Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotive wheel arrangements, a 2-10-10-2 is a locomotive with two leading wheels, two sets of ten driving wheels, and a pair of trailing wheels.

Other equivalent classifications are:

UIC classification: 1EE1 (also known as German classification and Swiss classification)
Italian and French classification: 150+051
Turkish classification: 56+56
Swiss classification: 5/6+5/6

The equivalent UIC classification is refined to (1′E)E1′ for Mallet locomotives. All 2-10-10-2 locomotives have been articulated locomotives of the Mallet type.

This wheel arrangement was rare. Only two classes of 2-10-10-2 locomotives have been built: the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's 3000 class, and the Virginian Railway's class AE. The 3000 class performed poorly, so the railroad returned them to their original 2-10-2 configuration after no more than seven years of service. None survive today. The class AE locomotives were much more successful, providing between 25 and 31 years of service; some were scrapped between 1943 and 1945, and the rest were scrapped between 1947 and 1949. None were preserved.

ATSF 3000 class

ATSF 3000 class
ATSF 3000 class 2-10-10-2. The forward section of the boiler is a primitive superheater and feedwater heater
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderBaldwin Locomotive Works
Build date1911-1912
RebuilderATSF
Rebuild date1915-1918 (as 2-10-2’s)
Number rebuilt10
Specifications
Driver dia.57 in (1.448 m)
Wheelbase108 ft 10 in (33.17 m)
Length122 ft (37.19 m)
Loco weight616,000 lb (279,400 kg; 279.4 t)
Tender weight266,400 lb (120,800 kg; 120.8 t)
Total weight882,400 lb (400,180 kg; 400.18 t)
Boiler pressure225 psi (1.55 MPa)
CylindersFour, compound (LP front, HP rear)
High-pressure cylinder28 in × 32 in (711 mm × 813 mm)
Low-pressure cylinder38 in × 32 in (965 mm × 813 mm)
Performance figures
Tractive effort111,600 lbf (496 kN)
Career
OperatorsAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
Numbers3000–3009
Withdrawn1945-1953
Scrapped1947-1953
DispositionAll scrapped

In 1911 and 1912, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway modified ten 2-10-2 Baldwin-built locomotives into a new 2-10-10-2 configuration dubbed the 3000 class. They were the largest locomotives in the world from their introduction until 1914. They performed well in helper service, but could only go 10 to 15 mph (16 to 24 km/h) before losing steam. The ATSF returned them to their 2-10-2 configurations between 1915 and 1918.

Virginian Railway class AE

Virginian Class AE
Virginian Class AE
Type and origin
Reference:[1]
Power typeSteam
BuilderAmerican Locomotive Company
Order number1227
Build date1918
Total produced10
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-10-10-2
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Driver dia.56 in (1,422 mm)
Wheelbase64.25 ft (19.58 m)
Width12.0 ft (3.658 m)
Height16.625 ft (5.067 m)
Adhesive weight617,000 lb (279,866 kg; 280 t)
Loco weight684,000 lb (310,257 kg; 310 t)
Tender weight214,300 lb (97,205 kg; 97 t)
Total weight898,300 lb (407,462 kg; 407 t)
Fuel typeCoal
Water cap.13,000 US gal (10,825 imp gal; 49,210 L)
Tender cap.12 short tons (10.7 long tons; 10.9 t)
Firebox:​
 • Grate area108.7 sq ft (10 m2)
Boiler118.5 in (3,010 mm)
Boiler pressure215 psi (1 MPa)
Heating surface8,528 sq ft (792 m2) ​
 • Tubes5,580 sq ft (518 m2)
 • Arch tubes438 sq ft (41 m2)
 • Flues2,510 sq ft (233 m2)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area2,120 sq ft (197 m2)
CylindersFour, compound (LP front, HP rear)
High-pressure cylinder30 in × 32 in (762 mm × 813 mm)
Low-pressure cylinder48 in × 32 in (1,219 mm × 813 mm)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Loco brakeAir
Train brakesAir
Performance figures
Tractive effortCompound: 147,200 lbf (655 kN)
Simple: 176,600 lbf (786 kN)
Factor of adh.4.19
Career
OperatorsVirginian
Number in class10
Numbers800-809
DispositionAll scrapped from 1943-1953

These ten locomotives were built in 1918 by ALCO for the Virginian Railway. With a width of 144 inches (3,658 mm), they were delivered without their cabs and front low-pressure cylinders; and were assembled after delivery. The 48-inch (1,219 mm) low-pressure cylinders (on 90-inch or 2,286-millimetre centers) were the largest on any U.S. locomotive; these had to be inclined a few degrees to provide clearance.[1] The boiler was also the widest of any locomotive; Railway Mechanical Engineer says "the outside diameter of the largest course is 112+7⁄8 inches (2,867 mm)." but the drawing shows 118+1⁄2 inches (3,010 mm) diameter at the rear tube sheet. Their accompanying fuel tenders were shorter than usual so the locomotive would fit on the Virginian's turntables.

This class were compound Mallet locomotives. The rear, high-pressure cylinders exhausted their steam into the huge front cylinders. They could also be operated in simple mode for starting; reduced-pressure steam could be sent straight from the boiler to the front cylinders at low speed, for maximum tractive effort.

The calculated tractive effort was 147,200 lb (66,800 kg) in compound, or 176,600 lb (80,100 kg) in simple for the Virginian locomotives.[2]

The class remained in service until the 1940s. No examples have been preserved.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Bruce, Alfred. The Steam Locomotive in America: Its Development in the Twentieth Century. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 321, photo 85.
  2. ↑ Lewis, Lloyd D. (1993). Virginian Railway Locomotives (1 ed.). Marceline, Missouri: Walsworth Publishing Co. p. 32. ISBN 1-883089-05-0.
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