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| Turnout | 73.32% ( 5.98%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1991 Indian general election were held to elect 20 members to the tenth Lok Sabha from Kerala.[1] Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) won 16 seats while Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) won the remaining 4 seats.[2] Turnout for the election was at 70.66%[3] In the Lok Sabha, INC formed a minority government under the premiership of P. V. Narasimha Rao.
Alliances and parties
UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran K. Karunakaran. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the CPI, forming the Left Front in the national level. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) contested in 19 seats.
United Democratic Front
| No. | Party | Election Symbol | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Indian National Congress | 16 | |
| 2. | Indian Union Muslim League |  |
2 |
| 3. | Kerala Congress (M) |  |
1 |
| 4. | Independents | 1 |
Left Democratic Front
| No. | Party | Election Symbol | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | _election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Key |
9 |
| 2. | Communist Party of India |  Star |
4 |
| 3. | Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha | 1 | |
| 4. | Independents | 2 | |
| 5. | Janata Dal | 2 | |
| 6. | Revolutionary Socialist Party | 1 | |
| 7. | Kerala Congress | 1 |
Bharatiya Janata Party
| No. | Party | Election Symbol | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bharatiya Janata Party |  |
19 |
List of elected MPs
| No. | Constituency | Name of Elected M.P. | Party Affiliation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kasaragod | Ramanna Rai | CPI(M) |
| 2 | Kannur | Mullappally Ramachandran | INC |
| 3 | Vatakara | K. P. Unnikrishnan | ICS(SCS) |
| 4 | Kozhikode | K. Muraleedharan | INC |
| 5 | Manjeri | E. Ahamed | IUML |
| 6 | Ponnani | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | IUML |
| 7 | Palakkad | V. S. Vijayaraghavan | INC |
| 8 | Ottapalam | K. R. Narayanan | INC |
| 9 | Thrissur | P. C. Chacko | INC |
| 10 | Mukundapuram | Savitri Lakshmanan | INC |
| 11 | Ernakulam | K. V. Thomas | INC |
| 12 | Muvattupuzha | P. C. Thomas | KC(M) |
| 13 | Kottayam | Ramesh Chennithala | INC |
| 14 | Idukki | K. M. Mathew | INC |
| 15 | Alappuzha | T. J. Anjalose | CPI(M) |
| 16 | Mavelikkara | P. J. Kurien | INC |
| 17 | Adoor | Kodikunnil Suresh | INC |
| 18 | Kollam | S. Krishna Kumar | INC |
| 19 | Chirayankil | Suseela Gopalan | CPI(M) |
| 20 | Thiruvananthapuram | A. Charles | INC |
Results
Performance of political parties
| No. | Party | Political Front | Seats | Votes | %Votes | ±pp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Indian National Congress | UDF | 13 | 55,26,187 | 38.77% |  2.93 |
| 2 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | LDF | 3 | 29,52,043 | 20.71% | 2.16 |
| 3 | Communist Party of India | LDF | 0 | 11,56,798 | 8.12% | 1.92 |
| 4 | Indian Union Muslim League | UDF | 2 | 7,15,222 | 5.02% | 0.21 |
| 5 | Janata Dal | LDF | 0 | 6,43,366 | 4.51% | 2.65 |
| 6 | Bharatiya Janata Party | none | 0 | 6,56,945 | 4.61% | 0.10 |
| 7 | Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha | LDF | 1 | 3,95,501 | 2.77% | 0.29 |
| 8 | Kerala Congress (M) | UDF | 1 | 3,84,255 | 2.70% | 0.34 |
| 9 | Revolutionary Socialist Party | LDF | 0 | 3,42,796 | 2.41% |  |
| 10 | Kerala Congress | LDF | 0 | 3,19,933 | 2.24% | 1.78 |
| 11 | Bahujan Samaj Party | none | 0 | 23,475 | 0.16% | 0.04 |
| 12 | Janata Party | none | 0 | 17,883 | 0.13% | 0.13 |
| 13 | Republican Party of India | none | 0 | 5,840 | 0.04% | new |
| 14 | Deseeya Karshaka Party | none | 0 | 4,508 | 0.03% | new |
| 15 | Door Darshi Party | none | 0 | 3,268 | 0.02% | new |
| 16 | Lok Dal | none | 0 | 3,024 | 0.02% | new |
| Independents | 0 | 11,02,111 | 7.73% | 1.76 | ||
By constituency
