Einsatzgruppen commander Otto Ohlendorf testifies for the American prosecution, 3 January 1946

During the International Military Tribunal, 37 witnesses testified for the prosecution and 83 for the defense.[1]

Prosecution witnesses

Prosecution witnesses
Name Date Role Called by Testified about Relevant to defendants
Erwin Lahousen30 NovemberAbwehr general and 20 July plotterUnited StatesConspiracy to commit crimes against peaceRibbentrop, Keitel, and others[2]
Otto Ohlendorf3 January[3]Einsatzgruppen commanderUnited StatesThe murder of 80,000 people by those under his command[4][5]SS, High Command, and the SD[3]
Dieter Wisliceny3 JanuaryEichmann's subordinateUnited States[6]
Walter Schellenberg4 JanuarySS intelligence officerUnited StatesEinsatzgruppen[6]
Alois Hollriege4 JanuaryMauthausen guardUnited Statesmurder of prisonersvon Schirach and Kaltenbrunner[7]
Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski7 January[8]SS generalUnited StatesGerman anti-partisan warfare, related killings of civilians[4][5]High Command of the Wehrmacht[8]
Franz Blaha11 JanuaryCzech doctor and survivor of Dachau concentration campUnited StatesNazi human experimentation[9]
Maurice Lampe25 JanuaryFrench resistance member, survivor of Mauthausen concentration campFrance[10]
Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier28 JanuaryFrench resistance memberFrancewhat she had seen during the three years she spent in Auschwitz concentration camp[11][12]
Francisco Boix28 JanuarySpanish photographer, survivor of Mauthausen concentration campFrance[13]Albert Speer's visit to Mauthausen, among other thingsSpeer[14]
Hans Cappelen28 JanuaryNorwegian lawyer, concentration camp survivorFrance[15]
Leo van der Essen4 February[16]librarian of the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium)Francedestruction of the library during both world wars[17]
Friedrich von Paulus11 FebruaryGerman field marshal in command at the Battle of StalingradSoviet UnionCrimes against peace[18]Keitel, Jodl, and Göring were most responsible for the war[19]
Erich Buschenhagen12 FebruaryGerman generalSoviet UnionFinland and Germany conspiring to invade the Soviet Union[20]
Joseph Orbeli22 FebruarySoviet Armenian scholarSoviet Unionsiege of Leningrad, damage to Winter Palace[21]
Jacob Grigorev26 Februarypeasant from Pskov (Russia)Soviet Unionvillage attacked "for no reason" in October 1943[22]
Eugene Kivelisha26 FebruaryRed Army doctorSoviet UnionGerman mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war[23]
Abraham Sutzkever27 FebruaryYiddish poet from Vilna (Lithuania)Soviet UnionVilna Ghetto, Ponary massacre[24][25]None[24]
Seweryna Szmaglewska27 FebruaryPolish Auschwitz survivorSoviet Unionabuse of children[26][27]
Samuel Rajzman27 FebruaryTreblinka survivorSoviet Union[24][28]Treblinka extermination camp[26]None[24]
Nikolai Lomakin27 FebruaryRussian Orthodox metropolitanSoviet UnionSiege of Leningrad[29]

Defense witnesses

Defense witnesses
Name Date Role Called by Testified about Relevant to defendants
Rudolf Höss2 April[30]Commandant of Auschwitz concentration campKurt Kauffmann, counsel for Ernest KaltenbrunnerMurders at Auschwitz, which Höss estimated at 2 million[31]
Hans Bernd Gisevius[32]26 April[33]German resistance and Abwehr officialCounsel for Hjalmar Schacht and Wilhelm FrickSchacht, Göring, Keitel and Kaltenbrunner[34]

See also

  • Ludwig Grauert, appeared as a defense witness for the SS at the Nuremberg trials
  • Albert Hoffmann, testified as a witness against the main Nazi war criminals
  • Bernhard Lösener, gave testimony on his discussion with Stuckart regarding the Rumbula massacre in 1941

References

  1. ↑ Priemel 2016, p. 105.
  2. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 130.
  3. 1 2 Hirsch 2020, p. 193.
  4. 1 2 Douglas 2001, pp. 69–70.
  5. 1 2 Priemel 2016, pp. 118–119.
  6. 1 2 Hirsch 2020, p. 194.
  7. ↑ Hirsch 2020, pp. 194–195.
  8. 1 2 Hirsch 2020, p. 199.
  9. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 201.
  10. ↑ Hirsch 2020, pp. 207–208.
  11. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 208.
  12. ↑ Douglas 2001, p. 70.
  13. ↑ Hirsch 2020, pp. 208–209.
  14. ↑ Pike 2003, p. 340, fn 40.
  15. ↑ Hirsch 2020, pp. 209–210.
  16. ↑ "Prof. Leo van der Essen at Nuremberg Trial - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum". collections.ushmm.org. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  17. ↑ Priemel 2016, p. 115.
  18. ↑ Hirsch 2020, pp. 221–222.
  19. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 223.
  20. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 224.
  21. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 233.
  22. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 236.
  23. ↑ Hirsch 2020, pp. 236–237.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Priemel 2016, p. 119.
  25. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 237.
  26. 1 2 Finder, Gabriel N.; Prusin, Alexander V. (2018-01-01). Justice Behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland. University of Toronto Press. pp. 76–79. ISBN 978-1-4875-2268-1.
  27. ↑ Hirsch 2020, pp. 238–239.
  28. ↑ Hirsch 2020, p. 239.
  29. ↑ Hirsch 2020, pp. 159–160, 239–240.
  30. ↑ "Postwar testimony of Rudolf Höss". encyclopedia.ushmm.org. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  31. ↑ Priemel 2016, p. 129.
  32. ↑ Priemel 2016, pp. 129–130.
  33. ↑ "Gisevius testimony at Nuremberg Trial - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum". collections.ushmm.org. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  34. ↑ Tusa & Tusa 2010, p. 329.

Works cited

  • Douglas, Lawrence (2001). The Memory of Judgment: Making Law and History in the Trials of the Holocaust. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10984-9.
  • Hirsch, Francine (2020). Soviet Judgment at Nuremberg: A New History of the International Military Tribunal after World War II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937795-4.
  • Pike, David Wingeate (2003). Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-58713-1.
  • Priemel, Kim Christian (2016). The Betrayal: The Nuremberg Trials and German Divergence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-256374-3.
  • Tusa, Ann; Tusa, John (2010) [1983]. The Nuremberg Trial. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62087-943-6.
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