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Lists |
Planets |
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The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the discoverer(s) listed.
Historically the naming of moons did not always match the times of their discovery. Traditionally, the discoverer enjoys the privilege of naming the new object; however, some neglected to do so (E. E. Barnard stated he would "defer any suggestions as to a name" [for Amalthea] "until a later paper"[1] but never got around to picking one from the numerous suggestions he received) or actively declined (S. B. Nicholson stated "Many have asked what the new satellites [Lysithea and Carme] are to be named. They will be known only by the numbers X and XI, written in Roman numerals, and usually prefixed by the letter J to identify them with Jupiter."[2]). The issue arose nearly as soon as planetary satellites were discovered: Galileo referred to the four main satellites of Jupiter using numbers while the names suggested by his rival Simon Marius gradually gained universal acceptance. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) eventually started officially approving names in the late 1970s. With the explosion of discoveries in the 21st century, new moons have once again started to be left unnamed even after their numbering, beginning with Jupiter LI and Jupiter LII in 2010.
Key info
In the following tables, planetary satellites are indicated in bold type (e.g. Moon) while planets and dwarf planets, which directly circle the Sun, are in italic type (e.g. Earth). The Sun itself is indicated in roman type. The tables are sorted by publication/announcement date. Dates are annotated with the following symbols:
- i: for date of first imaging (photography, etc.);
- o: for date of first human visual observation, either through telescope or on photographic plate;
- p: for date of announcement or publication.
In a few cases, the date is uncertain and is then marked "(?)".
* Note: Moons marked by an asterisk (*) had complicated discoveries. Some took years to be confirmed, and in several cases were actually lost and rediscovered. Others were found in Voyager photographs years after they were taken.
- Color legend
The Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, and their natural satellites are marked in the following colors:
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It is not known precisely how many objects in the Solar System are dwarf planets; the nine objects listed in the third column are those agreed on by most astronomers, corresponding to a threshold of about 900 km diameter. There may be more; here, all objects with estimated diameter over 700 km are included as dwarf planet candidates, listed in the fourth column. In particular, Salacia and Varda each have a rather large moon, and current estimates for their densities still leave open the possibility that they are dwarf planets.
- Designations
- Other designations are synonyms or periphrases sometimes encountered for the object.
- Permanent designations (of planetary satellites) are explained here.
- Temporary designations are explained here.
If a satellite is named, its name is bolded; if it is unnamed, but has a permanent designation, then its permanent designation is bolded; and if it has neither, then its temporary designation is bolded.
Prehistorically discovered
Prehistory | ||||
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Name | Image | Other designation | Notes | |
Sun | ![]() | Star | In the geocentric model, developed in Ancient Greece, then standardized by Ptolemy in the 2nd century, the Earth was believed to be at the center of the cosmos. Seven planets were placed in orbit around it in an order of increasing distance from the Earth, as established by the Greek Stoics: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. This list included two objects, the Sun and the Moon, which are now not generally considered planets. In the 5th century BCE, the Greek philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas speculated separately that the Earth was a sphere revolving daily around some mystical "central fire" that regulated the universe. Anaxagoras proposed that the Sun is a star around 450 BCE. In the 3rd century BCE, Aristarchus of Samos extended this idea by proposing that the Earth and other planets moved around a definite central object, which he believed to be the Sun though this was not widely accepted until the 17th century and not proven until the 19th.[3] | |
Earth | ![]() | 3rd Planet | Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the subject of historical misconception for centuries.[4][5] Earth was never formally 'discovered' because it was never an unrecognized entity by humans. However, its shared identity with other bodies as a "planet" is a historically recent discovery.
The Earth's position in the Solar System was correctly described in the heliocentric model proposed by Aristarchus of Samos.[6] | |
Moon | ![]() |
Earth I | In the Copernican system, the Moon was considered to be no longer a planet but a natural satellite of the Earth, and was originally thought to be the only body in that system whose revolution was not centered on the Sun. | |
Mercury | ![]() |
1st Planet | Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn were identified by ancient Babylonian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BC.[7] They were correctly identified as orbiting the Sun by Aristarchus of Samos, and later in Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric system[8] (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, 1543) | |
Venus | ![]() | 2nd Planet | ||
Mars | ![]() | 4th Planet | ||
Jupiter | ![]() | 5th Planet | ||
Saturn | ![]() | 6th Planet |
17th century
17th century | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Name | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes | |
1610s | |||||
o: 7 January 1610 p: 13 March 1610 |
Ganymede | ![]() | Jupiter III | Galileo[9][10] discovered the Galilean moons. These satellites were the first celestial objects that were confirmed to orbit an object other than the Sun or Earth. Galileo saw Io and Europa as a single point of light on 7 January 1610; they were seen as separate bodies the following night.[11] | |
Callisto | ![]() | Jupiter IV | |||
o: 8 January 1610 p: 13 March 1610 |
Io | ![]() | Jupiter I | ||
Europa | ![]() | Jupiter II | |||
1650s | |||||
o: 25 March 1655 p: 5 March 1656 |
Titan | ![]() | Saturn VI Saturn II (1673–1684), Saturn IV (1686–1789) |
Huygens[12] first "published" his discovery as an anagram, sent out on 13 June 1655; later published in pamphlet form as De Saturni luna Observatio Nova and in full in Systema Saturnium[13] (July 1659). | |
1670s | |||||
o: 25 October 1671 p: 1673 |
Iapetus | ![]() | Saturn VIII Saturn III (1673–1684), Saturn V (1686–1789), Saturn VII (1789–1848) |
Cassini[14] | |
o: 23 December 1672 p: 1673 |
Rhea | ![]() | Saturn V Saturn I (1673–1684), Saturn III (1686–1789) | ||
1680s | |||||
o: 21 March 1684 p: 22 April 1686 |
Tethys | ![]() | Saturn III Saturn I (1686–1789) |
Cassini[15]
Together with his previous two discoveries, Cassini named these satellites Sidera Lodoicea. In his work Kosmotheôros[16] (published posthumously in 1698), Christiaan Huygens relates "Jupiter you see has his four, and Saturn his five Moons about him, all plac’d in their Orbits." | |
Dione | ![]() | Saturn IV Saturn II (1686–1789) | |||
Date | Name | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
The numbering of Saturn's moons was adjusted with each new discovery until 1848, in order to continue reflecting their order from their parent planet.
