This is a list of the first qualified female pharmacists to practice in each country, where that is known.

Please note: the list should foremost contain the first female pharmacist with a formal qualification from each country. Historically, it was normal for widows of apothecaries and pharmacist to inherit their late husband's profession without being formally qualified. These cases – and other of note – can be noted in the margin, but should not be listed first.

Africa

Country Pharmacist Year
 Benin C. Oviasu (née Ukponmwan)[1]
 Cameroon Jeanne Ngo Maï[2] 1962
 Cape Verde Judite (Judith) Lima[3] c. 1961
 Ghana Sackey Nee Vanderpuye[4]
 Ivory Coast Hortense Aka-Anghui[5]
 Liberia Clavenda Parker[6]
 Libya Wedad Muhammad Al-Senussi Al-Saqzli[7] 1961
 Mali Rokia Sanogo[8] 1989
 Morocco Fatima Al-Zahra Al-Warzazi[9] 1912
 Namibia Lahya Hafeni, Anastancia Aluvilu, Fundisile Msibi, Tumo Pelekekae[10] 2015
 Nigeria Oreoluwa Green*[11] 1916
 South Africa Lily Heymann[12] 1916
 Togo Abra Amédome[13]
 Tunisia Lucia Campisi[14] (born in Italy)
 Uganda Catherine Kisumba[15] 1960
 Zimbabwe Nora Price[16][17] (born in Wales; country then known as Rhodesia)
  • Namibia: There might be more female graduates, as the names listed were the only women named in the cited article.
  • Nigeria: Green is considered to have been the first female pharmacist in West Africa. Ekanem Bassey Ikpeme was considered the first native female pharmacist in Nigeria.[18]
  • Tunisia: Dorra Bouzid is considered the first female pharmacist in Tunisia after independence. She started her practice sometime during the 1960s.[19]

Americas

Country Pharmacist Year
 Argentina Élida Passo[20] 1885
 Bahamas Gertrude Burnside[21]
 Bolivia Rosa Mercedes Guerra[22] 1921
 Brazil Maria Luiza Torrezão[23] 1887
 Canada A. Adrienne Preevoot[24] 1901
 Chile Griselda Hinojosa[25] 1889
 Costa Rica Felícitas Chaverri Matamoros[26] 1917
 Cuba María Dolores Marty and Eloisa Figueroa Marty[27] 1886
 Curaçao Dymphna van heb Elizabeths-Gasthu[28] 1911
 Dominican Republic Encarnación Piñeyro[29][30]
 El Salvador Mercedes Amanda Martínez and Margarita Lanza[31] 1930
 Guatemala Olimpia Altuve[32] 1919
 Guyana Raymonde Horth[33] 1905
 Honduras Corina Barahona[34] 1931
 Mexico Esther Luque Muñoz[35] c. 1906
 Nicaragua Elba Ochomogo Portocarrero de Hernandez[36] 1922
 Peru Nicolasa Butler[37] 1839
 Suriname Esseline Juliette Polanen[38] 1936
 Trinidad and Tobago Amy Cox Rochford[39] c. 1927
 United States Susan Hayhurst[40][41] 1883
 Venezuela María Fernández Bawden[42] 1927
  • Canada: Preevoot was considered the first Canadian woman to pass the pharmacy exam by law.
  • Chile: Glafira Vargas was the first female to graduate with a pharmacy degree in 1887, though Hinojosa appears to be the first female to work as a pharmacist upon graduation.[43][44]
  • Curaçao: van heb Elizabeths-Gasthu was said to have been the first woman to have passed the exam for an assistant pharmacist in the colony.
  • Guatemala: Altuve is considered the first Central American woman to have obtained a university degree.
  • United States: Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf was the first not formally qualified pharmacist to practice in 1727.[45] Hayhust was the first woman to receive a pharmacy degree in the United States in 1883. Ella P. Stewart was one of the first African-American female pharmacists in the United States.[46][47]

Asia

Country Pharmacist Year
 Azerbaijan Mahbuba Valiyeva[48] 1971
 Bahrain Layla Ahmed Abdulrahman[49]
 India Sneh Rani Jain[50]
 Indonesia Charlotte Jacobs[51] 1879
 Iraq Josephine Bourjouni and Rahima Youssef[52] 1940
 Iran Aqdas Gharbi and Akhtar Ferdows[53] 1941
 Israel Sarah Mel[54]
 Japan Naoe Okamoto[55] 1885
 Jordan Nabila Shoura Irsheidat[56] c. 1950s
 Korea Cha Soon-seok[57] 1924
 Lebanon Zahie Barakat[58] 1928
   Nepal Bijay Laxmi Shrestha[59]
 Oman Batool Jaffer[60] 1977
 Pakistan Nasima Jamil[61][62][63] c. 1967
 Philippines Filomena Francisco and Matilde S. Arquiza[64] 1908
 Qatar Zakia Malallah[65]
 Saudi Arabia Samira bint Ibrahim Islam[66] 1982
 Singapore Lucy Wan[67][68] 1958
 Syria Najah Saati[69] 1949
 Taiwan Lin Caisan[70] 1951
 Thailand Prasit Prakobnil[71]
 United Arab Emirates Suhaila Al-Awadi[69]
 Vietnam Pham Thi Hao[72][73]

