November 2013 North American storm complex
Snow at a residence in Stirling, Ontario, Canada on November 27
Meteorological history
FormedNovember 22, 2013
DissipatedNovember 27, 2013
Winter storm
Highest winds102 mph (164 km/h) on Mount Washington, New Hampshire
Lowest temperature−3 °F (−19 °C) in Saranac Lake, New York
Maximum rainfall5.20 in (132 mm) on Mount Lemmon, Arizona
Maximum snowfall or ice accretion4 ft (48 in) in the Four Corners area
Tornado outbreak
Tornadoes3
Maximum ratingEF2 tornado
Overall effects
Fatalities13 (+3 indirect)
Injuries≥106
Damage$10,627,500
Areas affectedWestern, Southern, Southeast, and Northeastern United States
Power outages>153,450
Part of the 2013–14 North American winter

In November 2013, a severe weather outbreak and winter storm, with the latter unofficially named Winter Storm Boreas by The Weather Channel,[1] impacted much of the Western, Southern, and Northeastern United States, as well as southeastern Canada. First impacting the Western United States on November 22 and causing eight deaths, the winter storm then traversed across the South, canceling more than 500 flights at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport and causing a 40-car pileup on Interstate 40 near Vega, Texas, killing 3 people and injuring 11 others.[2] The storm system then moved across the East Coast of the United States, causing a severe weather outbreak which produced seven tornadoes, including an EF2 tornado which injured two people in North Carolina. Strong winds and heavy snow and rainfall occurred across much of the Northeastern United States, with numerous flood warnings being issued and prompting a snow emergency to be issued in western Maryland.[3] Next impacting Canada, the storm system produced heavy snowfall which caused more than 130 vehicle accidents.[4] Overall, the storm system caused 14 deaths,[5][6][7] at least 103 injuries,[lower-alpha 1] and hundreds of flight cancellations.[9][10]

Meteorological synopsis

A satellite image showing the area of low pressure in the Southwestern United States on November 23

On November 22, an upper-level trough located over northern California moved southward offshore the southern California coast, with its pressure deepening to a closed low-pressure area and also was cut off from the main upper-level jet.[11] Mixed precipitation developed ahead of an occluded front that was attached to the low, causing impacts across the Western United States.[12] The low-pressure area initially remained nearly stationary; however the low weakened and moved eastward across California and Arizona, while producing snow across southern portions of California and Nevada.[11][13] The low then dissipated along a surface front, though an upper-level vortex produced mixed precipitation ahead of the vortex across areas from Arizona to Texas.[14]

The upper-level low-pressure area then ejected into the southern Great Plains on November 25, as the precipitation associated with the upper-level low began to organize into a linear structure.[11] A low-pressure area then formed in the Gulf of Mexico on November 26 and began interacting with the upper-level low, as, at the same time, a phase began between the upper-level low and a northern stream system.[11] As a result, a broad area of ascent developed across the Eastern United States.[11] A southerly low-level jet across the Southeastern United States pulled moisture into the East Coast of the United States, and, with the combination of the phased upper-level low and the moisture drawn from the southerly low-level jet, broadened a precipitation shield northeastward.[11] Snow fell across the Northeastern United States and southeastern Canada on November 27 and 28.[15][16]

Impact

Western United States

A satellite image showing snow in the aftermath of the winter storm across the western United States on November 26

In anticipation of heavy snowfall and icy conditions, several roads in the Angeles National Forest were closed.[17] Several schools across Arizona and New Mexico delayed openings due to the heavy snowfall,[18] and heavy snow forced roads at Death Valley National Park to be closed, as several recreational vehicles were also stranded there.[19] First impacting the region on November 22, strong wind gusts caused more than 67,500 power outages in California.[20][21] One downed power line started a wildfire north of Napa, which grew to about 300 acres (120 ha), which forced mandatory evacuations.[22] A 87 miles per hour (140 km/h) wind gust was recorded in Plumas County,[23] and several sections of a 19-mile canal in the Bear Valley area sustained significant damage after high winds downed trees onto the canal, which cut off water flows from mountain ranges to the Grass Valley-Nevada City area.[24] High winds also downed a tree on Interstate 238 onto a car, with several other vehicles also crashing into it.[25] The high winds and flooding caused by excessive rainfall in California killed four people, including one indirectly,[26] and injured three others, and also inflicted $232,000 in damage.[27][28]

South of Ely, Nevada, U.S. Route 93 was closed, and hundreds of car accidents occurred across Arizona and New Mexico.[29] Interstate 10 in New Mexico and western Texas was covered in ice and snow.[30] Flagstaff, Arizona recorded 11 inches of snow, and near the Four Corners as much as 4 feet (48 in) of snow fell.[31] Heavy snow fell on Abajo Peak, Utah, where it received 41 inches (100 cm).[1] Between 50 and 60 vehicles were stranded due to heavy snowfall across higher elevations in eastern Lincoln County, Nevada.[32] In Nevada, heavy snow and rain caused $810,000 in property damage and caused one indirect death and 60 injuries, all due to vehicle accidents.[33][34] There were also 2,000 power outages across the Las Vegas Valley.[34]