18th century
18th century | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Name | Image | Other/Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
1780s | ||||
o: March 13, 1781 p: April 26, 1781 |
Uranus | ![]() | 7th Planet | Herschel first reported the discovery of Uranus on April 26, 1781, initially believing it to be a comet.[17] |
o: January 11, 1787 p: February 15, 1787 |
Titania | ![]() | Uranus III Uranus I (1787–1797) |
Herschel.[18][19] He later reported four more spurious satellites.[20] |
Oberon | ![]() | Uranus IV Uranus II (1787–1797) | ||
o: August 28, 1789[21] p: November 12, 1789 |
Enceladus | ![]() | Saturn II | Herschel[22] |
o: September 17, 1789 p: November 12, 1789 |
Mimas | ![]() | Saturn I | |
Date | Name | Image | Other/Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
The numbering of Titania and Oberon underwent some confusion, because in 1797, Herschel reported four more satellites of Uranus[23] that turned out not to exist. Before any more Uranian moons were discovered, William Lassell sometimes adopted Herschel's numbers where Titania and Oberon are respectively Uranus II and IV,[24] and sometimes called them respectively Uranus I and II.[25] After he discovered Ariel and Umbriel in 1851, Lassell numbered the four real Uranian satellites then known outward from their parent planet as I (Ariel), II (Umbriel), III (Titania), and IV (Oberon), and this finally stuck.[26]
19th century
19th century | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Name | Image | Other/Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
1800s | ||||
o: January 1, 1801 p: January 24, 1801 |
Ceres | ![]() |
8th Planet (1801) Asteroid (1851) Dwarf planet (2006) | Giuseppe Piazzi. He first announced his discovery on January 24, 1801, in letters to fellow astronomers.[27] The first formal publication was the September 1801 issue of the Monatliche Correspondenz.[28] |
1840s | ||||
o: September 23, 1846 p: November 13, 1846 |
Neptune | ![]() |
13th Planet (1846)[lower-alpha 1] 8th Planet (1851) |
Galle and Le Verrier[29][30] |
o: October 10, 1846 p: November 13, 1846 |
Triton | ![]() | Neptune I | Lassell[31] |
o: September 16, 1848 p: October 7, 1848 |
Hyperion | ![]() | Saturn VII | Bond, Bond,[32] Lassell[33] |
1850s | ||||
o: October 24, 1851 | Ariel | ![]() | Uranus I | Lassell[26] |
Umbriel | ![]() | Uranus II | ||
1870s | ||||
o: August 12, 1877 | Deimos | ![]() | Mars II | Hall[34][35][36] |
o: August 18, 1877 | Phobos | ![]() | Mars I | |
1890s | ||||
o: September 9, 1892 p: October 4, 1892 |
Amalthea | ![]() | Jupiter V | Barnard[1][37] |
i: August 16, 1898 o: March 17, 1899 |
Phoebe | ![]() | Saturn IX | Pickering[38][39] |
Date | Name | Image | Other/Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
The discovery of Amalthea marks the first time the Roman numerals were not adjusted with the discovery of a new satellite; from then on they reflected order of discovery rather than distance from the parent planet.
20th century
1901–1950
Early 20th century | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Name | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
1900s | ||||
i: December 3, 1904 p: January 6, 1905 |
Himalia | ![]() | Jupiter VI | Perrine[37][40][41] |
i: January 2, 1905 p: February 27, 1905 |
Elara | ![]() | Jupiter VII | Perrine[37][41][42] |
i: January 27, 1908 o: February 28, 1908 p: March 1–6, 1908 |
Pasiphae | ![]() | Jupiter VIII | Melotte[37][43][44] |
1910s | ||||
i: July 21, 1914 p: September 17, 1914 |
Sinope | ![]() | Jupiter IX | Nicholson[37][45] |
1930s | ||||
i: January 23, 1930 o: February 18, 1930 p: March 13, 1930 |
Pluto | ![]() | 9th Planet (1930) Dwarf planet (2006) | Tombaugh[46] |
i: July 6, 1938 p: August 1938 |
Lysithea | ![]() | Jupiter X | Nicholson[37][47] |
i: July 30, 1938 p: August 1938 |
Carme | ![]() | Jupiter XI | |
1940s | ||||
i: February 16, 1948 p: June 1949 |
Miranda | ![]() | Uranus V | Kuiper[37][48] |
i: May 1, 1949 p: August 1949 |
Nereid | ![]() | Neptune II | Kuiper[37][49][50] |
Date | Name | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
1951–2000
Late 20th century | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Name | Temporary Designation | Image | Permanent Designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
1950s | |||||
i: September 28, 1951 p: December 1951 |
Ananke | — | ![]() | Jupiter XII | Nicholson[51][52] |
1960s | |||||
i: December 15, 1966 p: January 3, 1967 |
Janus* | S/1966 S 2 | ![]() | Saturn X | Dollfus[51][53][54][55][56] (Dollfus may have seen either Janus or Epimetheus) |
i: December 18, 1966 p: January 6, 1967 |
Epimetheus* | S/1980 S 3 | ![]() | Saturn XI | Walker[51][57] |
1970s | |||||
i: September 11, 1974 p: September 20, 1974 |
Leda | — | ![]() | Jupiter XIII | Kowal[37][58] |
i: September 30, 1975 p: October 3, 1975 |
Themisto* | S/1975 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter XVIII | Kowal and Roemer[37][59] (Discovered and then lost) |
i: April 13, 1978 o: June 22, 1978 p: July 7, 1978 |
Charon | S/1978 P 1 | ![]() | Pluto I | Christy[60][61] |
i: July 8, 1979 p: November 23, 1979 |
Adrastea | S/1979 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter XV | Jewitt, Danielson, Voyager 2[54][62][63][64][65][66] |
1980s | |||||
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: February 26, 1980 p: March 6, 1980 |
Epimetheus* | S/1980 S 3 | ![]() | Saturn XI | [51][56][67][68][69][70] (Confirmed by Voyager 1) |
i: March 1, 1980 p: March 6, 1980 |
Helene | S/1980 S 6 | ![]() | Saturn XII | Laques, Lecacheux[37][67][68][69][70] |
i: April 8, 1980 p: April 10, 1980 |
Telesto | S/1980 S 13 | ![]() | Saturn XIII | Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain, Voyager 1[51][70][71] |
i: March 5, 1979 p: April 28, 1980 |
Thebe | S/1979 J 2 | ![]() | Jupiter XIV | Synnott, Voyager 1[51][63][64] |
i: February 19, 1980 p: June 6, 1980 |
Janus* | S/1980 S 1 | ![]() | Saturn X | [54][56][68][69][70] (Confirmed by Voyager 1) |
i: March 13, 1980 p: July 31, 1980 |
Calypso | S/1980 S 25 | ![]() | Saturn XIV | Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie[51][69][70] |
