The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tehran, Iran.
Prior to 20th century
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- 1553 – City wall built.[1]
- 1576 - Golestan Palace completed.
- 1660 - Grand Bazaar reported to be open.
- 1723 – Afghans (Pashtuns) occupy the city.[2]
- 1751 – Takht-e Marmar built.
- 1759 – Khalvat Karim Khani built (approximate date).
- 1785 – Town besieged by forces of Agha Mohammad.[3]
- 1786 – Mohammad Khan Qajar moves Iran's capital from Sari to Tehran.[3][4]
- 1790 – Palace built (later became Qasr Prison).
- 1796 – Population: less than 15,000.[5]
- 1810-25 - Construction of Shah Mosque. [2]
- 1829 – 11 February: Russian embassy attacked; Alexander Griboyedov and others killed.[3]
- 1834 – Ali Mirza Zill-i Sultan in power.[3]
- 1835 – Mohammad Shah Qajar in power.[3]
- 1837 – Kaghaz-e Akhbar (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1851 – Dar ul-Funun (school) founded.
- 1861 – 1 March: Unrest.[3]
- 1865 – Golestan Palace rebuilt.
- 1867 – Shams-ol-Emareh built.
- 1869
- City expanded by Naser al-Din Shah.[2]
- Population: 155,000.[6]
- 1872 – Jolfa-Tabriz-Tehran telegraph begins operating (approximate date).[7]
- 1873
- 1881 – Baharistan Palace built.[8]
- 1883 – Abyaze Palace built.
- 1888 – Teheran-Abd-al-Azim Railway begins operating.[9] [2]
- 1889 – Imperial Bank of Persia headquartered in Tehran.[9]
- 1896
- 1 May: Assassination of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar; Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar in power.[3]
- Tarbiyat newspaper begins publication.
- 1899 – Tehran School of Political Sciences established.
20th century
1900s–1940s
- 1906
- 1907
- 31 August: Assassination of Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan.[3]
- German School established.[2]
- 1908
- Khalil-Khan Saghfi Alam-Edoleh becomes mayor.
- Bombardment of Iranian parliament by Russian forces.[3]
- 1909
- 13–15 July: City taken by nationalist forces of Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari.[3]
- 18 July: Ahmad Shah Qajar in power.[3]
- 1910 – Mirza Abbaskhan Mohandes Bashi Hodud becomes mayor.
- 1911 – Population: approximately 280,000.[2]
- 1914 – Ebrahim-Khan Yomn-Olsaltaneh Monaghah becomes mayor.[11]
- 1918
- School of Law established.
- Conservatory of Music founded.
- 1919 – Armaḡān literary journal begins publication.(fa)
- 1920 – Iran Club (football) founded.
- 1921
- 21 February: Persian Cossack forces occupy city during the 1921 Persian coup d'état.[3]
- Zia'eddin Tabatabaee becomes mayor.
- 1923 – Karim Buzarjomehri becomes mayor.
- 1925 / 1304 SH – 31 March: Solar Hijri calendar legally adopted in Iran.
- 1926 – Ettela'at newspaper begins publication.
- 1929 – Governmental Technical Institute founded.
- 1931 – University of Tehran Botanical Garden founded.[12]
- 1932 – The Second Eastern Women's Congress takes place in Tehran in Iran.
- 1934
- University of Tehran inaugurated.
- Gholi Hooshmand becomes mayor.[11]
- 1937
- National Library of Iran inaugurated.
- Marble Palace completed.
- 1938
- Trans-Iranian Railway (Bandar Shah-Tehran-Bandar Shahpur) in operation.
- Ghasem Soor-Esrafil becomes mayor.[11]
- 1939
- Rangsazi Iran was founded
- 1940
- 1941 – Mostafa Gholi Ram becomes mayor, succeeded by Mohammad Sajjadi.
- 1942
- 1943
- Tehran Conference held.[14]
- Fazlollah Bahrami becomes mayor, succeeded by Abbasgholi Golshaeeyan.[11]
- 1944 – Gholam-Hossein Ebtehaj becomes mayor.[11]
- 1945
- Fada'iyan-e Islam (political group) founded.[15]
- Mahmood Nariman becomes mayor, succeeded by Mehdi Mashayekhi.[11]
- 1947
- Institut français d'iranologie de Téhéran founded.
- Mohammad Khalatbari becomes mayor, succeeded by Hesamedin Dolatabadi.[11]
- 1949
- Apadana art gallery opens.[16]
- Mohammad Mehran becomes mayor.
