This is the order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It should not be considered completely up to date nor accurate, being based on open-source press reporting.

An updated order of battle estimate for April 23, 2023, by the Institute for the Study of War is accessible at:

Russian forces in 2022

Senior commanders for the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
General of the Army Sergei Shoigu, Minister of Defence
General of the Army Valery Gerasimov, Chief of the General Staff and commander of Russian forces in Ukraine

Administrative chain of command

Commanders of the various MOD armed services and branches do not have operational control over the forces. They are responsible for force development and generation. The Chiefs of the ground forces, the aerospace forces, the navy, the strategic missile forces and the airborne forces also hold the appointments of Deputy Ministers of Defence, junior to the Chief of the General Staff, who is the First Deputy Minister of Defence.

The General Staff commands and controls forces through the National Defence Management Centre (NDMC). Operational control of the forces is carried out by the five Operational-Strategic Commands - the Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Military Districts and the OSK Northern Fleet, which is their equal. The Western and the Southern Military Districts share borders with Ukraine and are directly involved in the command and control of the operations.

Pre-2022 Russian military doctrine had specified that on the outbreak of war, armed forces from non-MOD services (like Rosgvardiya) would be placed under the General Staff.[1]

Initial force groupings

Ukrainian military commentator Yuri Butusov listed the following initial March 2022 deployment of Russian/allied forces:[13]

Southwestern Belarus grouping (blocking contingent against Ukrainian forces in Western Ukraine):

  • located around Brest, Luninets, Baranovichi, Osipovichi and Minsk
  • including forces from the Northern Fleet (200th (Arctic) Motor Rifle Brigade, 61st Guards Naval Infantry Brigade) and the VDV (76th and 98th Guards airborne divisions), estimated strength of 6–7 battalion tactical groups

Southeastern Belarus grouping (Kyiv offensive direction):

  • located around Vepri, Elsin, Bragin, Khainini, Rechitsya and Mozir
  • including forces from the 5th, 35th and 36th Combined Arms Armies, estimated strength of 7–9 battalion tactical groups

Bryansk grouping (Chernihiv offensive direction):

  • located around Klimovo, Klintsi, Pochep and Sevsk
  • including forces from the 41st Combined Arms Army and the 90th Guards Tank Division, estimated strength of 3 battalion tactical groups

Kursk – Belgorod grouping (Sumy offensive direction):

  • located around Tomarovka, Vesela Lopan', Zorino, Pristen', Kursk and Belgorod
  • including forces from the 6th and 20th combined arms armies, estimated strength of 4 battalion tactical groups

Voronezh grouping (Kharkiv offensive direction):

  • located around Stariy Oskol, Soloti, Valuyki, Boguchar, Pogonovo and Voronezh
  • including forces from the 6th Tank and 20th combined arms armies, estimated strength of 13–14 battalion tactical groups

Smolensk grouping (operational reserve of the northern front)

  • located around Yel'nya
  • including forces from the 20th and 41st combined arms armies, estimated strength of 6–7 battalion tactical groups

Rostov grouping (Donbas and eastern Sea of Azov offensive direction)

  • located around Rostov-on-the-Don and Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy
  • including forces from the 8th Combined Arms Army, estimated strength of 6 battalion tactical groups
  • Ukraine says the 8th CAA has operational control over the Donetsk People's Republic People's Militia and the Luhansk People's Republic People's Militia, naming them the Russian 1st and 2nd Army Corps

Crimea grouping (southern Ukraine offensive direction):

  • located around the Crimean Peninsula (Slavne, Dzhankoy, Novoozerne, Yevpatoriya, Sevastopol, Oktyabrskoye, Bakhchisaray, Angarskiy, Feodosiya, Opuk)
  • including forces from the 58th Combined Arms Army and the Black Sea Fleet's 22nd Army Corps (810th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade), estimated strength of up to 13 battalion tactical groups

Kuban grouping (operational reserve of the southern front)

  • located around the Kuban Peninsula (Novorossiysk, Korenovsk, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar, Mol'kino and Maykop) and Stavropol
  • including forces from the 49th Combined Arms Army, the Black Sea Fleet's 22nd Army Corps and the VDV's 7th Guards (Mountain) Air Assault Division, estimated strength of 6 battalion tactical groups

Russian leaders 2022-23

Despite evolving Russian doctrine which specified all troops and forces operating from one Operational-Strategic Command (OSK) be placed under one commander, multiple repeated sources (Rochan Consulting, Center for Naval Analysis, British Ministry of Defence) reported that separate groupings of forces drawn from each of the four military districts, under the leadership of senior personnel from that military district, took part in the initial invasion. President Vladimir Putin was repeatedly reported as taking a very involved stance, sometimes giving orders to field formations.

In April 2022, the invasion began to run into setbacks; Russian forces were forced to withdraw from their attempt to take Kyiv. Therefore to handle a longer war, a single coordinating senior officer was appointed.