i:March 4, 1979 p: August 26, 1980 |
Metis | S/1979 J 3 | ![]() | Jupiter XVI | Synnott, Voyager 1[51][64] |
o: October 1980 p: October 31, 1980 |
Prometheus | S/1980 S 27 | ![]() | Saturn XVI | Collins, Voyager 1[72] |
Pandora | S/1980 S 26 | ![]() | Saturn XVII | Collins, Voyager 1[37][72] | |
o: October 1980 p: November 13, 1980 |
Atlas | S/1980 S 28 | ![]() | Saturn XV | Terrile, Voyager 1[51][73] |
i: May 24, 1981 p: May 29, 1981 |
Larissa* | S/1981 N 1 S/1989 N 2 | ![]() | Neptune VII | Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen, Voyager 2[37][74][75] |
i: December 30, 1985 p: January 9, 1986 |
Puck | S/1985 U 1 | ![]() | Uranus XV | Synnott, Voyager 2[37][76] |
i: January 3, 1986 p: January 16, 1986 |
Juliet | S/1986 U 2 | ![]() | Uranus XI | Synnott, Voyager 2[37][77][78] |
Portia | S/1986 U 1 | ![]() | Uranus XII | ||
i: January 9, 1986 p: January 16, 1986 |
Cressida | S/1986 U 3 | ![]() | Uranus IX | |
i: January 13, 1986 p: January 16, 1986 |
Desdemona | S/1986 U 6 | ![]() | Uranus X | |
Rosalind | S/1986 U 4 | ![]() | Uranus XIII | ||
Belinda | S/1986 U 5 | ![]() | Uranus XIV | ||
i: January 20, 1986 p: January 27, 1986 |
Cordelia | S/1986 U 7 | ![]() | Uranus VI | Terrile, Voyager 2[37][79] |
Ophelia | S/1986 U 8 | ![]() | Uranus VII | ||
i: January 23, 1986 p: January 27, 1986 |
Bianca | S/1986 U 9 | ![]() | Uranus VIII | Smith, Voyager 2[37][79] |
i: June 16, 1989 p: July 7, 1989 |
Proteus | S/1989 N 1 | ![]() | Neptune VIII | Synnott, Voyager 2[37][80] |
i: July 28, 1989 p: August 2, 1989 |
Despina | S/1989 N 3 | ![]() | Neptune V | Synnott, Voyager 2[37][75] |
Galatea | S/1989 N 4 | ![]() | Neptune VI | ||
i: September 18, 1989 p: September 29, 1989 |
Thalassa | S/1989 N 5 | ![]() | Neptune IV | Terrile, Voyager 2[37][81] |
Naiad | S/1989 N 6 | ![]() | Neptune III | ||
1990s | |||||
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: August 22, 1981 p: July 16, 1990 |
Pan* | S/1981 S 13 | ![]() | Saturn XVIII | Showalter, Voyager 2[37][82] |
i: August 23, 1981 p: April 14, 1995 |
Pallene* (see below) | S/1981 S 14 | ![]() | Saturn XXXIII | Gordon, Murray and Beurle[37][83][84] |
i: September 6, 1997 p: October 31, 1997 |
Caliban | S/1997 U 1 | ![]() | Uranus XVI | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[37][85] |
Sycorax | S/1997 U 2 | ![]() | Uranus XVII | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[85] | |
i: January 18, 1986 p: May 18, 1999 | Perdita* | S/1986 U 10 | ![]() | Uranus XXV | Karkoschka, Voyager 2[37][86] |
i: July 18, 1999 p: July 27, 1999 |
Setebos | S/1999 U 1 | ![]() | Uranus XIX | Kavelaars, Gladman, Holman, Petit, Scholl[37][87] |
Stephano | S/1999 U 2 | ![]() | Uranus XX | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl[37][87] | |
i: July 18, 1999 p: September 4, 1999 |
Prospero | S/1999 U 3 | ![]() | Uranus XVIII | Holman, Kavelaars, Gladman, Petit, Scholl[37][88] |
2000s | |||||
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: October 6, 1999 p: July 20, 2000 |
Callirrhoe | S/1999 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter XVII | Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels[37][89][90] |
i: August 7, 2000 p: October 25, 2000 |
Ymir | S/2000 S 1 | ![]() | Saturn XIX | Gladman[37][91][92] |
Paaliaq | S/2000 S 2 | ![]() | Saturn XX | ||
i: September 23, 2000 p: October 25, 2000 |
Siarnaq | S/2000 S 3 | ![]() | Saturn XXIX | Gladman, Kavelaars[37][93][94] |
Tarvos | S/2000 S 4 | ![]() | Saturn XXI | Kavelaars, Gladman[37][93][94] | |
i: August 7, 2000 p: November 18, 2000 |
Kiviuq | S/2000 S 5 | ![]() | Saturn XXIV | Gladman[37][94][95] |
i: September 23, 2000 p: November 18, 2000 |
Ijiraq | S/2000 S 6 | ![]() | Saturn XXII | Kavelaars, Gladman[37][94][95] |
i: November 21, 2000 p: November 25, 2000 |
Themisto* | S/2000 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter XVIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (Rediscovered)[37][96][97] |
i: September 23, 2000 p: December 7, 2000 |
Thrymr | S/2000 S 7 | ![]() | Saturn XXX | Gladman, Kavelaars[37][92][98] |
Skathi | S/2000 S 8 | ![]() | Saturn XXVII | Kavelaars, Gladman[37][92][98] | |
Mundilfari | S/2000 S 9 | ![]() | Saturn XXV | Gladman, Kavelaars[37][92][98] | |
Erriapus | S/2000 S 10 | ![]() | Saturn XXVIII | Kavelaars, Gladman[37][94][99] | |
i: November 9, 2000 p: December 19, 2000 |
Albiorix | S/2000 S 11 | ![]() | Saturn XXVI | Holman, Spahr[37][100][101] |
i: September 23, 2000 p: December 22, 2000 |
Suttungr | S/2000 S 12 | ![]() | Saturn XXIII | Gladman, Kavelaars[37][102][103] |
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
21st century
2000s
2000s | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: November 23, 2000 |
Kalyke | S/2000 J 2 | ![]() | Jupiter XXIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[37][104][105][106] |
Iocaste | S/2000 J 3 | ![]() | Jupiter XXIV | ||
Erinome | S/2000 J 4 | ![]() | Jupiter XXV | ||
Harpalyke | S/2000 J 5 | ![]() | Jupiter XXII | ||
Isonoe | S/2000 J 6 | ![]() | Jupiter XXVI | ||
Praxidike | S/2000 J 7 | ![]() | Jupiter XXVII | ||
i: November 25, 2000 p: January 5, 2001 |
Megaclite | S/2000 J 8 | ![]() | Jupiter XIX | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[37][104][106] |
Taygete | S/2000 J 9 | ![]() | Jupiter XX | ||
i: November 26, 2000 p: January 5, 2001 |
Chaldene | S/2000 J 10 | ![]() | Jupiter XXI | |
i: December 5, 2000 p: January 5, 2001 |
Dia | S/2000 J 11 | ![]() | Jupiter LIII | |
i: May 22, 2001 p: July 1, 2001 |
Ixion | (28978) 2001 KX76 | ![]() |
Dwarf planet candidate? | Elliot, Wasserman, Buie, Millis, Kern, Qu, Pate[107] |
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: December 9, 2001 p: May 16, 2002 |
Hermippe | S/2001 J 3 | ![]() | Jupiter XXX | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][108][109] |
Eurydome | S/2001 J 4 | ![]() | Jupiter XXXII | ||
Sponde | S/2001 J 5 | ![]() | Jupiter XXXVI | ||
Kale | S/2001 J 8 | ![]() | Jupiter XXXVII | ||
i: December 10, 2001 p: May 16, 2002 |
Autonoe | S/2001 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter XXVIII | |
i: December 11, 2001 p: May 16, 2002 |
