Cyclone Billy–Lila near peak strength off the western coast of Australia on 10 May 1986

An off-season Australian tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that existed in the Australian Region, between 90°E and 160°E, outside of the official season. The World Meteorological Organization currently defines the season as occurring between 1 November and 30 April, of the following year, which is when the majority of all tropical cyclones exist. During the off-season, systems are more likely to either develop during or persist until May, with approximately 52% of such storms occurring during that month. Occasionally, however, storms develop in October, with approximately 34% of such storms occurring during that month. As of 2022, there have been 94 tropical cyclones known to have occurred off-season.

Off-season cyclones are most likely to occur in the Coral Sea, with most affecting land in some way. Cumulatively, at least 4 deaths occurred due to the storms, the most recent off-season storm was a Tropical Cyclone 01U in July 2022.

Systems

The wind speeds listed are maximum ten-minute average sustained winds, while the pressure is the minimum barometric pressure, both of which are estimates taken from the archives of either Météo-France, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Fiji Meteorological Service, and New Zealand's MetService. If there are no known estimates of either the winds or pressure then the system is listed as "Not specified" under winds or pressure, if there is no known estimated winds or pressure. For deaths and damages "None" indicates that there were no reports of fatalities, although such storms may have impacted land. The damage totals are the United States dollar of the year of the storm.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)		 Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Unnamed4 – 8 May 1898Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedN/AN/AN/A
Unnamed7 – 10 July 1904Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNew South WalesNoneNone[1]
Unnamed25 April – 2 May 1908Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedWestern Australia, TasmaniaNoneNone[2]
Unnamed27 April – 2 May 1908Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedIndonesiaNoneNone[3]
Unnamed11–16 July 1912Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueensland, New ZealandNoneNone[4]
Unnamed14–20 May 1919Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNew ZealandNoneNone[5]
Unnamed1–2 July 1921Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[6]
Unnamed20–28 July 1921Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueensland, New ZealandNoneNone[7]
Unnamed1–6 October 1921Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueensland, New ZealandNoneNone[8]
Unnamed1–7 June 1925Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[9]
Unnamed1–6 May 1926Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[10]
05U15–20 May 1926Not specifiedNot specified999 hPa (29.50 inHg)QueenslandNoneNone[11][12]
Unnamed1–4 June 1929Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[13]
09U13–17 June 1929Not specifiedNot specified996 hPa (29.41 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
Unnamed1–4 July 1932Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[14]
Unnamed1–4 July 1934Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[15]
06U24–27 May 1935Not specifiedNot specified1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11][16]
Unnamed30 August – 3 September 1935Not specifiedNot specified999 hPa (29.50 inHg)QueenslandNoneNone[17]
03U28–30 May 1941Not specifiedNot specified999 hPa (29.50 inHg)QueenslandNoneNone[11]
09U29 April – 1 May 1948Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[11]
01U26–28 October 1952Not specifiedNot specified998 hPa (29.47 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11][18]
20U30 April – 1 May 1956Not specifiedNot specified994 hPa (29.35 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
01U29–30 August 1956Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNoneNoneNone[11]
02U26 October – 1 November 1956Not specifiedNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
32P4–15 June 1958Not specifiedNot specified988 hPa (29.18 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia
