Jun Ye
Jun Ye in 2015
Born	1967 (age 56–57) Shanghai, China
Alma mater	Shanghai Jiao Tong University (B.S.); University of New Mexico (M.S.); University of Colorado at Boulder (Ph.D.)
Known for	Atomic clocks, ultracold molecules, precision spectroscopy, frequency combs
Awards	Department of Commerce Gold Medal (2001, 2011, 2014) Arthur S. Flemming Award (2005) Carl Zeiss Research Award (2007) William F. Meggers Award (2007) I.I. Rabi Prize in Atomic, Molecular or Optical Physics (2007) Elected to the National Academy of Sciences (2011) Presidential Rank Award (2015) Norman F. Ramsey Prize in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, and in Precision Tests of Fundamental Laws and Symmetries (2019) Micius Quantum Prize (2020) Niels Bohr Institute Medal of Honour (2021) Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics (2022)
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	National Institute of Standards and Technology; JILA; University of Colorado at Boulder
Doctoral advisor	John L. Hall

NIST physicist Jun Ye adjusts the laser setup for a strontium atomic clock in his laboratory at JILA in 2009.

Jun Ye (Chinese: 叶军; pinyin: Yè Jūn; born 1967) is a Chinese-American physicist at JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado Boulder, working primarily in the field of atomic, molecular and optical physics.

Education & career

Ye was born in Shanghai, China, shortly after the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. His father was a naval officer and his mother an environmental scientist. He was primarily raised by his grandmother.^[1] Ye graduated with a bachelor's degree in physics from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1989. He then moved to the United States to commence graduate studies, completing a master's degree at the University of New Mexico under Marlan Scully in theoretical quantum optics in 1991. He also gained experience in experimental physics under John McInerney working on semiconductor lasers, and spent a summer at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.^[1]

Ye then went to the University of Colorado Boulder to begin a Ph.D. in physics. He was accepted as the last graduate student of eventual Nobel Prize laureate John L. Hall. His thesis was on high-resolution and high-sensitivity molecular spectroscopy, which he completed in 1997.^[2] He then moved to California Institute of Technology as a Milikan Postdoctoral Fellow, working under Jeff Kimble.^[3]

Ye moved back to Boulder and JILA as a JILA Associate Fellow and NIST physicist in 1999. John Hall donated most of his lab space to him.^[1] He was promoted to full Fellow in 2001 and has been there since, establishing a research program in AMO physics and precision measurement.^[4]

Research

Ye's research focuses on ultracold atoms, ultracold molecules, and laser-based precision measurement. His group has built record breaking very precise experimental optical atomic clocks. In 2017 Ye's JILA group reported an experimental 3D quantum gas strontium optical lattice clock in which strontium-87 atoms are packed into a tiny three-dimensional (3-D) cube at 1,000 times the density of previous one-dimensional (1-D) clocks, like the 2015 JILA clock. A synchronous clock comparison between two regions of the 3D lattice yielded a record level of synchronization of 5 × 10⁻¹⁹ in 1 hour of averaging time.^[5] The 3D quantum gas strontium optical lattice clock uses an unusual state of matter called a degenerate Fermi gas (a quantum gas for Fermi particles). The experimental data showed the 3D quantum gas clock achieved a precision of 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁹ in about two hours. In 2018 JILA reported that the 3D quantum gas clock reached a frequency precision of 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁹ over 6 hours.^[6][7]

Such clocks could potentially be used for research into variations in the Earth's gravitational field, searching for particles of dark matter, performing quantum simulations of many-body physics, and investigating the fundamental nature of light and matter.^[8][9] He also conducts research on strontium for experiments in quantum information science (collaborating with Mikhail Lukin, Ana Maria Rey, Peter Zoller, and others).^[10]

Ye's other research focuses include ultrastable lasers (which are essential for the mechanics of his atomic clock), frequency combs, and molecular spectroscopy.^[10] In 2012, a collaboration between his group and Uwe Sterr's group at PTB in Germany successfully constructed the world's stablest laser.^[11] He pioneered the development of direct frequency comb spectroscopy, and also collaborates with Eric Cornell on an experiment aiming to measure the electric dipole moment of the electron using trapped ions.^[12]

Ye has also leveraged his interests in high-precision lasers to expand his research into medicine. With the work of JILA and NIST Fellow David Nesbitt, Ye and his team have used frequency comb lasers as a type of "breathalyzer," which can measure individual molecules within an individual's breath. This could have significant applications for testing for infectious diseases such as COVID-19 or for the presence of alcohol.

Popularization of science

Ye appeared in the 2018 Netflix documentary The Most Unknown^[13] on scientific research directed by Ian Cheney.

Honors and awards

Ye has received numerous awards in the field of science, particularly AMO physics. These include:

• the Adolph Lomb Medal of OSA in 1999
• the Arthur S. Flemming Award for outstanding federal employees in 2005,^[14]
• the Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award from the Humboldt Foundation in 2006^[15]
• the William F. Meggers Award of the Optical Society of America in 2006,^[16]
• the Carl Zeiss Research Award in 2007^[17]
• the I. I. Rabi Prize in AMO Physics from the APS in 2007.^[18]
• five Gold Medals from the US Department of Commerce: for frequency combs (2001),^[19] ultracold molecules (2011),^[20] atomic clocks (2014, 2019,^[21] and 2022^[22]).^[23]
• the Samuel Wesley Stratton Award in 2006
• the Jacob Rabinow applied research award in 2017 from NIST.
• the 2019 Norman F. Ramsey Prize of the APS for his ground-breaking contributions to precision measurements and the quantum control of atomic and molecular systems, including atomic clocks.^[24]
• the 2022 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.^[25]
• the Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics in 2021^[26]
• the Niels Bohr Institute Medal of Honor in 2022
• the Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship from the Department of Defense in 2022

In 2015, President Obama selected Jun Ye to receive a Presidential Rank Award for “sustained extraordinary accomplishment”, citing his work advancing "the frontier of light-matter interaction and focusing on precision measurement, quantum physics and ultracold matter, optical frequency metrology, and ultrafast science."^[27] He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society^[28] and a Fellow of the Optical Society of America. In 2011 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences,^[29] and also named a Frew Fellow from the Australian Academy of Science. In 2017, Ye was elected as a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.^[30]

He is one of the most highly cited researchers in experimental atomic physics in the world, having according to Google Scholar a h-index of 120 (As of 2022)^[31] and being regularly named as a Thomson-Reuters (ISI) Highly Cited Researcher.^[32]

Ye also holds four U.S. Patents for frequency combs and laser technology.

References