Thyone | S/2001 J 2 | ![]() | Jupiter XXIX | |
Pasithee | S/2001 J 6 | ![]() | Jupiter XXXVIII | ||
Euanthe | S/2001 J 7 | ![]() | Jupiter XXXIII | ||
Orthosie | S/2001 J 9 | ![]() | Jupiter XXXV | ||
Euporie | S/2001 J 10 | ![]() | Jupiter XXXIV | ||
Aitne | S/2001 J 11 | ![]() | Jupiter XXXI | ||
i: January 10, 2002 p: July 20, 2002 |
(unnamed dwarf planet candidate) | (55565) 2002 AW197 | ![]() | Dwarf planet candidate? | Brown, Trujillo, Helin, Hicks, Lawrence, Pravdo[110] |
i: August 13, 2001 p: September 30, 2002 |
Trinculo | S/2001 U 1 | — | Uranus XXI | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic[37][111][112] |
i: June 4, 2002 o: June 5, 2002 p: October 7, 2002 |
Quaoar | (50000) 2002 LM60 | ![]() | Dwarf planet | Trujillo, Brown[113] |
i: June 18, 2002 p: November 21, 2002 |
(unnamed dwarf planet candidate) | (307261) 2002 MS4 | ![]() | Dwarf planet candidate? | Trujillo, Brown[114] |
i: October 31, 2002 p: December 18, 2002 |
Arche | S/2002 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter XLIII | Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry[37][115][116] |
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: July 23, 2002 p: January 13, 2003 |
Sao | S/2002 N 2 | ![]() | Neptune XI | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[37][117][118] |
i: August 10, 2002 p: January 13, 2003 |
Halimede | S/2002 N 1 | ![]() | Neptune IX | |
i: August 11, 2002 p: January 13, 2003 |
Laomedeia | S/2002 N 3 | ![]() | Neptune XII | |
i: January 13, 2003 p: January 26, 2003 |
(unnamed dwarf planet candidate) | (208996) 2003 AZ84 | ![]() | Dwarf planet candidate? | Trujillo, Brown[119] |
i: February 5, 2003 p: March 4, 2003 |
Eukelade | S/2003 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter XLVII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh[37][120][121] |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 2 | ![]() | — | ||
Eupheme | S/2003 J 3 | ![]() | Jupiter LX | ||
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 4 | ![]() | — | ||
i: February 6, 2003 p: March 4, 2003 |
Eirene | S/2003 J 5 | — | Jupiter LVII | |
Helike | S/2003 J 6 | ![]() | Jupiter XLV | ||
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 4, 2003 |
Aoede | S/2003 J 7 | — | Jupiter XLI | |
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 6, 2003 |
Hegemone | S/2003 J 8 | — | Jupiter XXXIX | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[37][122][123] |
i: February 6, 2003 p: March 7, 2003 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 9 | ![]() | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[37][124][125] |
S/2003 J 10 | ![]() | ||||
Kallichore | S/2003 J 11 | — | Jupiter XLIV | ||
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 7, 2003 |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 12 | ![]() | — | |
i: February 9, 2003 p: April 2, 2003 |
Cyllene | S/2003 J 13 | — | Jupiter XLVIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][126][127] |
i: February 8, 2003 p: April 3, 2003 |
Kore | S/2003 J 14 | ![]() | Jupiter XLIX | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][126][128] |
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 3, 2003 |
Philophrosyne | S/2003 J 15 | — | Jupiter LVIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[126][129] |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 16 | ![]() | — | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[126][130] | |
i: February 8, 2003 p: April 3, 2003 |
Herse | S/2003 J 17 | — | Jupiter L | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[37][126][131] |
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 4, 2003 |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 18 | ![]() | Jupiter LV | Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][126][132] |
i: February 5, 2003 p: April 8, 2003 |
Narvi | S/2003 S 1 | ![]() | Saturn XXXI | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][126][133] |
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 12, 2003 |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 19 | — | Jupiter LXI | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[134][135] |
i: February 9, 2003 p: April 14, 2003 |
Carpo | S/2003 J 20 | ![]() | Jupiter XLVI | Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][134][136] |
i: February 6, 2003 p: May 29, 2003 |
Mneme | S/2003 J 21 | ![]() | Jupiter XL | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[37][137][138] |
i: January 18, 1986 p: September 3, 2003 |
Perdita* | S/1986 U 10 | ![]() | Uranus XXV | Karkoschka (Recovered by the Hubble Space Telescope)[37][86][139] |
i: August 29, 2003 p: September 3, 2003 |
Psamathe | S/2003 N 1 | ![]() | Neptune X | Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars[37][140][141] |
i: August 25, 2003 p: September 25, 2003 |
Mab | S/2003 U 1 | ![]() | Uranus XXVI | Showalter, Lissauer[142] |
Cupid | S/2003 U 2 | ![]() | Uranus XXVII | ||
i: August 13, 2001 p: September 30, 2003 |
Ferdinand* | S/2001 U 2 | ![]() | Uranus XXIV | 2001: Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic; 2003: Sheppard, Jewitt[37][143][144] |
i: August 14, 2002 p: September 30, 2003 |
Neso* | S/2002 N 4 | ![]() | Neptune XIII | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[37][143][145] |
i: August 13, 2001 p: October 8, 2003 |
Francisco* | S/2001 U 3 | — | Uranus XXII | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman[37][146] |
i: August 29, 2003 p: October 9, 2003 |
Margaret | S/2003 U 3 | ![]() | Uranus XXIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Holman, Kavelaars[37][147][148] |
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: February 9, 2003 p: January 24, 2004 |
Thelxinoe* | S/2003 J 22 | — | Jupiter XLII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[37][149][150] |
i: February 6, 2003 p: January 31, 2004 |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 23* | ![]() | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[151][152] |
i: February 17, 2004 p: February 22, 2004 |
Orcus | (90482) 2004 DW | ![]() | Dwarf planet | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[153] |
i: November 14, 2003 p: March 15, 2004 |
