1990 Labatt Brier
Host citySault Ste. Marie, Ontario
ArenaSault Memorial Gardens
DatesMarch 4–11[1]
Attendance76,878
Winner Ontario
Curling clubAvonlea CC, Toronto
SkipEd Werenich
ThirdJohn Kawaja
SecondIan Tetley
LeadPat Perroud
AlternateNeil Harrison
Finalist New Brunswick (Jim Sullivan)
« 1989
1991 »

The 1990 Labatt Brier, the Canadian men's curling championship, was held from March 4 to 11 in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.[2]

Ed Werenich of Ontario defeated Jim Sullivan of New Brunswick to win his second Brier.

The runner-up finish by New Brunswick was their best Brier finish since the inaugural Brier back in 1927 where they also finished runner-up.

Teams

Alberta British Columbia Manitoba
North Hill CC, Calgary

Skip: Harold Breckenridge
Third: Jim McDonald
Second: Ron Fulkerth
Lead: Dennis Balderston
Alternate: Stu Erickson

 Vancouver CC, Vancouver

Skip: Craig Lepine
Third: Ross Graham
Second: Mike Bradley
Lead: Glen McEachran
Alternate: Brent Giles

 Deloraine CC

Skip: Duane Edwards
Third: Kelly McMechan
Second: Don Williams
Lead: Jack Edwards
Alternate: Phil Edwards

New Brunswick Newfoundland Northern Ontario
Capital WC, Fredericton

Skip: Jim Sullivan
Third: Charlie Sullivan
Second: Craig Burgess
Lead: Paul Power
Alternate: Dan Alderman

 St. John's CC, St. John's

Skip: Glenn Goss
Third: Geoff Cunningham
Second: John Allan
Lead: Neil Young
Alternate: Gary Tiller

 Soo Curlers Association, Sault Ste. Marie

Skip: Al Harnden
Third: Eric Harnden
Second: Rich Evoy
Lead: Frank Caputo
Alternate: Rollie Ralph

Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island
Dartmouth CC, Dartmouth

Skip: Alan Darragh
Third: Peter MacPhee
Second: Dave Wallace
Lead: Brad McCaughan
Alternate: Steve Johnston

 Avonlea CC, Toronto

Skip: Ed Werenich
Third: John Kawaja
Second: Ian Tetley
Lead: Pat Perroud
Alternate: Neil Harrison

 Crapaud CC, Crapaud

Skip: Ted MacFadyen
Third: Bill MacFadyen
Second: Mike Coady
Lead: Sandy Foy
Alternate: Dave MacFadyen

Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon/Northwest Territories
Glenmore CC, Montréal

Skip: Kevin Adams
Third: Rob MacLean
Second: Malcolm Turner
Lead: Don Reddick
Alternate: Andrew Carter

 Kronau CC, Kronau

Skip: Jamie Schneider
Third: Rick Schneider
Second: Mike Schneider
Lead: Larry Schneider
Alternate: Daryl Nixon

 Yellowknife CC, Yellowknife

Skip: Trevor Alexander
Third: Richard Robertson
Second: Brad Robertson
Lead: Clay Ravndal
Alternate: Bill Strain

Round robin standings

Key
Teams to Playoffs
Teams to Tiebreaker
ProvinceSkipWLShot
 %
 OntarioEd Werenich10188
 Northern OntarioAl Harnden8381
 New BrunswickJim Sullivan6583
 SaskatchewanJamie Schneider6584
 Nova ScotiaAlan Darragh5682
 Prince Edward IslandTed MacFadyen5681
 British ColumbiaCraig Lepine5679
 QuebecKevin Adams5682
 NewfoundlandGlenn Goss5680
 AlbertaHarold Breckenridge4780
 ManitobaDuane Edwards4782
 Yukon/Northwest TerritoriesTrevor Alexander3880

Round robin results

Draw 1

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 British Columbia (Lepine) (has hammer) 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 7
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Adams) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) (has hammer) 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 X 5
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) 0 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 2 X 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) (has hammer) 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 7
 Manitoba (Edwards) 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 1 6
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) (has hammer) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X 3
 Ontario (Werenich) 1 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 1 X 8

Draw 2

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) (has hammer) 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 X 6
 Manitoba (Edwards) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 X 4
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 2 8
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 4
 Ontario (Werenich) 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Lepine) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 4
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 6
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland (Goss) (has hammer) 1 0 4 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 10
 Alberta (Breckenridge) 0 2 0 1 0 0 3 0 2 0 8

Draw 3

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) (has hammer) 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 1 X 10
 British Columbia (Lepine) 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 X 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) (has hammer) 1 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 1 X 7
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 X 4

Draw 4

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 0 2 3 0 X X 7
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 X X 2
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Werenich) (has hammer) 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 X 7
 Newfoundland (Goss) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 2
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Edwards) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 2 X 7
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 X 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) (has hammer) 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 7
 Alberta (Breckenridge) 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 6
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) (has hammer) 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 5
 Quebec (Adams) 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 4

Draw 5

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 6
 Ontario (Werenich) 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 7
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Breckenridge) (has hammer) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 7
 Manitoba (Edwards) 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Newfoundland (Goss) (has hammer) 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 7
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
 Quebec (Adams) 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 6
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) (has hammer) 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 6
 British Columbia (Lepine) 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 7

Draw 6

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) (has hammer) 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 6
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Werenich) (has hammer) 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 X 5
 Manitoba (Edwards) 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 X 2

