The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Prior to 19th century
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- 127 CE - Purushapura becomes eastern capital of Buddhist kingdom Gandhara (approximate date).
- 978 CE - Sabaktagin defeats Jayapala.[1]
- 1001 - 27 November: Battle of Peshawar; Mahmud of Ghazni in power.
- 1006 - Mahmud of Ghazni defeats Anandapala.[2][3]
- 1180 - Mu'izz-Ud-Din Muhammad Ibn Sam in power.[2]
- 1630 - Mohabbat Khan Mosque built.
- 1758 - 8 May: Battle of Peshawar; Marathas in power.
19th century
- 1809 - Mountstuart Elphinstone arrives as ambassador to Shah Shujah.[3]
- 1810 - Wazir Bagh (garden) laid out.
- 1825 - Sikh Ranjit Singh in power.[4]
- 1834
- Hari Singh Nalwa in power.
- Bala Hissar (fort) rebuilt.[5]
- 1838 - Italian Paolo Avitabile in power.[6][3]
- 1849
- British in power.[7][3]
- Gorak Nath Temple built.[8]
- 1850s - Grand Trunk Road Lahore-Peshawar extension constructed (approximate date).[9]
- 1851 - Peshawar cemetery established.[10]
- 1860 - Flood.[11]
- 1867 - Municipality constituted.[12]
- 1868
- British Peshawar Cantonment laid out near city.
- Population: 56,589 (city); 58,555 (municipality).[11]
- 1881 - Population: 79,982.[13]
- 1882 - Sethi Mohallah residence built.[14]
- 1883 - All Saints Church opens in cantonment.[5]
- 1891 - Population: 54,191.[12]
- 1900
- Cunningham clock tower built.[10]
- Edwardes College established.[10]
20th century
- 1901
- City becomes capital of the North-West Frontier Province.[12]
- Population: 95,147.[3]
- 1906 - Victoria Hall built.
- 1907 - Peshawar Museum founded.
- 1909 - Ancient Buddhist Kanishka casket discovered by archaeologists in Shah-ji-Dheri near city.
- 1913 - Islamia College established.[15]
- 1922 - Kapoor Haveli (residence) built.
- 1925 - Khaiber railway built.[16]
- 1930
- 23 April: Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre.
- Novelty cinema opens.[17]
- 1932 - Khyber Mail newspaper begins publication.[18]
- 1934 - Landsdowne cinema opens.[17]
- 1936 - Radio station begins broadcasting.[19]
- 1939 - Al Falah newspaper begins publication.[20]
- 1941
Independence: since 1947
- 1947 - City becomes part of the Dominion of Pakistan.
- 1948 - City becomes capital of the Peshawar province.[2]
- 1949 - Frontier Corps military reserve headquartered in Bala Hissar (fort).[10]
- 1950
- University of Peshawar established.
- Shahab-e-saqib and Qallandar Urdu-language newspapers begin publication.[20]
- 1951 - Population: 151,776.[21]
- 1954 - Khyber Medical College established.
- 1955
- City becomes part of West Pakistan.[2]
- The Statesman English-language newspaper begins publication.[20]
- Abasin Arts Society established.
- 1956 - City becomes part of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
- 1958 - Amal newspaper begins publication.[20]
- 1964 - Peshawar Press Club founded.
- 1965 - Bacha Khan International Airport in operation.
- 1972 - Population: 268,366.[22]
- 1975
- Qayyum Stadium opens.
- Hayatabad suburb established.[23]
- 1976 - Wahdat Pashto-language newspaper begins publication.
- 1977 - Shahādat newspaper begins publication.[18]
- 1980 - May: Explosion at Jamiat Islami Afghanistan headquarters.[24]
- 1981
- 1982
- Jalozai Afghan refugee camp in operation.[23]
- Afghan Islamic Press news agency established.
- 1984 - Mujāhid Wulas newspaper begins publication.[18]
- 1985
- Karkhano Market and Nishtar Hall[25] established.
- The Frontier Post (English-language) newspaper begins publication.[20]
- 1987 - Frontier Times in publication (approximate date).[18]
- 1994 - Bus hijacking.
- 1995 - Bombing.
- 1996 - Qalb-e-Asia Cultural Centre established.[23]
- 1998 - Population: 982,816.[26]
21st century
- 2004 - Peshawar Panthers cricket team formed.
- 2007 - 15 May: suicide Hotel bombing.
- 2008 - 6 September and 5 December: Bombings.[27]
- 2009
- 5 March: Bombing at Rahman Baba shrine.[28]
- 9 June: Pearl Continental hotel bombing.
- 9 October: Bombing in Khyber Bazaar.
- 28 October: Bombing in Mina Bazar.
- 19 November: Judicial complex bombing.
- 2010
- 5 April: attack on the United States consulate.
- 19 April: Bombing in Qissa Khwani Bazaar.[29]
- July - August: Flood.
- Air pollution in Peshawar reaches annual mean of 111 PM2.5 and 540 PM10, much higher than recommended.[30]
- 2011
- PIA Planetarium inaugurated.
- Saeed Book Bank closes.[31]
- 9 March: Suicide bombing.
- 10 May: Car bombing kills a journalist.
- 12 June: Double bombing in Khyber market area.