Sedna | (90377) 2003 VB12 | ![]() | Dwarf planet | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[154] |
i: June 1, 2004 p: August 16, 2004 |
Methone | S/2004 S 1 | ![]() | Saturn XXXII | Cassini–Huygens[37][155][156][157] |
Pallene* | S/2004 S 2 =S/1981 S 14 | ![]() | Saturn XXXIII | ||
i: October 21, 2004 o: October 24, 2004 p: November 8, 2004 |
Polydeuces | S/2004 S 5 | ![]() | Saturn XXXIV | Cassini–Huygens[37][158][159] |
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 3, 2005 |
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 7 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden[37][160] |
Fornjot | S/2004 S 8 | ![]() | Saturn XLII | ||
Farbauti | S/2004 S 9 | — | Saturn XL | ||
Aegir | S/2004 S 10 | — | Saturn XXXVI | ||
Bebhionn | S/2004 S 11 | ![]() | Saturn XXXVII | ||
(unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2004 S 12 | — | — | ||
S/2004 S 13 | — | ||||
Hati | S/2004 S 14 | ![]() | Saturn XLIII | ||
Bergelmir | S/2004 S 15 | ![]() | Saturn XXXVIII | ||
i: December 13, 2004 p: May 3, 2005 |
Fenrir | S/2004 S 16 | — | Saturn XLI | |
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 17 | — | — | ||
Bestla | S/2004 S 18 | ![]() | Saturn XXXIX | ||
i: September 22, 2004 p: May 6, 2005 |
Salacia | (120347) 2004 SB60 | ![]() | Dwarf planet candidate? | Roe, Brown, Barkume[161] |
i: May 1, 2005 p: May 6, 2005 |
Daphnis | S/2005 S 1 | ![]() | Saturn XXXV | Cassini–Huygens[162] |
i: March 7, 2003 o:July 27, 2005 i: May 6, 2004 o: December 28, 2004 p: July 29, 2005 |
Haumea | (136108) 2003 EL61 | ![]() | Dwarf planet | (Ortiz, Aceituno Castro, Santos-Sanz)[37][163] or (Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz)[164] (see the Controversy over the discovery of Haumea) |
i: October 21, 2003 o: January 5, 2005 p: July 29, 2005 |
Eris | (136199) 2003 UB313 | ![]() | Dwarf planet | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[37][164][165] |
o: January 26, 2005 p: July 29, 2005 |
Hiʻiaka | S/2005 (136108) 1 | ![]() | Haumea I | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[37][166] |
i: March 31, 2005 p: July 29, 2005 |
Makemake | (136472) 2005 FY9 | ![]() | Dwarf planet | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[164][167] |
o: June 30, 2005 p: July 29, 2005 |
Namaka | S/2005 (136108) 2 | ![]() | Haumea II | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[168] |
i: September 10, 2005 p: October 3, 2005 |
Dysnomia | S/2005 (136199) 1 | ![]() | Eris I | Brown, van Dam, Bouchez, Le Mignant, Campbell, Chin, Conrad, Hartman, Johansson, Lafon, Rabinowitz, Stomski, Summers, Trujillo, Wizinowich[169] |
i: May 15, 2005 o: June 15, 2005 p: October 31, 2005 |
Nix | S/2005 P 2 | ![]() | Pluto II | Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, Buie, Merline, Spencer, Young, Young[170] |
Hydra | S/2005 P 1 | ![]() |
Pluto III | ||
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: June 21, 2003 p: January 7, 2006 |
Varda | (174567) 2003 MW12 | ![]() | Dwarf planet candidate? | Larsen[171] |
i: December 12, 2004 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006 |
Hyrrokkin | S/2004 S 19 | ![]() | Saturn XLIV | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][172][173] |
i: January 4, 2006 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006 |
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2006 S 1 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][173][174] |
Kari | S/2006 S 2 | ![]() | Saturn XLV | ||
i: January 5, 2006 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006 |
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2006 S 3 | — | — | |
Greip | S/2006 S 4 | ![]() | Saturn LI | ||
Loge | S/2006 S 5 | ![]() | Saturn XLVI | ||
Jarnsaxa | S/2006 S 6 | — | Saturn L | ||
Surtur | S/2006 S 7 | — | Saturn XLVIII | ||
Skoll | S/2006 S 8 | ![]() | Saturn XLVII | ||
i: July 21, 2006 p: September 19, 2006 |
Actaea | S/2006 (120347) 1 | ![]() | Salacia I | Noll, Levison, Stephens, Grundy[175] |
i: November 13, 2005 p: February 22, 2007 |
Vanth | S/2005 (90482) 1 | ![]() | Orcus I | Brown, Suer[176] |
i: December 2, 2005 p: February 22, 2007 |
(unnamed moon of 2003 AZ84) | S/2005 (208996) 1 | ![]() | — | Brown, Suer[176] |
i: February 14, 2006 p: February 22, 2007 |
Weywot | S/2006 (50000) 1 | ![]() | Quaoar I | Brown, Suer[176] |
i: January 5, 2006 o: January 16, 2007 (?) p: April 13, 2007 |
Tarqeq | S/2007 S 1 | ![]() | Saturn LII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[37][177][178] |
i: January 18, 2007 o: ? p: May 1, 2007 |
(unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2007 S 2 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[178][179] |
S/2007 S 3 | — | — | |||
i: June 2004 o: May 30, 2007 p: July 18, 2007 | Anthe | S/2007 S 4 | ![]() | Saturn XLIX | Cassini–Huygens[37][180] |
i: July 17, 2007 p: January 7, 2009 | Gonggong | (225088) 2007 OR10 | ![]() | Dwarf planet | Schwamb, Brown, Rabinowitz[181] |
i: August 15, 2008 p: March 3, 2009 | Aegaeon | S/2008 S 1 | ![]() | Saturn LIII | Cassini–Huygens[37][182] |
i: July 26, 2009 o: ? p: November 2, 2009 | (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2009 S 1 | ![]() | — | Cassini–Huygens[183] |
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
2010s
2010s | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: September 7, 2010 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2010 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter LI | Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman and Alexandersen[184] |
S/2010 J 2 | ![]() | Jupiter LII | Veillet[184] | ||
i: June 28, 2011 |
Kerberos | S/2011 (134340) 1 | ![]() | Pluto IV | Showalter[185][186] |
i: April 26, 2009 p: September 2011 |
Ilmarë | S/2009 (174567) 1 | ![]() | Varda I | Noll et al.[187] |
i: September 27, 2011 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2011 J 1 | — | Jupiter LXXII | Sheppard[188] |
S/2011 J 2 | — | Jupiter LVI | |||
i: June 26, 2012 |
Styx | S/2012 (134340) 1 | ![]() | Pluto V | Showalter[189] |
i: November 6, 2004 |
Hippocamp* | S/2004 N 1 | ![]() | Neptune XIV | Showalter et al.[190] |
i: March 17, 2013 p: March 31, 2014 |