1950s–1960s
- 1950 – Mehdi Namdar becomes mayor.[11]
- 1951
- Arsalan Khalatbari becomes mayor, succeeded by Mohammad Mehran.[11]
- Embassy of the United States, Tehran built.
- 1952 – Nostratollah Amini becomes mayor.
- 1953
- August – Coup d'état.
- Mohsen Nasr becomes mayor.[11]
- City Park created.
- 1954 – Mohammad-Ali Saffari becomes mayor, succeeded by Gholam-Hossein Ebtehaj.
- 1955
- Nosratollah Montasser becomes mayor.
- Alavi Institute founded.
- 1956
- Allameh Tabatabai University established.
- Population: 1,512,032.[6]
- Mahmood Davaloo becomes mayor.[11]
- 1957 – Mousa Maham becomes mayor.
- 1958
- Tehran Polytechnic and Tehran Zoo[17] established.
- Tehran Biennial art exhibit begins.[16]
- Mousa Maham becomes mayor.
- Ekbatan Town (Persian: شهرک اکباتان - Shahrak e Ekbātān).
- 1959
- Nasser Zolfaghari becomes mayor.[11]
- World Wrestling Championships held.
- 1960
- Fathollah Forood becomes mayor.[11]
- Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran established.
- 1961
- Mohsen Nasr becomes mayor.[11]
- German Speaking Evangelical Church, Tehran built.
- 1962
- Ahmad Nafisi becomes mayor.
- Tehran War Cemetery built.
- 1963
- Ali Akbar Tavana becomes mayor, succeeded by Ziaedin Shadman.[11]
- Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club established.
- Population: 2,317,116 (estimate).[18]
- 1964
- Higher Educational Institute For Girls founded.
- International Regional Cooperation for Development headquartered in Tehran.[19]
- 1965
- Mohandes Taghi Sarlak becomes mayor.
- Aryamehr Technical University and Hosseiniyeh Ershad (institute)[15] founded.
- 1966
- 1967 – Mohammad-Ali Saffari becomes mayor, succeeded by Manouchehr Pirooz.
- 1968
- April–May: International Conference on Human Rights held in city.[22][23]
- Tehran derby (football contest) begins.
- National Botanical Garden of Iran established.
- Niavaran Palace built.
- Javad Shahrestani becomes mayor.
- 1969 – Gholamreza Nikpey becomes mayor.
1970s–1990s
- 1971
- February: International OPEC meeting held in city; "Tehran Agreement" signed.[19]
- Azadi Tower and Azadi Stadium built.
- 1972
- Teatr-e Shahr (theatre) and National Arts Museum inaugurated.
- Evin Prison built.
- Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, USA.[24]
- 1973
- Apadana Stadium opens in Ekbatan.
- Population: 4,002,000 (approximate).[25]
- 1974 – September: 7th Asian Games (sport contest) held in city.
- 1976
- 16 September: Alleged UFO sighting.
- Carpet Museum of Iran founded.
- 1977 – Reza Abbasi Museum, Jamshidieh Stone Garden, and Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art[16] open.
- 1978
- 8 September: Protesters shot in Zaleh Square.
- Javad Shahrestan becomes mayor again.
- 1979
- 1 February: Ayatollah Khomeini returns.
- 30–31 March: National Iranian Islamic Republic referendum held.
- 4 November: Students seize United States embassy and its occupants; Iran hostage crisis begins.[26]
- Mohammad Tavasoli becomes mayor.
- Tehran Times newspaper begins publication.
- 1980
- Reza Zavarehi becomes mayor, succeeded by Seyed amal ol-din Neek Ravesh.[11]
- Iranian legislative election, 1980 (Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr) held.
- German Embassy School Tehran inaugurated.
- 1981
- 28 June: Hafte Tir bombing.
- Apadana Residential Complex built.
- Gholam-Hossein Deljoo becomes mayor.[11]
- 1982
- Mohammad Kazem Seyfian becomes mayor.
- Population: 5,734,000 (estimate).[27]
- 1983
- Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia and Institut Français de Recherche en Iran established.
- Hossein Bonakdar becomes mayor, succeeded by Mohammad-Nabi Habibi.[11]
- Musala of Tehran built.
- 1985 – Abrar newspaper begins publication.[28]
- 1986 – Concept of "Greater Tehran" in use.[20]
- 1987 – Morteza Tabatabaei becomes mayor.[11]
- 1988
- Tehran International Book Fair begins.
