↑ Van Slyke, Lyman (1986). "The Chinese Communist movement during the Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945". In Fairbank, John K.; Feuerwerker, Albert (eds.). Republican China 1912–1949, Part 2. The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. pp. 609–722. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521243384.013. ISBN 9781139054805.
  3. ↑ Saich, Tony; Van De Ven, Hans J. (2015-03-04). "The Blooming Poppy under the Red Sun: The Yan'an Way and the Opium Trade". New Perspectives on the Chinese Revolution (0 ed.). Routledge. pp. 263–297. doi:10.4324/9781315702124. ISBN 978-1-317-46391-7. OCLC 904437646.
  4. ↑ Opper, Marc (2020). People's Wars in China, Malaya, and Vietnam. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. doi:10.3998/mpub.11413902. ISBN 978-0-472-90125-8. JSTOR 10.3998/mpub.11413902.
  5. ↑ Li, Jie (2023). Cinematic Guerillas: Propaganda, Projectionists, and Audiences in Socialist China. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231206273.
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