2012 HE85
False-color image of 2012 HE85 taken by New Horizons in December 2017
False-color image of 2012 HE85 taken by
New Horizons in December 2017
Discovery[1][2]
Discovered byNew Horizons KBO Search
Discovery siteLas Campanas Obs.
Discovery date18 April 2012
(first observed only)
Designations
2012 HE85
VNH0021[3]
Orbital characteristics[4]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 3[1]
Observation arc5.18 yr (1,892 d)
Aphelion49.639 AU
Perihelion40.156 AU
44.897 AU
Eccentricity0.1056
300.84 yr (109,882 d)
12.220°
0° 0m 11.88s / day
Inclination3.0161°
234.99°
37.770°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
8.9[1][4]

    2012 HE85 is a small, resonant trans-Neptunian object from the Kuiper belt, located in the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately 74 kilometers (46 miles) in diameter. It was first observed by a team of astronomers using one of the Magellan Telescopes in Chile during the New Horizons KBO Search on 18 April 2012, in order to find a potential flyby target for the New Horizons spacecraft.[1] The likely 5:9 resonant object was imaged by the spacecraft from afar at a record distance from Earth in 2017.[7]

    Orbit and classification

    The Kuiper belt object is considered to be a resonant trans-Neptunian object in a higher 5:9 orbital resonance with the ice giant Neptune.[5][6] It orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.2–49.6 AU once every 300 years and 10 months (semi-major axis of 44.9 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins with its official first observation by David Osip, Paul Schechter, David Borncamp, Susan Benecchi and Scott Sheppard of the New Horizons KBO Search (268) using the Magellan II (Clay) telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory, located in the Atacama desert in Chile.[1][2]

    Milestone image

    Trajectory of New Horizons and other nearby Kuiper belt objects

    When the New Horizons spacecraft imaged 2012 HE85 in 2017, it was the farthest from Earth ever captured by a spacecraft. The image was taken by the spacecraft's Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) on 5 December 2017 at more than 6.12 billion kilometers (40.9 AU) away from Earth. This record was previously held by the Voyager 1 spacecraft which took the iconic Pale Blue Dot image at 6.06 billion kilometers from Earth in February 1990.[7]

    In December 2017, New Horizons also imaged the classical Kuiper belt object (516977) 2012 HZ84, which was discovered by the same team of astronomers the night before they first observed 2012 HE85.[7] Both objects held this record for little more than one year, until it was superseded on New Year's Eve 2018/19, when New Horizons made its close flyby on 486958 Arrokoth at a new record distance of 6.4 billion kilometers from Earth.[8]

    Physical characteristics

    According to Johnston's Archive, the object measures 74 kilometers in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.09 and an absolute magnitude of 8.9.[4][5] Another estimates gives a smaller diameter of 31 kilometers due to an assumed albedo of 0.15.[3] As of 2019, no rotational lightcurve of 2012 HE85 has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.[4]

    Numbering and naming

    As of 2019, this minor planet has neither been numbered nor named by the Minor Planet Center.[1]

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "2012 HE85". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
    2. 1 2 Buie, M. W.; Parker, A. H.; Tholen, D. J.; Borncamp, D. M.; Osip, D. J.; Schechter, P. L.; et al. (20 January 2016). "MPEC 2016-B36 : 2012 HE85". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. 2016-B36 (2016–B36). Bibcode:2016MPEC....B...36B. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
    3. 1 2 3 4 "2012 HE85". Las Cumbres Observatory – Minor planet follow-up portal. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2012 HE85)" (2017-06-23 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
    5. 1 2 3 4 Johnston, Wm. Robert (7 October 2018). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
    6. 1 2 "Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for VNH0021". Southwest Research Institute. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    7. 1 2 3 "New Horizons Captures Record-Breaking Images in the Kuiper Belt". NASA. 8 February 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
    8. ↑ Wall, Mike (4 January 2019). "The Hunt Is On for Moons Around Ultima Thule". Space.com. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
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