- Gholamhossein Karbaschi becomes mayor.
- 1989
- 11 June: Funeral of Ayatollah Khomeini.
- Mausoleum of Khomeini built.
- Tehran International Puppet Theatre Festival begins.[29]
- 1991 – Bahman Cultural Center opens.
- 1992
- February: International Economic Cooperation Organisation summit held in Tehran.[19]
- Hamshahri newspaper begins publication.
- Trolleybus begins operating.
- Iranian Crown Jewels on display at the Central Bank.
- 1996 – Population: 6,758,845.[30]
- 1997 – November: 1st West Asian Games (sport contest) held in city.
- 1999
- February: Local election held
- July: Student protest.[26]
- Tehran Metro begins operating.
- City Council of Tehran begins.
- Morteza Alviri becomes mayor.
21st century
2000s
- 2002
- Mohammad-Hassan Malekmadani elected mayor, succeeded by acting mayor Mohmmad-Hossein Moghimi.
- Shahid Dastgerdi Stadium and Shahid Derakhshan Stadium built.
- Film Museum of Iran in Bagh-e Ferdows and Iranian National Museum of Medical Sciences History open.
- 2003
- February: Local election held.
- June: Protest against clerics.[26]
- Al Alam television begins broadcasting.
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad becomes mayor.
- 2004
- February: Asian Indoor Athletics Championships held in city.
- Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport opens.
- 2005
- 6 December: Iranian Air Force C-130 crash occurs.
- Tehran International Tower and Bank Markazi Tower built.
- Ali Saeedlou becomes mayor, succeeded by Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf.
- 2006
- Population: 7.5 million (approximate).
- Iran Dokht magazine headquartered in Tehran.[31]
- 2007
- Milad Tower built.
- Tehran Peace Museum opens.
- International Festival of Peace Poetry begins.
- 2008
- Tehran Bus Rapid Transit begins operating.
- Safir Office Machines Museum and Mellat Cinema Complex open.
- 2009 – Election protests.
2010s
- 2010
- January: Assassination of scientist Masoud Alimohammadi in Gheytarieh.[26]
- April: International Conference on Disarmament and Non-Proliferation held in city.
- May: International 14th G-15 summit held in city.
- Election protests.
- Disappeared statues.
- 2011
- Protests.
- November: British Embassy attacked.[26]
- Population: 8,154,051.[32]
- 2012 – August: International 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement held in city.
- 2013 – Local election.
- 2014
See also
References
- 1 2 Eckart Ehlers. "Cities: Modern Urbanization and Modernization in Persia". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Britannica 1910.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Bosworth 2007.
- ↑ Hambly, Gavin R.G. (1991). "Agha Muhammad Khan and the Establishment of the Qajar Dynasty." The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 104–144. ISBN 9780521200950.
- ↑ G.A. Olivier (1802), Reise durch das Türkische Reich, Egypten und Persien, während der ersten sechs Jahre der französischen Republik oder von 1792 bis 1798 (in German), Weimar: Verlag des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, OCLC 13068445 Quoted in: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911.
- 1 2 3 4 Firoozi 1974.
- ↑ Hooshang Amirahmadi (2012). Political Economy of Iran under the Qajars: Society, Politics, Economics and Foreign Relations 1796–1936. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-258-4.
- 1 2 Baedeker 1914.
- 1 2 "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1922.
- ↑ J. Calmard (1988). "Bast". Encyclopædia Iranica.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Previous Mayors". Tehran Municipality, Public & International Relations Department. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "Garden Search: Iran". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ↑ McFarland 1942.
- ↑ Richard Overy, ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939–1945. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6.
- 1 2 John L. Esposito (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.
- 1 2 3 "Iran, 1900 A.D.–present". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ↑ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. pp. 369+. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
- 1 2 3 Richard Green (2004). Chronology of International Organizations. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-35590-6.
- 1 2 Hourcade 2005.
- ↑ Christopher Markiewicz and Nir Shafir, ed. (2014). "Malek National Library and Museum". Hazine: a Guide to Researching the Middle East and Beyond.
- ↑ International Conference on Human Rights Teheran (1968), Final Act, United Nations, OL 5452289M
- ↑ Edmund Jan Osmańczyk (2003). Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5.
- ↑ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". USA: City of Los Angeles. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 BBC News (16 August 2011). "Iran Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ↑ Don Rubin; et al., eds. (2001), World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific, Routledge, ISBN 9780415260879
- ↑ "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5.