Phoenix, Arizona received 1.6 inches (41 mm) of rain on November 23, which became the second-wettest November day there on record.[30] Flooding also closed several miles of Arizona State Route 303 across western portions of Phoenix, and Arizona State Route 67 to Grand Canyon National Park was closed.[18] As a flood watch was in effect for the entire Phoenix metropolitan area,[35] heavy rainfall forced several Arizona Interscholastic Association school playoff games to be postponed.[29] Thunderstorms produced lightning, hail, and heavy rainfall across Antelope Valley in southern California, with the latter impact leading to flooding across roads.[17] Five people were rescued from an island after the Santa Ana River swelled in San Bernardino County, California, including one who contracted hypothermia.[36][37] Several flights at Harry Reid International Airport were delayed of up to three hours,[18] and 169 vehicle accidents occurred across the Las Vegas Valley.[34] Portions of Interstate 40 west of Albuquerque, New Mexico reported near-whiteout conditions, and roads were closed along the New Mexico-Texas border, including in the El Paso, Texas area.[38] In Arizona, heavy rainfall swept away one person in the Santa Cruz River[28][39] while in New Mexico, a rollover crash on U.S. Route 70 in Chaves County killed a 4-year-old girl and injured two others.[40]

Southern United States

Texas

A radar animation loop showing snow and sleet impacting parts of western Texas and eastern New Mexico on November 23

Prior to the winter storm, McDonald Observatory closed, and a winter storm warning was issued for portions of the state.[41][42] Several multi-car pileups occurred on Interstate 40 near Vega, which killed three people and injured 11 others,[2] while a 15-car pileup occurred on Texas State Highway 191 in Odessa.[43] Several highways, including westbound lanes of Interstate 10 and Interstate 20, were closed.[43] A bus carrying Willie Nelson's band crashed on Interstate 30 in Sulphur Springs, Texas, injuring three of the band's members, including Paul English, the drummer of the band.[31][44][45] The bridge itself where the bus crashed sustained minor damage.[46] Additionally, there were 72 injury crashes across the Lubbock area on November 22.[8] All American Airlines flights at Midland International Air and Space Port were cancelled on November 23,[43] and more than 300 flights were canceled at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport on November 24,[47] and an additional 200 were canceled the next day.[9] Marfa Public Radio suffered a brief outage,[42] and 44,000 power outages occurred across Dallas.[10] Across western portions of the state, there were about 10,500 power outages.[43][48] Flash flooding in Fiskville killed one person,[49] while another person was killed after a vehicle crash caused by icy conditions near Eldorado.[50] Another indirect death occurred after a vehicle lost control and collided into an SUV during winter weather conditions.[51] Across the state, property damage amounted to $1,367,000.[52]

Elsewhere

In Oklahoma, more than 10 inches (25 cm) of snow fell across portions of the state as winter storm warnings and advisories were in effect.[53][54] At Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, 10 percent of flights on November 24 were canceled.[9] In Ashland, Oklahoma, 0.5 inches (13 mm) of sleet fell,[55] and four people were killed, all due to car accidents.[56][7]

Flight delays were reported at airports in Memphis, Tennessee,[57] and the winter storm caused $1,000 in damages in Patterson, Arkansas.[58]

Northeastern United States

A wind advisory was issued for portions of the New York metropolitan area and southwestern Connecticut.[7] Wind gusts over 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) occurred on Long Island, New York, and John F. Kennedy International Airport recorded a 47 miles per hour (76 km/h) wind gust.[59] High winds forced balloons associated with the 2013 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade to be lowered 5 feet (1.5 m) more than usual.[60] A snow emergency was issued in western Maryland, and power outages occurred across western New York as a result of the heavy snowfall.[3] Corry, Pennsylvania received 17 inches (43 cm) of snow.[61] Ice and freezing rain caused a vehicle crash which involved a tractor-trailer rolling onto its side at the entrance of High Point State Park, closing the roadway for less than an hour.[62]

A flood watch was in effect for portions of the Northeast as the southern side of the winter storm produced heavy rainfall.[63] A flash flood warning was issued for southeastern New York and southwestern Connecticut, which included Peekskill, New York, Bridgeport, Connecticut, and New Haven, Connecticut.[64] Widespread flood warnings and advisories were issued for portions of the Northeast, including western parts of the New York metropolitan area.[64] Heavy rainfall also resulted in some Cross Sound Ferry trips being cancelled.[65] The flooding caused a vehicle accident on the westbound lanes of Schuylkill Expressway (I-76) near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which killed one person and left at least six others injured.[lower-alpha 2][66][67][68] The eastbound lanes of the expressway were also closed due to flooding.[63] Several underpasses were flooded across the state,[69] and street flooding occurred across portions of southwestern Connecticut and Long Island.[70] In New Jersey, the Ho-Ho-Kus Brook and the Rahway River overflowed their banks due to the heavy rainfall.[70]