  • Army General Aleksandr Dvornikov (8 April 2022 – 25 June 2022): placed in overall charge of military operations in Ukraine, effectively ending the grouping system;[14]
  • Colonel General Gennady Zhidko (26 June 2022 – 7 October 2022): appointed by Vladimir Putin to the top position, replacing Dvornikov;[14]
  • Army General Sergey Surovikin (8 October 2022 – 11 January 2023): previously commander of the Aerospace Forces and Army Group South, replacing Zhidko in overall command.[15]

Russian/affiliated forces in 2023

From 12 January 2023 Army General Valery Gerasimov, the Chief of the General Staff, was appointed as commander of military operations in Ukraine, with Surovikin as his deputy.[16]

The actual operational chain of command of the Russian military effort in Ukraine is not public, changes, and is a mix of state and non-state bodies. Personal rivalries are evident. President Vladimir Putin however remains firmly in control, sometimes micromanaging. The loose connection of various mercenary bodies and Ramzan Kadyrov's Chechens to the official command chain[17] has been represented by placing them under headers separate to the Russian Armed Forces.

Scheduling and control of tactical fighter, ground attack, and strategic bomber "sorties" (one flight of one aircraft) is unclear.

On 18 April 2023, Russian official sources said that President Putin had held meetings in the Kherson area with several commanders. The President "..received reports from the commander of the Dnepr forces grouping, General Lieutenant Oleg Makarevich, the commander of the Vostok [Eastern] forces grouping, General Lieutenant Andrey Kuzmenko, and the deputy commander of the combined grouping, General Colonel Mikhail Teplinsky."[18] The meetings likely took place before April 16.

Mercenaries

Militias

Reserve units of the Russian Armed Forces

Chechens

Spetsnaz units

Clear evidence as to which Grouping of Forces these brigades belong to is not readily available.

Units returned to Russia:

Joint Group of Forces

  •  Luhansk People's Republic (Supreme Commander-in-Chief: Head of the LPR Leonid Pasechnik')
    • Luhansk People's Republic People's Militia
      • 2nd Guards Lugansk-Severodonetsk Army Corps[342] (part of Russian armed forces from 31 December 2022)[343] (under command of 8th Combined Arms Army of Southern Military District)[122]
        • 4th Separate Motorised Rifle Brigade[167][68][358](Colonel Vyacheslav Makarov †)[359]
        • 15th Motor Rifle Brigade [360]
        • 85th Separate Motorised Rifle Brigade [184]
        • 88th Separate Motorised Rifle Brigade [184]
        • 123rd Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade (formerly 2nd Separate Guards Motorised Rifle Brigade[347]
        • 127th Motorised Rifle Brigade (formerly 7th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade)[347] (Lieutenant Colonel Andrey Vladimirovich Panasyura †)[361]
        • 10th Artillery Brigade
        • Cossack Assault Corps [362]
          • 6th Cossack Motorized Rifle Brigade[122][363]
            • Cossack battalions (Mikhail Kishchik †, Deputy Chief of Staff Lt. Col. Alexander Kalnitsky †)[364][365]
          • “Don” Cossack Brigade [362]
          • “Siberia” Cossack Brigade [362]
          • “Volga” Cossack Brigade [362]
          • “Terek” Cossack Brigade [362]
        • Assorted regiments and battalions

Ukrainian forces

Senior Ukrainian commanders for the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
General Valerii Zaluzhnyi, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
Lieutenant General Serhiy Shaptala, Chief of the General Staff
Lieutenant General Serhii Naiev, Commander of the Joint Operational Command

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ According to the Law "On The National Guard of Ukraine" ("Про Національну гвардію України") Article 6, paragraph 3: "With the enactment of a state of martial law, the National Guard of Ukraine shall be prepared to perform its assigned tasks and shall be subordinated to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, except for the military units tasked with escorting and guarding people under arrest and those military units guarding diplomatic missions.")[370]
  2. ↑ Commanders of the three armed services hold no operational authority. They are subordinated to the commander-in-chief.
  3. ↑ According to the Law "On The National Security of Ukraine", the commanders of the armed services and separate combat arms generate the combat units and give over operational control over them to the Commander of the Joint Operational Command
  4. ↑ commands the armed forces and security forces contingents facing the Russian-controlled Donbass separatist forces, successor to the previous Anti-Terror Operation (ATO)
  5. ↑ previously the Ukrainian Volunteer Corps