- 2012 - 15 December: Bacha Khan International Airport attack.
- 2013
- 21 June: Suicide bombing at Shia mosque in Gulshan Colony.
- 22 September: Double suicide bombing at a church.
- 29 September: Bombing at Qissa Khwani Bazaar.
- 2014
- 2 and 11 February: Cinema bombings.
- 16 December: School massacre.
- 2015 - 13 February: Mosque attack.
- 2016 - 16 March: Bus bombing.
- 2017
- Population: 1,970,042.[32]
- 15 February: Hayatabad bombing.
- 8 May: Bombings.
- Dengue outbreak.
- 24 November: Police vehicle attack.
- 1 December: Agricultural Directorate attack.
- 2018 - 10 July : Bombing.
- 2020 - 27 October: School boombing.
- 2022 - 4 March: Mosque attack.
See also
- History of Peshawar
- Timelines of other cities in Pakistan: Karachi, Lahore
- Urbanisation in Pakistan
References
- ↑ Balfour 1885.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Davies 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Britannica 1910.
- ↑ Jocquim Hayward Stocqueler (1848), Oriental Interpreter and Treasury of East India Knowledge, London: C. Cox, OCLC 3145677, OL 13521975M
- 1 2 "Peshawar". Pakistan. Lonely Planet. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ↑ Ross 1883.
- 1 2 Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, OL 6112221M
- ↑ "Life and times of Peshawar's Kaka Ram". Qissa Khwani. 21 June 2012.
Originally published by The News on Sunday, 17 June 2012
- ↑ Mill, John Stuart (1858), Memorandum of the Improvements in the Administration of India During the Last Thirty Years: And the Petition of the East-India Company to Parliament, East India Company
- 1 2 3 4 Directorate of Information Technology, Web Portal Management Cell. "About Us: Town & Places". Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Official Gateway to Government. Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- 1 2 Gazetteer 1883.
- 1 2 3 Gazetteer of India 1908.
- ↑ Thornton 1886.
- ↑ "Forgotten in the 'lost-and-found' of our heritage". Daily Times. 6 May 2006.
- ↑ Schellinger 1996.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Islam 1927.
- 1 2 "Curtain going down on cinema culture in Peshawar". Daily Times. Pakistan. 2 February 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 "Peshawar (Pakistan) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ↑ "Bollywood's Shah Rukh Khan, Dilip Kumar and the Peshawar club". BBC News. 28 November 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Pakistan". Far East and Australasia 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2002. p. 1160+. ISBN 9781857431339.
- ↑ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 3 4 Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (2006), Afghans in Peshawar: Migration, settlements and social networks, Case Study Series, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- ↑ "Peshawar a hot-bed of spies and plotters". New Sunday Times. Malaysia. 2 November 1980.
- ↑ "Nishtar Hall to host musical concert today after five years". Daily Times. Lahore. May 27, 2008.
- ↑ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- ↑ Farhan Janjua (5 December 2008). "Pakistan: Deadly Bomb Blast in Peshawar". Global Voices.
- ↑ "Taliban attack the tomb of Rahman Baba in Peshawar". Let Us Build Pakistan. 8 March 2009.
- ↑ "Bomb blast hits Pakistan protest". Al Jazeera English. 19 April 2010.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Closure: Final page turns on Saeed Book Bank Peshawar". Express Tribune. Karachi. 24 February 2011.
- ↑ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
Bibliography
- Published in 19th century
- Edward Thornton (1844), "Peshawer", Gazetteer of the Countries Adjacent to India on the Northwest, London: W.H. Allen, hdl:2027/nyp.33433000638944, OCLC 6141828
- E.G.G. Hastings (1878), Report on the Settlement of the Peshawar District of the Punjab, Lahore
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Towns, Municipalities, and Cantonments". Gazetteer of the Peshawar District. 1883. p. 287+. OCLC 663560992.
- David Ross (1883), "Peshawar", Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Sketches Historical and Descriptive, London: Chapman and Hall
- Edward Balfour (1885), "Peshawur", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
- Edward Thornton (1886), "Peshawar", in Roper Lethbridge and Arthur N. Wollaston (ed.), Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the Viceroy of India, London: W. H. Allen & Co., OCLC 710600
- Published in 20th century
- The Punjab, its Feudatories, and the North-West Frontier Province. Census of India, 1901. Vol. 17, Part 2. Simla. 1902.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Part 1 - "Peshawar City", Imperial Gazetteer of India (New ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 282–283.
- "Peshawar", Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon (8th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1911
- "Peshawar". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1927. p. 1066. ISBN 9789004097926. OCLC 39715711.
- Peshawar District Gazetteer, Lahore, 1933
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Ahmad Hasan Dani (1969). Peshawar, Historic City of the Frontier. Peshawar. OCLC 556485417.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Peshawar". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 669+. ISBN 9781884964046.
- Published in 21st century
- Maneesha Tikekar (2004), "Peshawar", Across the Wagah: an Indian's sojourn in Pakistan, New Delhi: Promilla & Co. in association with Bibliophile South Asia, New Jersey, ISBN 8185002347
- C.C. Davies; C.E. Bosworth (2007). "Peshawar". In C. E. Bosworth (ed.). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 426+. ISBN 9789004153882.
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