(unnamed dwarf planet candidate) | (532037) 2013 FY27 | ![]() | Dwarf planet candidate? | Sheppard, Trujillo[191] |
i: April 27, 2015 |
(unnamed moon of Makemake) | S/2015 (136472) 1 | ![]() | — | Parker et al.[192][193] |
i: September 18, 2010 p: October 17, 2016 |
Xiangliu | S/2010 (225088) 1 | ![]() | Gonggong I | Marton, Kiss, Müller[194] |
i: March 8, 2016 p: June 2, 2017 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2016 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter LIV | Sheppard et al.[195][196][197] |
i: March 23, 2017 p: June 5, 2017 | S/2017 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter LIX | ||
i: March 9, 2016 p: July 17, 2018 | Valetudo | S/2016 J 2 | ![]() | Jupiter LXII | |
i: February 5, 2016 o: March 23, 2017 p: July 17, 2018 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2017 J 2 | ![]() | Jupiter LXIII | |
i: February 5, 2016 o: March 23, 2017 p: July 17, 2018 | S/2017 J 3 | ![]() | Jupiter LXIV | ||
i: March 23, 2017 p: July 17, 2018 | Pandia | S/2017 J 4 | ![]() | Jupiter LXV | |
i: March 23, 2017 p: July 17, 2018 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2017 J 5 | — | Jupiter LXVI | |
i: February 24, 2017 o: March 23, 2017 p: July 17, 2018 | S/2017 J 6 | — | Jupiter LXVII | ||
i: February 24, 2017 o: March 23, 2017 p: July 17, 2018 | S/2017 J 7 | — | Jupiter LXVIII | ||
i: March 23, 2017 p: July 17, 2018 | S/2017 J 8 | ![]() | Jupiter LXIX | ||
i: February 24, 2017 o: March 23, 2017 p: July 17, 2018 | S/2017 J 9 | — | Jupiter LXX | ||
i: March 25, 2017 o: May 11, 2018 p: July 17, 2018 | Ersa | S/2018 J 1 | ![]() | Jupiter LXXI | |
i: January 15, 2018 p: August 10, 2018 | (unnamed moon of 2013 FY27) | S/2018 (532037) 1 | ![]() | — | Sheppard[198] |
i: December 12, 2004 p: October 7, 2019 |
Gridr | S/2004 S 20 | — | Saturn LIV | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[199] |
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 21 | — | — | ||
Angrboda | S/2004 S 22 | — | Saturn LV | ||
Skrymir | S/2004 S 23 | — | Saturn LVI | ||
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 24 | — | — | ||
Gerd | S/2004 S 25 | — | Saturn LVII | ||
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 26 | — | Saturn LVIII | ||
Eggther | S/2004 S 27 | — | Saturn LIX | ||
(unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2004 S 28 | — | — | ||
S/2004 S 29 | — | Saturn LX | |||
Beli | S/2004 S 30 | — | Saturn LXI | ||
i: December 12, 2004 p: October 8, 2019 | |||||
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 31 | — | — | ||
Gunnlod | S/2004 S 32 | — | Saturn LXII | ||
Thiazzi | S/2004 S 33 | — | Saturn LXIII | ||
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 34 | — | Saturn LXIV | ||
Alvaldi | S/2004 S 35 | — | Saturn LXV | ||
(unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2004 S 36 | — | — | ||
S/2004 S 37 | — | — | |||
Geirrod | S/2004 S 38 | — | Saturn LXVI | ||
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 39 | — | — | ||
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
2020s
2020s | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
i: February 5, 2003 p: November 15, 2021 | (unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 24* | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Veillet[200] |
i: July 1, 2019 p: November 16, 2021 | (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2019 S 1 | ![]() | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[201] |
i: September 27, 2011 p: December 20, 2022 | (unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2011 J 3 | — | — | Sheppard[202][203][204][205][206] |
i: May 12, 2018 p: December 20, 2022 | S/2018 J 2 | — | — | ||
i: March 9, 2016 p: January 5, 2023 | S/2016 J 3 | — | — | ||
i: August 12, 2021 p: January 5, 2023 | S/2021 J 1 | — | — | ||
i: May 12, 2018 p: January 19, 2023 | S/2018 J 3 | — | — | ||
i: August 12, 2021 p: January 19, 2023 | S/2021 J 2 | — | — | ||
S/2021 J 3 | — | — | |||
i: August 14, 2021 p: January 19, 2023 | S/2021 J 4 | — | — | ||
i: September 5, 2021 p: January 19, 2023 | S/2021 J 5 | — | — | Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo[207] | |
i: May 11, 2018 p: January 20, 2023 | S/2018 J 4 | — | — | Sheppard[208] | |
i: September 5, 2021 p: January 20, 2023 | S/2021 J 6 | — | — | Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo[209] | |
i: March 9, 2016 p: January 24, 2023 | S/2016 J 4 | — | — | Sheppard[210][211][212][213] | |
i: August 30, 2022 p: February 22, 2023 | S/2022 J 1 | — | — | ||
i: October 15, 2022 p: February 22, 2023 | S/2022 J 2 | — | — | ||
i: August 30, 2022 p: February 22, 2023 | S/2022 J 3 | — | — | ||
i: June 24, 2020 p: May 3, 2023 | (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2020 S 1 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[214][215][216][217][218] |
i: February 1, 2006 p: May 3, 2023 | S/2006 S 9 | — | — | ||
i: January 18, 2007 p: May 3, 2023 | S/2007 S 5 | — | — | ||
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 3, 2023 | S/2004 S 40 | — | — | Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[219] | |
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 3, 2023 | S/2019 S 2 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[220] | |
S/2019 S 3 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[221] | ||
i: June 27, 2020 p: May 3, 2023 | S/2020 S 2 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[222][223] | |
i: June 24, 2020 p: May 5, 2023 | S/2020 S 3 | — | — | ||
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 5, 2023 | S/2019 S 4 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[224] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 6, 2023 | S/2004 S 41 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[225] | |
i: June 24, 2020 p: May 6, 2023 | S/2020 S 4 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[226][227] | |
S/2020 S 5 | — | — | |||
i: January 16, 2007 p: May 6, 2023 | S/2007 S 6 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[228][229][230] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 6, 2023 | S/2004 S 42 | — | — | ||
i: January 5, 2006 p: May 6, 2023 | S/2006 S 10 | — | — | ||