Draw 7

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) (has hammer) 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 3 X X 10
 Alberta (Breckenridge) 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 X X 3
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) (has hammer) 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 X 4
 Ontario (Werenich) 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Quebec (Adams) (has hammer) 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 5
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland (Goss) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 X 3
 British Columbia (Lepine) 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 1 X 7
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) (has hammer) 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 6

Draw 8

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Adams) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 6
 Newfoundland (Goss) 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 5
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) (has hammer) 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 3 X 10
 Alberta (Breckenridge) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 3
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) (has hammer) 0 0 0 3 3 1 0 1 X X 8
 British Columbia (Lepine) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 X X 2
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 X 5
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 X 3
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) (has hammer) 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 8
 Manitoba (Edwards) 0 1 1 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 9

Draw 9

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Adams) (has hammer) 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 5
 Alberta (Breckenridge) 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) (has hammer) 2 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 X 8
 Newfoundland (Goss) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 X 4

Draw 10

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 7
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Edwards) (has hammer) 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 X 6
 British Columbia (Lepine) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 X 3
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) (has hammer) 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 6
 Newfoundland (Goss) 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 5
 Alberta (Breckenridge) 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 4
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Ontario (Werenich) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 6
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 5

Draw 11

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Manitoba (Edwards) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 4
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 5
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) (has hammer) 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 5
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 4
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Lepine) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 7
 Ontario (Werenich) 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Adams) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 6
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 5
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 5
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 6

Draw 12

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 X 3
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 X 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland (Goss) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Manitoba (Edwards) (has hammer) 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 7
 Quebec (Adams) 0 2 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Breckenridge) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 4
 Ontario (Werenich) 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 8
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Lepine) (has hammer) 1 2 1 0 3 0 1 1 X X 9
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X X 2

Draw 13

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Ontario (Werenich) (has hammer) 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 5
 Quebec (Adams) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 4
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 7
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Breckenridge) (has hammer) 3 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 8
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 6
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 5
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Edwards) (has hammer) 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4
 Newfoundland (Goss) 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 6

Draw 14

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Breckenridge) (has hammer) 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 5
 British Columbia (Lepine) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland (Goss) (has hammer) 2 2 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 X 10
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 X 8
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Edwards) (has hammer) 2 1 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 X 8
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 X 5
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Adams) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 5

Draw 15

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland (Goss) (has hammer) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 4
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Lepine) (has hammer) 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 X 6
 Quebec (Adams) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 3
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) (has hammer) 2 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 7
 Nova Scotia (Darragh) 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Werenich) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 5 1 0 2 0 X 10
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Alexander) 0 2 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 X 7
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Breckenridge) (has hammer) 3 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 X 8
 Prince Edward Island (MacFadyen) 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 X 5

Tiebreaker

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 7
 Saskatchewan (Schneider) 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 6
Player Percentages
 New Brunswick  Saskatchewan
Paul Power72% Larry Schneider93%
Craig Burgess88% Mike Schneider81%
Charlie Sullivan80% Rick Schneider70%
Jim Sullivan82% Jamie Schneider85%
Total81% Total82%

Playoffs

Semifinal Final
1  Ontario 5
2  Northern Ontario 4 3  New Brunswick 4
3  New Brunswick 5

Semifinal

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Harnden) (has hammer) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 4
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 5
Player Percentages
 Northern Ontario  New Brunswick
Frank Caputo84% Paul Power71%
Rich Evoy70% Craig Burgess80%
Eric Harnden73% Charlie Sullivan83%
Al Harnden68% Jim Sullivan82%
Total74% Total79%

Final

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Werenich) (has hammer) 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 5
 New Brunswick (Sullivan) 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 4
Player Percentages
 Ontario  New Brunswick
Pat Perroud96% Paul Power83%
Ian Tetley82% Craig Burgess86%
John Kawaja86% Jim Sullivan68%
Ed Werenich88% Charlie Sullivan94%
Total88% Total83%

Statistics

Top 5 player percentages

Round Robin only

Leads %
Ontario Pat Perroud88
Quebec Andrew Carter87
Manitoba Jack Edwards86
British Columbia Glen McEachran85
New Brunswick Paul Power85
Seconds %
Ontario Ian Tetley87
Nova Scotia Dave Wallace87
Saskatchewan Mike Schneider86
New Brunswick Craig Burgess85
Newfoundland and Labrador John Allan84
Thirds %
Ontario John Kawaja86
Ontario Eric Harnden (NO)85
Saskatchewan Rick Schneider83
Manitoba Kelly McMechan82
New Brunswick Charlie Sullivan81
Skips %
Ontario Ed Werenich90
Saskatchewan Jamie Schneider83
Prince Edward Island Ted MacFadyen83
Nova Scotia Alan Darragh82
Manitoba Duane Edwards81

Team percentages

Round Robin only

ProvinceSkip %
 OntarioEd Werenich88
 SaskatchewanJamie Schneider84
 New BrunswickJim Sullivan83
 ManitobaDuane Edwards82
 Nova ScotiaAlan Darragh82
 QuebecKevin Adams82
 Prince Edward IslandTed MacFadyen81
 Northern OntarioAl Harnden81
 AlbertaHarold Breckenridge80
 Yukon/Northwest TerritoriesTrevor Alexander80
 NewfoundlandGlenn Goss80
 British ColumbiaCraig Lepine79

References

  1. ↑ "1990 Labatt Brier". CurlingZone. Archived from the original on April 19, 2005.
  2. ↑ "Labatt Brier Archived Statistics" (PDF). Canadian Curling Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
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