| No. | Constituency | UDF candidate | Votes | % | Party | LDF candidate | Votes | % | Party | BJP / Other candidate | Votes | % | Party | Winning alliance | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kasaragod | K. C. Venugopal | 3,35,113 | 43.2% | INC | M. Ramanna Rai | 3,44,536 | 44.4% | CPI(M) | C. K. Padmanabhan | 76,067 | 9.8% | BJP | LDF | 9,423 |
| 2 | Kannur | Mullappally Ramachandran | 3,76,696 | 50.2% | INC | E. Ebrahim Kutty | 3,35,569 | 44.8% | IC(S) | M. K. Saseendran | 25,720 | 3.4% | BJP | UDF | 41,127 |
| 3 | Vatakara | M. Ratnasingh | 3,78,012 | 47.2% | INC | K. P. Unnikrishnan | 3,95,501 | 49.4% | CPI(M) | P. Unnikrishnan | 8,566 | 1.1% | IND | LDF | 17,489 |
| 4 | Kozhikode | K. Muraleedharan | 3,55,113 | 47.1% | INC | M. P. Veerendra Kumar | 3,39,229 | 45.0% | JD | U. Dattathriya Rao | 43,661 | 5.8% | BJP | UDF | 15,884 |
| 5 | Manjeri | E. Ahamed | 3,75,456 | 50.6% | IUML | V. Venugopal | 2,86,133 | 38.6% | CPI(M) | Ahalya Sankar | 51,634 | 7.0% | BJP | UDF | 89,323 |
| 6 | Ponnani | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | 3,39,766 | 52.3% | IUML | K. Hamza Kunju | 2,44,060 | 37.6% | CPI | K. Janachandran | 45,388 | 7.0% | BJP | UDF | 95,706 |
| 7 | Palakkad | V. S. Vijayaraghavan | 3,34,913 | 47.7% | INC | A. Vijayaraghavan | 3,19,145 | 45.4% | CPI(M) | Rema S. Menon | 31,323 | 4.5% | BJP | UDF | 15,768 |
| 8 | Ottapalam | K. R. Narayanan | 3,27,043 | 47.7% | INC | Lenin Rajendran | 3,11,955 | 45.5% | CPI(M) | M. A. Pushpakran | 33,542 | 4.9% | BJP | UDF | 15,088 |
| 9 | Thrissur | P. C. Chacko | 3,42,896 | 48.6% | INC | K. P. Rajendran | 3,13,665 | 44.4% | CPI | E. Reghunandanan | 38,213 | 5.4% | BJP | UDF | 29,231 |
| 10 | Mukundapuram | Savithri Lakshmanan | 3,62,029 | 47.8% | INC | A. P. Kurian | 3,49,664 | 46.1% | IND | K. V. Sreedharan | 30,776 | 4.1% | BJP | UDF | 12,365 |
| 11 | Ernakulam | K. V. Thomas | 3,62,975 | 49.0% | INC | V. Viswanatha Menon | 3,15,831 | 42.6% | CPI(M) | V. A. Rahman | 30,082 | 4.1% | BJP | UDF | 47,144 |
| 12 | Muvattupuzha | P. C. Thomas | 3,84,255 | 53.4% | KC(M) | P. I. Devasia | 2,86,152 | 39.8% | IND | N. Ajith | 26,783 | 3.7% | BJP | UDF | 98,103 |
| 13 | Kottayam | Ramesh Chennithala | 3,66,759 | 51.4% | INC | Thampan Thomas | 3,04,137 | 42.6% | JD | George Kurian | 22,622 | 3.2% | BJP | UDF | 62,622 |
| 14 | Idukki | K. M. Mathew | 3,45,139 | 48.3% | INC | P. J. Joseph | 3,19,933 | 44.8% | KEC | K. Madhusoodhanan Nair | 25,197 | 3.5% | BJP | UDF | 25,206 |
| 15 | Alappuzha | Vakkom Purushothaman | 3,50,719 | 47.3% | INC | T. J. Anjalose | 3,64,794 | 49.2% | CPI(M) | V. S. Vijayakumar | 15,973 | 2.2% | BJP | LDF | 14,075 |
| 16 | Mavelikkara | P. J. Kurian | 3,04,519 | 48.4% | INC | K. Suresh Kurup | 2,79,031 | 44.4% | CPI(M) | Chennithala Gopalkrishnan Nair | 25,665 | 4.1% | BJP | UDF | 25,488 |
| 17 | Adoor | Kodikunnil Suresh | 3,27,066 | 48.9% | INC | Bhargavi Thankappan | 3,08,471 | 46.1% | CPI | C. C. Kunjan | 17,067 | 2.6% | BJP | UDF | 18,595 |
| 18 | Kollam | S. Krishna Kumar | 3,70,523 | 50.0% | INC | R. S. Unni | 3,42,796 | 46.2% | RSP | S. Ramakrishna Pillai | 16,507 | 2.2% | IND | UDF | 27,727 |
| 19 | Chirayinkil | Thalekunnil Basheer | 3,30,412 | 47.2% | INC | Suseela Gopalan | 3,31,518 | 47.4% | CPI(M) | K. K. R. Kumar | 20,159 | 2.9% | BJP | LDF | 1,106 |
| 20 | Trivandrum | A. Charles | 3,34,272 | 46.3% | INC | E. J. Vijayamma | 2,90,602 | 40.3% | CPI | O. Rajagopal | 80,566 | 11.2% | BJP | UDF | 43,670 |
See also
References
- ↑ "General Election, 1991".
- ↑ "PC: Kerala 1991".
- ↑ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1991 TO THE 10th LOK SABHA" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-04-13.
- ↑ "PC: Alliances Kerala 1991". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08.
- ↑ Roy Mathew. "Indian Parliament Elections 1991: Kerala Winners". keralaassembly.org. Archived from the original on 2004-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
- ↑ "PC: Party-wise performance for 1991 Kerala".
- ↑ "PC: Kerala 1991".
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