New Zealand		NoneNone[19]
18U4–12 June 1958Not specifiedNot specified986 hPa (29.12 inHg)QueenslandNoneNone[20]
33P19–22 June 1958Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[21]
24P24–29 May 1960Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[22]
15U15–21 July 1960Not specifiedNot specified995 hPa (29.38 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
49P3–9 May 1963Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedSolomon Islands, QueenslandNoneNone[23]
32U2–9 May 1963Not specifiedNot specified1007 hPa (29.74 inHg)Solomon Islands, QueenslandNoneNone[11][24]
33U6–13 May 1963Not specifiedNot specified1009 hPa (29.80 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
34U7–8 May 1963Not specifiedNot specified1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
35U7–14 May 1963Not specifiedNot specified1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
New Caledonia		NoneNone[11][25]
53P10–12 May 1963Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNew CaledoniaNoneNone[26]
37U22–25 June 1963Not specifiedNot specified1,001 hPa (29.56 inHg)New CaledoniaNoneNone[11][27]
38U23 June – 4 July 1963Not specifiedNot specified986 hPa (29.12 inHg)New CaledoniaNoneNone[11][28]
Esther26 April – 2 May 1969Not specifiedNot specified992 hPa (29.29 inHg)Papua New GuineaNoneNone[29]
Lulu4–9 May 1970UnknownUnknown996 hPa (29.41 inHg)Western AustraliaNoneNone[30]
32P22–23 June 1970Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNoneNoneNone[31]
Hannah7–11 May 1972Category 3 severe tropical cyclone130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Solomon Islands, Papua New GuineaNoneNone[32]
Ida30 May – 1 June 1972Category 3 severe tropical cyclone130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia[33]
Marcelle29 April – 9 May 1973Category 3 severe tropical cyclone130 km/h (80 mph)973 hPa (28.73 inHg)South-Western AustraliaNoneNone[34]
02P8–14 July 1973Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedQueenslandNoneNone[35]
Marcia17–25 October 1974Category 2 tropical cyclone95 km/h (60 mph)988 hPa (29.18 inHg)Cocos IslandNoneNone[36]
Unnamed17–19 October 1974Tropical depressionNot specifiedNot SpecifiedNoneNoneNone[36]
Norah28 October – 4 November 1974Category 2 tropical cyclone100 km/h (65 mph)981 hPa (28.97 inHg)Christmas Island, Cocos IslandNoneNone[37]
Denise19–25 May 1975Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)992 hPa (29.29 inHg)Cocos IslandMinorNone[38]
Carol3–9 May 1976Category 2 tropical cyclone95 km/h (60 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[39]
Verna28 April – 3 May 1977Category 3 severe tropical cyclone130 km/h (80 mph)973 hPa (28.73 inHg)Northern TerritoryNoneNone[40]
Kevin2–12 May 1979Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)NoneNoneNone[41][42]
Paddy25–30 May 1981Category 3 severe tropical cyclone120 km/h (75 mph)973 hPa (28.73 inHg)Western AustraliaNoneNone[43]
Alex19–27 October 1981Category 3 severe tropical cyclone150 km/h (90 mph)964 hPa (28.47 inHg)NoneNoneNone[44]
Claudia13–18 May 1982Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Solomon IslandsNoneNone[45][46]
Naomi21 April – 2 May 1983Category 3 severe tropical cyclone150 km/h (90 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)NoneNoneNone[47]
Oscar22 October – 1 November 1983Category 3 severe tropical cyclone140 km/h (85 mph)968 hPa (28.59 inHg)NoneNoneNone[48]
Billy –
Lila		5–12 May 1986Category 4 severe tropical cyclone175 km/h (110 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Western AustraliaNoneNone[49][50]
Namu15–22 May 1986Category 3 severe tropical cyclone150 km/h (90 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia$20 million63-150[51]
Meena1–10 May 1989Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Cape York PeninsulaNoneNone[52][53]
Ernie9 – 13 May 1989Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)998 hPa (29.47 inHg)Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New GunieaUnknownUnknown[54][55]
02S14–16 July 1989Tropical cycloneNot specifiedNot specifiedNoneNoneNone[56][57]
Lisa7–11 May 1991Category 2 tropical cyclone110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Solomon Islands, VanuatuNoneNone[58][59]