As a cold front extending from the low-pressure area moved through the Northeast,[70] temperatures dropped to −3 °F (−19 °C) in Saranac Lake, New York,[71] and wind chills reached 0 °F (−18 °C) in Boston, Massachusetts.[31] Several ski resorts and mountains opened early, with some of them opening at their earliest date ever.[72][73] A 102 miles per hour (164 km/h) wind gust was recorded on Mount Washington, New Hampshire on November 27.[59]

Airport disruptions occurred during the winter storm, with 628 flights being canceled and nearly 6,000 flights being delayed up to two hours across several airports across the eastern United States, including airports in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and LaGuardia Airport in New York City.[3][74] Ground stops were issued for several major airports across the Northeast.[73] More than 13,000 power outages occurred across the Northeast, including nearly 6,000 in Pennsylvania,[75] more than 4,200 in New Jersey,[76][77] more than 2,000 in Connecticut,[78] and 1,250 in Maine.[79] Among the power outages in Connecticut was a power transformer which blew and started a small fire.[69] Damage amounted to $300,000 in Pennsylvania,[80] and $285,000 in New York.[81] Strong wind gusts in Massachusetts caused numerous downed trees, causing $203,500 in property damages,[82] and strong winds in Connecticut caused $45,000 in damages as well.[83] In Keene, New Hampshire, a tree and wires were downed, causing $5,000 in property damages,[84] while strong winds also caused widespread damage to trees and power lines in coastal Maine.[85]

Southeastern United States

The Storm Prediction Center's Day 1 outlook issued at 16:30 UTC on November 26, showing a widespread slight risk across the Southeast

On November 26, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a level 2/slight risk of severe weather across the region, from Florida to North Carolina.[86] Two tornadoes touched down in North Carolina, an EF2 tornado which injured two people and displaced 15 people near Atlantic Beach,[3][87] and an EF1 tornado which impacted portions of Morehead City.[88] Combined, the two tornadoes caused $6.5 million in property damages.[89] There were also 6,000 power outages in Carteret County, North Carolina.[90] Two tornadoes touched down in Florida, one EF1 tornado and one EF0 tornado, and altogether caused $200,000 in property damages.[91] Sporadic wind damage occurred across the Southeast,[92] with numerous uprooted trees and downed power lines and straight-line wind damage amounting to $62,000 in North Carolina,[89] $52,000 in Florida,[92] and $15,000 in Georgia.[93] Heavy rainfall also materialized across the Southeast, with the heaviest rain falling at Shelby–Cleveland County Regional Airport, receiving 4.89 inches (124 mm).[94]

Atlanta had less than an inch of snow, receiving 0.4 inches (1.0 cm), but it was the third November snow since 1930.[95] Wind advisories and winter weather alerts were issued for portions of Georgia, and 4,500 power outages occurred across the state,[96][97] and heavy rainfall caused flooding across roads near Ellijay, Georgia.[70] Ice accumulated across portions of western North Carolina, which downed trees across Henderson, Iredell, and Polk counties,[70] and snow fell as far south as Troy, Alabama.[70]

Elsewhere

Across the Midwestern United States, cold air from the winter storm resulted in heavy lake-effect snow showers across areas near Lake Michigan. The highest snow accumulation from the snow showers was in Coloma, Michigan, receiving 16 inches (41 cm) of snow.[98]

Canada

Snow at Brock University in Ontario on November 27

In preparation of the winter storm, schools across Montreal were closed.[99] The winter storm impacted eastern portions of the country, primarily Quebec and Ontario,[100][101] with Ottawa receiving nearly 25 centimetres (9.8 in) of snow and Toronto recording more than 20 centimetres (7.9 in) of snow.[102][103] More than 130 vehicle accidents occurred on snow-covered roads, several of which resulted in four injuries.[4][101][102] Several vehicles slid off Ontario Highway 402, and heavy, sufficient snowfall led to Boler Mountain being opened early.[16] Snow squall warnings were also issued for portions of southeast Canada.[16] An early estimate of the cost of cleaning up was given as $550,000 after the winter storm in London, Ontario, and 125 vehicle snowplows were deployed.[4] More than 10,000 power outages occurred across Quebec, and several flights were cancelled at Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport.[100][102]

Notes

  1. ↑ This includes the 72 injury crashes across the Lubbock, Texas area.[8] It is unknown exactly how many injuries occurred, though at least 72 were injured.
  2. ↑ The injury total for the crash is disputed. The National Centers for Environmental Information reference states that six people were injured as a result of the crash, while the CBS News source states that eight people were injured.

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  103. ↑ "In Pictures: Eastern Canada hit by first snowstorm of the season". The Globe and Mail. November 27, 2013. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
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