Europe

Country Pharmacist Year
 Albania Emili Dishnica Gliozheni[74] (then known as Socialist Albania) 1961
 Austria Gisela Kun[75] c. 1906
 Belarus H-B. Geronimus (Taubina)[76]
 Belgium Jeanne Rademackers[77][78] 1885
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajka Ljubica Jokanovic[79] 1914
 Bulgaria Anna Belizarova Yakova[80] 1911
 Croatia Vjera Rojc Katušić[81] 1913
 Czech Republic Ruzena Krontilová-Librova[82] (then known as Czechoslovakia) 1904
 Denmark Charlotte Schou and Nielsine Schousen[83] 1896
 Estonia Alma Tomingas[84] 1933
 Finland Hilda Amanda Brunberg[85] 1874
 France Hélina Leiannier-Gaboriau[86] 1898
 Germany Magdalena Neff[87] 1906
 Greece Polymnia Panagiotidou[88] 1899
 Hungary Erzsébet Légrády[89] and Thinagel Szerafin[82] 1903
 Iceland Jóhanna Magnúsdóttir[90] 1928
 Ireland Christina Jesop Wilson[91] 1900
 Italy Dorina Crespi Andini[92] 1895
 Latvia Staņislava Dovgjallo[93]
 Lithuania Juzefa Girdzijevska[94] 1870
 Malta Caterina Vitale[95] 1590
 Netherlands Aaltje Visser[96] 1868
 North Macedonia Rajna Aleksova[97] 1906
 Norway Helga Eide[82] 1893
 Poland Antonina Leśniewska[98][99] 1884
 Portugal Maria Serpa dos Santos[100] 1947
 Romania Paulina Cruceanu[101] and Clara Colesin[82] 1892
 Russia Antonina Boleslavovna Lesnevskaya and Zinaida I. Akker[102] 1897
 Serbia Desanka Ruvidić Okoličanin[103] 1913
 Slovakia Ruzena Krontilová-Librova[82] (then known as Czechoslovakia) 1904
 Slovenia Emilija Fon[104] 1915
 Spain Dolores Rodriguez[82] 1893
 Sweden Märtha Leth[105] 1897
  Switzerland Clara Winnicki[106] 1905
 Turkey Fatma Belkis Derman[107] 1930
 Ukraine Anna Mikhailovna Makarova[108] 1892
 United Kingdom Frances Elizabeth Deacon[109] 1870
  • Belgium: Certain sources cite Louise Popelin (sister of Belgium's first female lawyer Marie Popelin) or Ida Huys as Belgium's first female pharmacist. They both completed their exams in 1887.[110][82]
  • Czech Republic and Slovakia: Other sources cited Elza Fantová as the first Bohemia woman to earn a pharmaceutical degree in 1908.[111] Krontilová-Librova started her pharmacy practice in 1904 and became the first female pharmacy student at the University of Prague in 1907 (graduating in 1909).
  • Finland: The first female pharmacist to qualify without dispensation in Finland was Helene Aejneleus in 1911. Brunberg was the first women to be qualified by dispensation.
  • Germany: Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony was a non-professional female pharmacist in Germany.[112] Helena Magenbuch and Maria Andreae were professional pharmacists in the 16th-century.
  • Ireland: Wilson was the first female pharmacist to qualify in the south of Ireland.
  • Italy: Elisa Gagnatelli and Edvige Moroni were the first women to pass the pharmacy exam in 1897.[82]
  • Netherlands: In the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies, Charlotte Jacobs became the first female pharmacist with a degree in 1879.[51]
  • Norway: Christine Dahl passed her assistant pharmacy exam in 1889, but Eide was considered the first female pharmacist.[82]
  • Poland: Although Lesniewska was considered the first female pharmacist, Filipina and Konstancja Studzinska (sisters) were the first women to pass the pharmacy examination in 1824.[82]
  • Russia: Olga Evgenevna Gabrilovich was the first female pharmacist to earn a degree in 1906.[113]
  • Sweden: Leth was the first female pharmacist to have fulfilled a formal qualification. Maria Dauerer was the first female pharmacist to have obtained a license.[114] The first woman to have obtained a degree in pharmacology was Agnes Arvidsson (1903).[115]
  • Ukraine: Makarova, a Kiev University (Ukraine) graduate, was the first woman to pass the examination for the title of pharmaceutical assistant.[108]

Oceania

Country Pharmacist Year
 Australia Caroline Copp[116][117] 1880
 Fiji Lila Thakerar[118] 1979
 New Zealand Elizabeth Robinson[119] 1881

See also

References

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