This is a list of music-related events in 1806.

Events

• Gioachino Rossini becomes the youngest member of the Philharmonics Society of Bologna, where he starts studying composition
• Carl Czerny publishes his first composition at the age of 15.
• The marimba is described for the first time by Juan Domingo Juarros, a Spanish historian, in his Compendium of the History of Guatemala.
• Johann Simon Mayr founds a new music school at Bergamo, Italy. Gaetano Donizetti is one of its first pupils.
• Marcussen & Søn, Danish organ-building firm, founded.
• The poem "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" is published in Rhymes for the Nursery; it would later be made into a popular song of the same name.

Classical music

• Ludwig van Beethoven
  • Symphony No. 4
  • Piano Concerto No. 4
  • Violin Concerto
  • 3 String Quartets, Op. 59
  • 32 Variations in C minor
• Johann Nepomuk Hummel
  • 7 Hungarian Dances
  • 12 Minuets
• Carl Maria Von Weber – Concertino for Horn and Orchestra
• Joseph Wölfl – Piano Concerto No. 5 "Grand Concerto Militaire", Op. 43

Opera

• Étienne Méhul – Uthal

Births

• January 3 – Henriette Sontag, operatic soprano (d. 1854)
• January 27 – Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, "the Spanish Mozart" (d. 1826)
• August 17 – Johann Kaspar Mertz, guitarist and composer (d. 1856)
• September 2 – Josef Gusikov, klezmer musician (d. 1837)
• November 4 – Anders Selinder, dancer and choreographer (d. 1874)
• December 4 – Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller, composer (d. 1874)

Deaths

• January 30 – Vicente Martín y Soler, opera and ballet composer (b. 1754)
• February 23 – John Alcock, composer (b. 1715)
• February 24 – Tommaso Giordani, composer (b. c. 1738)
• March 23 – George Pinto, composer (b. 1785)
• June 14 – Domenico Guardasoni, operatic tenor (b. c.1731)
• August 10 – Michael Haydn, composer (b. 1737)
• date unknown
  • Brigida Banti, operatic soprano (b. 1757)
  • José de Larrañaga, organist and composer (b. 1728)
  • Charles Le Picq, dancer and choreographer (b. 1744)