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Battle of Poltava by Pierre-Denis Martin
Incumbents
Events
- 24 January - The Central Naval Museum was established.
 - 20-22 February - Swedish forces win the Battle of Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye
 - 30 June - Swedish forces surrender at Perevolochna
 - 8 July - Russians win the Battle of Poltava, halting the Swedish invasion of Russia.
 - 9 October - Treaty of Thorn (1709) between Russia and Poland-Lithuania.
 
Births
- 29 December - Elizabeth of Russia
 
Deaths
- 28 October - Demetrius of Rostov
 
References
 Media related to 1709 in Russia at Wikimedia Commons
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