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 6, 2023 | S/2019 S 5 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[231] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 7, 2023 | S/2004 S 43 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[232] | |
S/2004 S 44 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman[233] | ||
i: December 13, 2004 p: May 7, 2023 | S/2004 S 45 | — | — | Jewitt, Sheppard, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[234] | |
i: January 5, 2006 p: May 7, 2023 | S/2006 S 11 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[235][236] | |
S/2006 S 12 | — | — | |||
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2019 S 6 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[237] | |
i: January 6, 2006 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2006 S 13 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[238] | |
i: July 1, 2019 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2019 S 7 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[239] | |
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2019 S 8 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[240] | |
i: July 1, 2019 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2019 S 9 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman[241] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2004 S 46 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[242] | |
i: July 1, 2019 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2019 S 10 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[243] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2004 S 47 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[244] | |
i: July 1, 2019 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2019 S 11 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[245] | |
i: January 5, 2006 p: May 8, 2023 | S/2006 S 14 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[246] | |
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 9, 2023 | S/2019 S 12 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[247] | |
i: June 27, 2020 p: May 9, 2023 | S/2020 S 6 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[248][249] | |
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 9, 2023 | S/2019 S 13 | — | — | ||
i: January 5, 2005 p: May 10, 2023 | S/2005 S 4 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[250] | |
i: January 16, 2007 p: May 10, 2023 | S/2007 S 7 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[251] | |
i: March 21, 2007 p: May 10, 2023 | S/2007 S 8 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[252] | |
i: June 24, 2020 p: May 10, 2023 | S/2020 S 7 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[253] | |
i: July 1, 2019 p: May 10, 2023 | S/2019 S 14 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[254] | |
i: July 1, 2019 p: May 10, 2023 | S/2019 S 15 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[255] | |
i: March 9, 2005 p: May 10, 2023 | S/2005 S 5 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[256] | |
i: January 5, 2006 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2006 S 15 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman[257] | |
i: February 1, 2006 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2006 S 16 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[258] | |
i: January 5, 2006 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2006 S 17 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman[259] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2004 S 48 | — | — | Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[260] | |
i: June 27, 2020 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2020 S 8 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[261] | |
i: December 13, 2004 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2004 S 49 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[262] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2004 S 50 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[263] | |
i: January 5, 2006 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2006 S 18 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[264] | |
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2019 S 16 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[265] | |
i: July 1, 2019 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2019 S 17 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[266] | |
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2019 S 18 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[267] | |
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2019 S 19 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[268] | |
i: July 1, 2019 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2019 S 20 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[269] | |
i: January 5, 2006 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2006 S 19 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[270][271] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2004 S 51 | — | — | ||
i: June 27, 2020 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2020 S 9 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[272] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 15, 2023 | S/2004 S 52 | — | — | Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[273] | |
i: March 21, 2007 p: May 16, 2023 | S/2007 S 9 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman[274] | |
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 16, 2023 | S/2004 S 53 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[275] | |
i: June 27, 2020 p: May 16, 2023 | S/2020 S 10 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[276] | |
i: July 3, 2019 p: May 16, 2023 | S/2019 S 21 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[277][278] | |
i: January 5, 2006 p: May 23, 2023 | S/2006 S 20 | — | — | ||
Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
See also
References
- 1 2 Barnard, Edward Emerson (October 4, 1892). "Discovery and observations of a fifth satellite to Jupiter". Astronomical Journal. 12 (11): 81–85. Bibcode:1892AJ.....12...81B. doi:10.1086/101715.