- ↑ Monroe Price (ed.). "Wiki". Iran Media Program (in English and Persian). University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
- ↑ "Freak Sandstorm". BBC. 2 June 2014.
This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- "Shah of Persia", Quarterly Review, London: John Murray, no. 269, pp. 258+, 1873, hdl:2027/njp.32101076533361. (includes brief description of Tehran)
- Edward Balfour (1885), "Teheran", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
- S.G.W. Benjamin (1885). "The City of Teheran". Century Magazine. 31 (2).
- Samuel Greene Wheeler Benjamin (1887), "The City of Teheran", Persia and the Persians, London: J. Murray
- George Nathaniel Curzon (1892), "Teheran", Persia and the Persian Question, London: Longmans, Green & Co., OCLC 3444074
- "Teheran", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, hdl:2027/njp.32101065312959
- "Teheran", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 12, New York, 1906, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282441
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Abraham Valentine Williams Jackson (1906), "Tehran", Persia Past and Present: a Book of Travel and Research, New York: Macmillan
- Houtum-Schindler, Albert (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 506–507.
- "Teheran", Russia with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking, Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 1328163
- "Teheran". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1936. p. 713?+. ISBN 9004097961.
- Stephen L. McFarland (1985). "Anatomy of an Iranian Political Crowd: The Tehran Bread Riot of December 1942". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 17 (1): 51–65. doi:10.1017/S0020743800028762. JSTOR 163309. S2CID 153740042.
- Ferydoon Firoozi (1974). "Tehran: A Demographic and Economic Analysis". Middle Eastern Studies. 10 (1): 60–76. doi:10.1080/00263207408700263. JSTOR 4282511.
- Hushang Bahrambeygui (1977), Tehran: an urban analysis, Sahâb, OCLC 5672777
- Mansoureh Ettehadieh Nezam-Mafi. "Patterns in Urban Development: the Growth of Tehran (1852–1903)", in Edmund Bosworth and Carole Hillenbrand, eds., Qajar Iran: Political, Social and Cultural Change 1800–1925 (Costa Mesa: Mazda, 1992), pp. 199–212.
- Ali Madanipour. Tehran: The Making of a Metropolis (New York: John Wiley, 1998).
- Xavier de Planhol (2004). "Tehran". Encyclopædia Iranica.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Tehran". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 503–519. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Tehran", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 348+, ISBN 9781576079195
- Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Tehran". Encyclopædia Iranica.
in other languages
- Xavier de Planhol. "De la ville islamique à la métropole iranienne: quelques aspects du développement contemporain de Téhéran," dans Recherches sur la géographie humaine de l'Iran septentrional (in French) (Paris: 1964).
- Paul Vieille and K. Moheni, "Ecologie culturelle d'une ville islamique: Téhéran," Revue Géographique de l'Est 9:3–4 (1969): 315–359. (in French)
- Paul Vieille. Marché des terrains et société urbaine. Recherche sur la ville de Tehran (in French) (Paris: Anthropos, 1970).
- Bernard Hourcade [in French] (1974). "Téhéran: évolution récente d'une métropole". Méditerranée (in French). 16 – via Persée.
- Martin Seger [in German] (1975). "Strukturelemente der Stadt Teheran und das Modell der modernen orientalischen Stadt". Erdkunde (in German) (29). ISSN 0014-0015.
- Martin Seger (1978). Tehran: Eine stadtgeographische Studie (in German). Springer. ISBN 0387813683.
- Chahryar Adle; Bernard Hourcade, eds. (1992). Téhéran capitale bicentenaire. Bibliothèque Iranienne (in French and English). Paris: Institut français de recherche en Iran. ISBN 2-87723-055-4.
- Bernard Hourcade (2005). "L'émergence des banlieues de Téhéran". Cahiers d'études sur la Méditerranée orientale et le monde turco-iranien (in French) (24: Métropoles et métropolisation).
- Mina Saïdi-Sharouz, ed. (2013). Le Téhéran des quartiers populaires: Transformation urbaine et société civile en République islamique (in French). Paris: Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-8111-0931-8.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Tehran.
- Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Tehran". Bibliographia Iranica. USA: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
- "Tehran". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013.
- ArchNet. "Tehran". Archived from the original on 10 October 2012.
- Map of Tehran, 1947.
- Items related to Tehran, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Tehran, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
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