Adel11 – 16 MayCategory 3 severe tropical cyclone120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)Papua New GuineaMinimal3[60][61]
Willy26 April – 1 May 1994Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Cocos IslandsNoneNone[62][63]
Jenna1 – 6 May 1996Category 2 tropical cyclone100 km/h (65 mph)984 hPa (29.06 inHg)NoneNoneNone
Unnamed30 April – 5 May 1996Tropical low85 km/h (50 mph)Not specifiedQueenslandNoneNone
Rhonda10–16 May 1997Category 4 severe tropical cyclone175 km/h (110 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Cocos Island, Western AustraliaNoneNone[64][65]
Lindsay9 – 13 July 1996Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[66]
Melanie –
Bellamine		28 October – 1 November 1997Category 2 tropical cyclone95 km/h (60 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[67]
Zelia7–10 October 1998Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[68]
26F20–27 May 1999Tropical depression75 km/h (45 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)Queensland, New Zealand[69][70]
20F26 April – 2 May 2000Tropical depression95 km/h (60 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Queensland[71][72][73]
21F28 April – 2 May 2000Tropical depression55 km/h (35 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Queensland[71][72][73]
Alex – Andre26–31 October 2001Category 2 tropical cyclone100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)NoneNoneNone[74]
Errol8–14 May 2002Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)NoneNoneNone[75]
Upia21 – 29 May 2002Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)Budelun IslandUnknownUnknown[76]
Epi5 – 6 June 2003Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)993 hPa (29.32 inHg)Papua New GuineaUnknownUnknown[77]
Phoebe1 – 5 September 2004Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[78]
Pierre15 – 23 May 2007Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea
Torres Straits		UnknownUnknown[79]
01U/01S26 July – 1 August 2007Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)992 hPa (29.29 inHg)NoneNoneNone[80]
Kirrily18 April – 1 May 2009Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)998 hPa (29.47 inHg)IndonesiaUnknownUnknown[81]
24U10 – 18 May 2009Tropical low45 km/h (30 mph)1009 hPa (29.80 inHg)NoneNoneNone
Anggrek28 October – 4 November 2010Tropical low75 km/h (45 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNoneNone[nb 1][82]
19S7 – 14 May 2012Tropical depression55 km/h (35 mph)996 hPa (29.41 inHg)Indonesia, East TimorNoneNone
21P27 – 30 June 2012Category 1 tropical cyclone55 km/h (35 mph)996 hPa (29.41 inHg)NoneN/ANone[83]
Zane27 April – 1 May 2013Category 3 severe tropical cyclone120 km/h (75 mph)981 hPa (28.97 inHg)Papua New Guinea, QueenslandNoneNone[11]
Quang27 April – 1 May 2015Category 4 severe tropical cyclone185 km/h (115 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Western AustraliaMinorNone[84]
Raquel30 June – 5 July 2015Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Solomon IslandsSignificant1[85][86][87]
Frances21 April – 1 May 2017Category 3 severe tropical cyclone120 km/h (75 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
East Timor		NoneNone[88]
Greg29 April – 1 May 2017Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)NoneNoneNone[89]
Lili4 – 11 May 2019Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)997 hPa (29.44 inHg)Eastern Indonesia, East Timor, Top EndUnknownUnknown[90]
Ann9 – 18 May 2019Category 2 tropical cyclone100 km/h (65 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, QueenslandNoneNone[91]
TD3 – 9 May 2020Tropical depression55 km/h (35 mph)1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Western Indonesia, Christmas Island, Cocos IslandsNoneNone
Mangga19 - 23 May 2020Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)Western AustraliaUnknownUnknown
TL31 May 2021 – 4 June 2021Tropical lowNot specifiedNot specifiedNoneNoneNone
Karim7 – 11 May 2022Category 2 tropical cyclone110 km/h (70 mph)982 hPa (29.00 inHg)NoneNoneNone[92]
TL28 – 31 May 2022Tropical lowNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Christmas Island, Western AustraliaNoneNone
01U26 – 31 July 2022Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)994 hPa (29.35 inHg)Cocos IslandsNoneNone[93]