- ↑ Nicholson, Seth Barnes (April 1939). "The Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 51 (300): 85–94. Bibcode:1939PASP...51...85N. doi:10.1086/125010.
- ↑ Louis Strous (2020). "Who discovered that the Sun was a star?". Stanford Solar Center. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
- ↑ Amy Ackerberg-Hastings (2015). "Aristarchus of Samos". Archived from the original on May 7, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
- ↑ Lindow, John (2002). Norse mythology: a guide to the Gods, heroes, rituals, and beliefs. Oxford University Press. p. 253.
The world was a flat disk, with the Earth in the center and the sea all around. Thus the serpent is about as far away from the center, where men and gods lived
- ↑ Heath, Thomas Little (1913). Aristarchus of Samos, the Ancient Copernicus. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. iii.
- ↑ Sachs, Abraham J. (May 2, 1974). "Babylonian Observational Astronomy". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Royal Society of London. 276 (1257): 43–50 [45 & 48–9]. Bibcode:1974RSPTA.276...43S. doi:10.1098/rsta.1974.0008. JSTOR 74273. S2CID 121539390.
- ↑ Gingerich, Owen (1985). "Did Copernicus Owe a Debt to Aristarchus?". Journal for the History of Astronomy. Sage. 16: 37–42. Bibcode:1985JHA....16...37G. doi:10.1177/002182868501600102. S2CID 118851788.
- ↑ Galilei, Galileo; Sidereus Nuncius Archived February 23, 2001, at archive.today, Thomam Baglionum (Tommaso Baglioni), Venice (March 1610), pp. 17–28 (q.v.)
- ↑ Drake, Stillman (1981). Galileo at Work. Courier Dover Publications. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-486-49542-2.
- ↑ Blue, Jennifer (November 9, 2009). "Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". USGS. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
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- ↑ "HubbleSite – NewsCenter – Hubble Discovers Moon Orbiting the Dwarf Planet Makemake (04/26/2016) – The Full Story". hubblesite.org. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
- ↑ Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (April 25, 2016). "Discovery of a Makemakean Moon". The Astrophysical Journal. 825 (1): L9. arXiv:1604.07461. Bibcode:2016ApJ...825L...9P. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/825/1/L9. S2CID 119270442.
- ↑ The moon of the large Kuiper-belt object 2007 OR10 (PDF). 48th Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences. American Astronomical Society. 2016. 120.22. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 18, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
- ↑ "MPEC 2017-L08 : S/2016 J 1". Minor Planet Center. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
- ↑ "MPEC 2017-L47 : S/2017 J 1". Minor Planet Center. International astronomical Union. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ↑ MPEC's 2018-O09 through 2018-O18
- ↑ "CBET 4537: 2013 FY27". cbat.eps.harvard.edu. August 10, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
- ↑ MPEC's 2019-T126 through 2019-T161
- ↑ "MPEC 2021-V333 : S/2003 J 24". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ↑ "MPEC 2021-W14 : S/2019 S 1". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ↑ "MPEC 2022-Y69: S/2011 J 3". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ "MPEC 2022-Y68: S/2018 J 2". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-A13 : S/2016 J 3". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-A14 : S/2021 J 1". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
- ↑ MPEC's 2023-B37 through 2023-B40
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-B41 : S/2021 J 5". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-B51 : S/2018 J 4". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-B50 : S/2021 J 6". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-B96 : S/2016 J 4". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. January 24, 2023. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-D44 : S/2022 J 1". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. February 22, 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-D45 : S/2022 J 2". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. February 22, 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-D46 : S/2022 J 3". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. February 22, 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J21 : S/2020 S 1". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J22 : S/2006 S 9". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J23 : S/2007 S 4 [sic]". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J28 : RETRACTION OF M.P.E.C 2023-J23". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J34 : S/2007 S 5". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J24 : S/2004 S 40". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J25 : S/2019 S 2". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J26 : S/2019 S 3". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J27 : S/2020 S 2". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J35 : S/2020 S 3". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J36 : S/2019 S 4". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J37 : S/2004 S 41". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J38 : S/2020 S 4". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J39 : S/2020 S 5". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J40 : S/2007 S 6". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J41 : S/2004 S 42". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J42 : S/2006 S 10". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J43 : S/2019 S 5". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J45 : S/2004 S 43". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J46 : S/2004 S 44". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J47 : S/2004 S 45". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J48 : S/2006 S 11". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J49 : S/2006 S 12". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J55 : S/2019 S 6". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J56 : S/2006 S 13". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J57 : S/2019 S 7". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J58 : S/2019 S 8". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J59 : S/2019 S 9". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J60 : S/2004 S 46". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J61 : S/2019 S 10". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J62 : S/2004 S 47". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J63 : S/2019 S 11". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J64 : S/2006 S 14". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J67 : S/2019 S 12". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J68 : S/2020 S 6". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J69 : S/2019 S 13". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J79 : S/2005 S 4". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J80 : S/2007 S 7". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J81 : S/2007 S 8". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J82 : S/2020 S 7". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J83 : S/2019 S 14". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J84 : S/2019 S 15". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J85 : S/2005 S 5". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J163 : S/2006 S 15". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J164 : S/2006 S 16". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J165 : S/2006 S 17". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J166 : S/2004 S 48". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J167 : S/2020 S 8". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J168 : S/2004 S 49". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J169 : S/2004 S 50". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J170 : S/2006 S 18". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J171 : S/2019 S 16". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J172 : S/2019 S 17". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J173 : S/2019 S 18". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J174 : S/2019 S 19". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J175 : S/2019 S 20". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J176 : S/2006 S 19". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J177 : S/2004 S 51". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J178 : S/2020 S 9". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-J179 : S/2004 S 52". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-K02 : S/2007 S 9". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-K03 : S/2004 S 53". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-K04 : S/2020 S 10". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-K05 : S/2020 S 10". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
- ↑ "MPEC 2023-KB8 : S/2006 S 20". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved May 23, 2023.