References

  1. ↑ Greg Whisler (2019) Strategic Command and Control in the Russian Armed Forces: Untangling the General Staff, Military Districts, and Service Main Commands (Part One), The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 32:4, 468, DOI: 10.1080/13518046.2019.1690188.
  2. ↑ "Vladimir Putin turns on his own as he vows to 'purify' Russia of traitors". 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  3. ↑ "Vitaly Gerasimov: second Russian general killed, Ukraine defence ministry claims". The Guardian. 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  4. ↑ "Russia says Ukraine fired mortars at Bryansk border post". euronews. 15 April 2022. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  5. ↑ Ivshina, Olga. "Элитные специалисты. Кого именно потеряла российская армия в Украине [Elite specialists. Who exactly lost the Russian army in Ukraine]". BBC News Русская Служба (in Russian). Retrieved 1 September 2022. From open sources, it is known about 20 FSB and FSO officers who died during the invasion of Ukraine. Most of these losses are employees of the border troops who are subordinate to the FSB. However, there are among the dead and officers of the most secret units.
  6. ↑ Korshak, Stefan (22 April 2022). "Mayor claims partisans killed more than 100 Russian soldiers in occupied Melitopol". Kyiv Post.
  7. 1 2 "'Butcher of Mariupol': Russian general Mikhail Mizintsev is a mystery to experts". The Washington Post. 1 April 2022. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  8. ↑ "Russian special forces have entered Kyiv to hunt down Ukraine's leaders, says Zelensky". inews.co.uk. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "La Russie remplace son général chargé de la logistique en pleine campagne de mobilisation". 24 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 Clark, Mason; Hird, Karolina; Stepanenko, Kateryna. "Russian General Officer Guide - MAY 11 2022". Institute for the Study of War. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  11. ↑ Seddon, Max (24 February 2022). "Vladimir Putin orders start of 'military operation' in eastern Ukraine". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  12. ↑ "declassified the new commander of the paratroopers of the Russian Federation". 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  13. ↑ Butusov, Yuri (18 February 2022). "Отвода войск РФ от границ Украины нет, а замечена новая активность врага, - Бутусов. КАРТА [No Retreat of Russian Forces from the Ukrainian Border, new enemy activity sighted - Butusov. MAP]". censor.net. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  14. 1 2 "Butcher of Aleppo' sacked as Vladimir Putin shakes up Russian top command again". The Telegraph. 25 June 2022.
  15. ↑ "Russia names new commander of its forces engaged in Ukraine". Alarabiya. 8 October 2022.
  16. ↑ "Суровикин – заместитель. Объединенная группировка войск в зоне СВО получила ового командующего". fontanka.ru - новости Санкт-Петербурга (in Russian). 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  17. ↑ "FY23 SCSS#2, 15 November 2022: "Militaries, Mercenaries, Militias and Morale and the Ukraine War"". 16 November 2022.
  18. ↑ "Песков рассказал, кто присутствовал на совещании с Путиным в зоне СВО" [Peskov told who was present at the meeting with Putin in the NVO zone]. РИА Новости (in Russian). 18 April 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.; "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 18, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
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  20. ↑ "Prosecutor General's Office identifies Russian military unit responsible for Dnipro attack". 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  21. ↑ Rana, Manveen. "Volodymyr Zelensky: Russian mercenaries ordered to kill Ukraine's president". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
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  25. 1 2 3 "ISW says competition between Russian PMCs is growing in Bakhmut". Ukrainska Pravda. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  26. ↑ "Shoigu deploys his Private Military Company, which competes with Wagner Group, to war against Ukraine". Ukrainska Pravda. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  27. ↑ "A mercenaries' war How Russia's invasion of Ukraine led to a 'secret mobilization' that allowed oligarch Evgeny Prigozhin to win back Putin's favor". Meduza. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  28. ↑ "Convicts in arms - Russian convicts are now used to fuel the war in Ukraine: the military, the PMCs, and the Kremlin all want to deploy them to the frontlines as cannon fodder". Novaya Gazeta Europe. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  29. 1 2 "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 21" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War. 21 August 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
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  31. ↑ Jones, Andrew (23 June 2023). "Russian space agency Roscosmos recruiting fighters for war against Ukraine: report". Space.com. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  32. ↑ "Notorious Russian nationalist Igor Mangushev shot dead in Ukraine". BBC News. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  33. ↑ "Deputy commander and entire battalion of Russian troops from South Ossetia killed in south Ukraine". Yahoo Life. 19 June 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  34. ↑ Mappes, Grace; Wolkov, Nicole; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Barros, George; Clark, Mason (11 June 2023). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 11, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
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  37. ↑ Gogarty, Conor (12 March 2022). "Russian commanders killed in Ukraine including 'brutal warlord'". WalesOnline. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022. General Magomed Tushaev died when his Chechen special forces column, including 56 tanks, was obliterated near Hostomel.
  38. ↑ "Russian security forces provided Ukrainian intelligence with data on Kadyrov's commanders in Ukraine". 10 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  39. ↑ Mendick, Robert (28 March 2022). "Devastated Mariupol teeters on the brink, but Ukrainian troops refuse to abandon the fallen". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
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  41. 1 2 3 4 "They Wanted to Reach Kyiv, Now Trying to Stop Counteroffensive: What Forces russia Gathered in the First Line of Defense". 16 June 2023.
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  97. ↑ Резервы России заканчиваются. Как Украина получила преимущество в живой силе на фронте
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  113. 1 2 ""Пусть заводят дело, я не буду больше воевать". Тысячи российских военных пытаются уволиться из армии". 18 July 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
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