Systems by month

Number of recorded off-season cyclones by month
Month Number of cyclones
April[nb 2]
15
May
36
June
12
July
12
August
2
September
2
October
12

Notes

  1. ↑ Anggrek was declassified as a tropical cyclone during the post storm analysis by the BoM, as gale force winds never extended more than halfway around the system centre.[82]
  2. ↑ The April statistic only show those systems that formed during the month and either dissipated on 30 April, or persisted into the off-season.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "1904 Not Named (1904190S33142)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  2. ↑ 1908 MISSING (1908117S14124) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  3. ↑ 1908 MISSING (1908119S05134) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  4. ↑ 1913 Missing (1912194S18135) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  5. ↑ 1919 MISSING (1919135S21155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  6. ↑ 1922 MISSING (1921182S24151) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  7. ↑ 1922 MISSING (1921202S16158) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  8. ↑ 1922 MISSING (1921275S28156) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  9. ↑ 1925 MISSING (1925153S19152) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  10. ↑ 1926 MISSING (1926122S21154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Australian Tropical Cyclone Database" (CSV). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
  12. ↑ 1926 MISSING (1926136S22154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  13. ↑ 1929 MISSING (1929153S26157) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  14. ↑ 1932 MISSING (1931183S32155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  15. ↑ 1935 MISSING (1934183S20157) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  16. ↑ 1935 MISSING (1935145S15154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  17. ↑ 1935 MISSING (1934242S21157) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  18. ↑ 1953 MISSING (1952301S15150) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  19. ↑ 1958 32P (1958155S11161) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  20. ↑ 1958 33P (1958170S28155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  21. ↑ 1958 33P (1958170S28155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  22. ↑ 1960 24P (1960146S17153) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  23. ↑ 1963 49P:HSK3663 (1963123S13163) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  24. ↑ 1963 49P:HSK3663 (1963123S13163) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  25. ↑ 1963 52P:HSK3863 (1963129S24158) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  26. ↑ 1963 53P (1963130S21166) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  27. ↑ 1963 54P (1963173S16155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  28. ↑ 1963 55P:HSK3963 (1963174S19159) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  29. ↑ 1969 35P:ESTHER (1969116S09153) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  30. ↑ Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center. "The Australian Tropical Cyclone database — Tropical Cyclone Lulu". Australiantralian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  31. ↑ 1970 32P:HSK3170 (1970174S11176)) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  32. ↑ "1972 Tropical Cyclone Hannah (1972129S06156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  33. ↑ "1972 Tropical Cyclone Ida (1972151S05156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  34. ↑ Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (13 August 2009). Tropical Cyclone Marcelle 29 April 1973 - 9 May 1973 (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  35. ↑ 1974 02P (1973189S25154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  36. 1 2 Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (2010). "Tropical Cyclone Marcia". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  37. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Norah October 28 – November 4, 1974 (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 19 November 2010. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  38. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Denise: May 19 – 25, 1975 (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 19 November 2010. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  39. ↑ Courtney, Joe (13 August 2009). "Tropical Cyclone Carol" (PDF). Australiantralian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  40. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Verna". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
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  42. ↑ http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/kevin.shtml
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  45. ↑ http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/claudia82.shtml
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  49. ↑ Courtney, Joe (16 June 2009). "Severe Tropical Cyclone Billy-Lila" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
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  52. ↑ 1989 MEENA (1989122S09162) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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  56. ↑ 1990 HSK0290 (1989194S06095) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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  70. ↑ 1999 26F (1999140S16157) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  71. 1 2 Padgett, Gary (2000). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary April 2000". Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  72. 1 2 Padgett, Gary (2000). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks April 2000". Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  73. 1 2 Callaghan, Jeff (5 August 2011). "Known Impacts of East Coast Lows, 1846–2009" (PDF). Harden up Queensland. Green Cross. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
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  76. ↑ "2003 Tropical Cyclone Upia (2002143S07157)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
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  81. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Kirrily (PDF) (Report) (in Indonesian). Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. 6 July 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2015.
  82. 1 2 Patterson, Linda (29 May 2012). Tropical Low Anggrek (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  83. ↑ "JTWC best track analysis: Tropical Cyclone 21P". United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  84. ↑ Paterson, Linda A (October 2015). Severe Tropical Cyclone Quang (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  85. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Raquel (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  86. ↑ "2015 Tropical Cyclone Raquel (2015180S04163)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  87. ↑ "Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report" (PDF). 13 January 2016: 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  88. ↑ Courtney, Joseph B; Lynch, Billy (28 March 2023). Severe Tropical Cyclone Frances (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  89. ↑ Earl-Spurr, Craig (27 September 2022). Tropical Cyclone Greg (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  90. ↑ Courtney, Joseph B (5 April 2023). Tropical Cyclone Lili (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  91. ↑ Courtney, Joseph B (3 April 2023). Tropical Cyclone Ann (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  92. ↑ Boterhoven de Haan, Matthew (24 June 2022). Tropical Cyclone Karim (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  93. ↑ Courtney, Joseph B; Boterhoven de Haan, Matthew (August 2022). Unnamed Tropical Cyclone 01U (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
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